Determination of management indicators on Irrigation Districts modules 041, Río Yaqui (Sonora, Mexico)

Se determinaron indicadores de gestión en el uso de agua de riego para módulos en el Distrito de Riego No. 041, Río Yaqui, ubicado en el sur de Sonora, México; analizado 11 indicadores de rendimiento y ocho indicadores de eficiencia en productividad. Estos indicadores se caracterizaron a través del International Programme for Technology and Research in Irrigation and Drainage, los cuales permitieron analizar la expresión de las variables a combinar y medirlas en cuatro años agrícolas. El propósito de este trabajo fue desarrollar una metodología que permitiera analizar la eficiencia del riego. Por lo que los objetivos fueron: 1) Caracterizar a los 42 módulos de riego mediante indicadores de gestión y la aplicación de las técnicas de benchmarking, con la finalidad de mejorar el riego donde existan deficiencias y 2) Determinar los elementos fundamentales y propósitos que caracterizan el uso eficiente de agua a través de indicadores de gestión que inciden en el área agrícola de estudio. Los resultados para el indicador Suministro Relativo de Agua (RWS), expresa que se está usando agua de riego por encima de lo requerido, y el indicador Suministro Relativo de Agua de Riego (RIS), precisó de manera contundente la aportación de agua en proporción a las necesidades de los cultivos.There were determined indicators of management in the use of water for irrigation on the modules of the Irrigation District 041, Río Yaqui, located at the south of Sonora, Mexico; analyzing 11 performance indicators and eight efficiency indicators in productivity. These indicators were characterized through the International Programme for Technology and Research in Irrigation and Drainage, which allowed analyzing the expression of variables to combine and measure them in four agricultural years. The purpose of this work was to develop a methodology that allows analyzing the irrigation efficiency. By what the objectives were: 1) Distinguish the 42 irrigation modules through management indicators and the application of benchmarking techniques, in order to improve the irrigation where there are deficiencies and 2) To determine the key elements and purposes which distinguish the efficient use of water through management indicators that affect the agricultural area of study. The results for the relative water supply indicator (RWS), expressed that it is using irrigation water over as required, and the relative irrigation water supply indicator (RIS) said conclusively the contribution of water in proportion to the crops needs.Fil: Olmedo Vázquez, Víctor Manuel. Universidad de Córdoba (España)Fil: Camacho Poyato, Emilio. Universidad de Córdoba (España)Fil: Rodríguez Díaz, Juan Antonio. Universidad de Córdoba (España)Fil: Minjares Lugo, José Luis.Fil: Hernández Hernández, María Leticia. Universidad Autónoma Chapingo (México

Use of the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to evaluate the efficiency of irrigation in the modules of the irrigation of District No. 041, Rio Yaqui (Sonora, Mexico)

El Distrito de Riego 041, Río Yaqui, en el noroeste de México, fue afectado por una fuerte sequía que colapsó el sistema hidroagrícola en el ciclo agrícola 2002-2003, donde se estableció únicamente el 29% de la superficie regable. La gestión del manejo de los recursos hídricos en el distrito de riego se ha basado tomando en cuenta la eficiencia del manejo del agua, por lo anterior, en el presente trabajo, se evalúa la eficiencia de riego en los módulos de riego, usando la metodología de Análisis Envolvente de Datos (DEA). El objetivo de la investigación fue identificar la gestión eficiente de riego y conocer hacia dónde canalizar las adecuaciones pertinentes en los próximos años agrícolas en la región de estudio, a través de sus desviaciones en relación con los módulos de riego más eficientes. Las comparaciones agronómicas e hidráulicas, se incluyeron en el software Frontier Analyst Professional; con el propósito de precisar la frontera de posibilidades que permite aumentar o igualar a los más eficientes (100%). Los resultados determinaron que el ciclo agrícola más homogéneo en cuanto a eficiencia fue el 2012-2013, oscilando su rango de 86,72% al 100%, indicando que la frontera de posibilidades está inmediata para la mayoría de los módulos de riego. El ciclo agrícola 2010-2011, fue más heterogéneo en eficiencia, ya que los rangos fluctúan del 62,21% al 100% lo que hace más complejo alcanzar la frontera de posibilidades.The 041 irrigation district, Yaqui River, in Northwestern Mexico, was affected by a severe drought in the 2002-2003 irrigation season and only 29% of the total area was irrigated due to the limited water resources available. In this work, the water management in the irrigation district was evaluated taking into account the efficiency in the irrigation water use of all the irrigation modules using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) techniques. The aim of the research was to identify the efficient management of irrigation and to know where to channel appropriate adjustments in the next agricultural years in the studied region, through its deviations regarding with the most efficient irrigation modules. Agronomic and hydraulic comparisons were included in the Frontier Analyst Professional Software; in order to define the border of possibilities that allow to increase or even the most efficient (100%). The results determined that the most homogeneous in efficiency was the 2012-2013 agricultural cycle, ranging its rank from 86.72% to 100%, indicating that the border of possibilities is immediate for the most irrigation modules. The agricultural cycle 2010-2011 was more heterogeneous in efficiency since the ranges fluctuate from 62.21% to 100%, which makes it more complex to reach the border of possibilities.Fil: Olmedo Vázquez, Víctor Manuel. Universidad de Córdoba (España)Fil: Minjares Lugo, José Luis.Fil: Camacho Poyato, Emilio. Universidad de Córdoba (España)Fil: Hernández Hernández, María Leticia. Universidad Autónoma Chapingo (México)Fil: Rodríguez Díaz, Juan Antonio. Universidad de Córdoba (España

Strategies For Support Based on The Articulation of Secondary and Higher Education in Accordance with Educational Gaps

The development of an articulation process from the point of view of secondary education and how it is articulated with higher education generates new management models that shows that the applied point recognizes the case of the school Institución Educativa Distrital El Rodeo, hereinafter (I.E.D.) with the student population of the eleventh grade, it is sought to respond to What importance has the directive management in the processes of articulation of secondary education with higher education to facilitate the continuous improvement of the educational quality? In order to develop this problem, the processes of directive management are analyzed, under the analysis of the research that will allow visualizing the antecedents, which have been previously worked in favor of the strengthening of the educational quality from the articulation in secondary education. The methodological approach that was applied to address this qualitative approach and the instrument applied was through questionnaires applied to eleventh grade students and teachers who guided the subjects in the middle school stage, the value of the findings recognizes the importance of articulating education with the productive sectors and regional development. &nbsp

CONCENTRATION OF SOME ELEMENTS IN BLOOD SERUM OF NONLACTATING GOATS IN A SUBTROPICAL REGION OF SOUTHWEST OF MÉXICO STATE

The objective of this study was to determine the mineral levels in blood serum of nonlactating adult goats in the south of the State of México during the dry and rainy seasons. Eighty four multiparous (>2 calving and non-lactating) does were sampled (LW 39 ± 8 kg). Blood samples were collected by jugular vein punction, followed by separation of blood serum by adding 10% trichloroacetic acid for later laboratory analysis. Data were analyzed as a completely randomized factorial experiment. There was as effect (P<0.05) of season on serum concentrations of P, and there was an interaction (P<0.01) of season*region for Ca, Na, Cu and Zn. Mg was unaffected by treatments. Results suggest possible deficiencies in the diets of P, Ca, Cu and Zn

Construction of Territory Through Cyberspace: A Latin American View of Young People's Perception of Virtual Space

This article presents a balance about the chapter guidelines for teaching construction of the territory concept in schools today, which is part of the doctoral thesis "La construcción del territorio a través del ciberespacio: una mirada latinoamericana de la percepción de los jóvenes frente al espacio virtual. Presented at University of Valencia, Spain. This unit was focused on the construction of guidelines for learning the territory concept in geography, it is set from a comparative analysis between Spain, Colombia and England, in order to reflect the contributions of the Latin American, European and Anglo-Saxon countries, in line with the reconstitution of geographic knowledge at a global level to expand new approaches to the concept. This is in contrast to the policies in charge of regulating education in these countries. In this way, it is intended to make analytical and conceptual contributions of the territory from teachers' point of view in relation to the discussion of the territorial approach given by these institutional spaces to expand and develop a conceptual framework that contributes to generating significant transformations in the daily activity of educators. proposing a shift in the geography learning, which allows re-meaning the concept of territory in accordance with innovations in knowledge

Combining Community Engagement and Scientific Approaches in Next-Generation Monitor Siting: The Case of the Imperial County Community Air Network.

Air pollution continues to be a global public health threat, and the expanding availability of small, low-cost air sensors has led to increased interest in both personal and crowd-sourced air monitoring. However, to date, few low-cost air monitoring networks have been developed with the scientific rigor or continuity needed to conduct public health surveillance and inform policy. In Imperial County, California, near the U.S./Mexico border, we used a collaborative, community-engaged process to develop a community air monitoring network that attains the scientific rigor required for research, while also achieving community priorities. By engaging community residents in the project design, monitor siting processes, data dissemination, and other key activities, the resulting air monitoring network data are relevant, trusted, understandable, and used by community residents. Integration of spatial analysis and air monitoring best practices into the network development process ensures that the data are reliable and appropriate for use in research activities. This combined approach results in a community air monitoring network that is better able to inform community residents, support research activities, guide public policy, and improve public health. Here we detail the monitor siting process and outline the advantages and challenges of this approach

The Imperial County Community Air Monitoring Network: A Model for Community-based Environmental Monitoring for Public Health Action.

The Imperial County Community Air Monitoring Network (the Network) is a collaborative group of community, academic, nongovernmental, and government partners designed to fill the need for more detailed data on particulate matter in an area that often exceeds air quality standards. The Network employs a community-based environmental monitoring process in which the community and researchers have specific, well-defined roles as part of an equitable partnership that also includes shared decision-making to determine study direction, plan research protocols, and conduct project activities. The Network is currently producing real-time particulate matter data from 40 low-cost sensors throughout Imperial County, one of the largest community-based air networks in the United States. Establishment of a community-led air network involves engaging community members to be citizen-scientists in the monitoring, siting, and data collection process. Attention to technical issues regarding instrument calibration and validation and electronic transfer and storage of data is also essential. Finally, continued community health improvements will be predicated on facilitating community ownership and sustainability of the network after research funds have been expended

Determinación de indicadores de gestión en los módulos del Distrito de Riego No. 041, Río Yaqui (Sonora, México)

There were determined indicators of management in the use of water for irrigation on the modules of the Irrigation District 041, Río Yaqui, located at the south of Sonora, Mexico; analyzing 11 performance indicators and eight efficiency indicators in productivity. These indicators were characterized through the International Programme for Technology and Research in Irrigation and Drainage, which allowed analyzing the expression of variables to combine and measure them in four agricultural years. The purpose of this work was to develop a methodology that allows analyzing the irrigation efficiency. By what the objectives were: 1) Distinguish the 42 irrigation modules through management indicators and the application of benchmarking techniques, in order to improve the irrigation where there are deficiencies and 2) To determine the key elements and purposes which distinguish the efficient use of water through management indicators that affect the agricultural area of study. The results for the relative water supply indicator (RWS), expressed that it is using irrigation water over as required, and the relative irrigation water supply indicator (RIS) said conclusively the contribution of water in proportion to the crops needs.Se determinaron indicadores de gestión en el uso de agua de riego para módulos en el Distrito de Riego No. 041, Río Yaqui, ubicado en el sur de Sonora, México; analizado 11 indicadores de rendimiento y ocho indicadores de eficiencia en productividad. Estos indicadores se caracterizaron a través del International Programme for Technology and Research in Irrigation and Drainage, los cuales permitieron analizar la expresión de las variables a combinar y medirlas en cuatro años agrícolas. El propósito de este trabajo fue desarrollar una metodología que permitiera analizar la eficiencia del riego. Por lo que los objetivos fueron: 1) Caracterizar a los 42 módulos de riego mediante indicadores de gestión y la aplicación de las técnicas de benchmarking, con la finalidad de mejorar el riego donde existan deficiencias y 2) Determinar los elementos fundamentales y propósitos que caracterizan el uso eficiente de agua a través de indicadores de gestión que inciden en el área agrícola de estudio. Los resultados para el indicador Suministro Relativo de Agua (RWS), expresa que se está usando agua de riego por encima de lo requerido, y el indicador Suministro Relativo de Agua de Riego (RIS), precisó de manera contundente la aportación de agua en proporción a las necesidades de los cultivos

Uso del Análisis Envolvente de Datos (DEA) para evaluar la eficiencia de riego en los Módulos del Distrito de Riego No. 041, Río Yaqui (Sonora, México)

The 041 irrigation district, Yaqui River, in Northwestern Mexico, was affected by a severe drought in the 2002-2003 irrigation season and only 29% of the total area was irrigated due to the limited water resources available. In this work, the water management in the irrigation district was evaluated taking into account the efficiency in the irrigation water use of all the irrigation modules using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) techniques. The aim of the research was to identify the efficient management of irrigation and to know where to channel appropriate adjustments in the next agricultural years in the studied region, through its deviations regarding with the most efficient irrigation modules. Agronomic and hydraulic comparisons were included in the Frontier Analyst Professional Software; in order to define the border of possibilities that allow to increase or even the most efficient (100%). The results determined that the most homogeneous in efficiency was the 2012-2013 agricultural cycle, ranging its rank from 86.72% to 100%, indicating that the border of possibilities is immediate for the most irrigation modules. The agricultural cycle 2010-2011 was more heterogeneous in efficiency since the ranges fluctuate from 62.21% to 100%, which makes it more complex to reach the border of possibilities.El Distrito de Riego 041, Río Yaqui, en el noroeste de México, fue afectado por una fuerte sequía que colapsó el sistema hidroagrícola en el ciclo agrícola 2002-2003, donde se estableció únicamente el 29% de la superficie regable. La gestión del manejo de los recursos hídricos en el distrito de riego se ha basado tomando en cuenta la eficiencia del manejo del agua, por lo anterior, en el presente trabajo, se evalúa la eficiencia de riego en los módulos de riego, usando la metodología de Análisis Envolvente de Datos (DEA). El objetivo de la investigación fue identificar la gestión eficiente de riego y conocer hacia dónde canalizar las adecuaciones pertinentes en los próximos años agrícolas en la región de estudio, a través de sus desviaciones en relación con los módulos de riego más eficientes. Las comparaciones agronómicas e hidráulicas, se incluyeron en el software Frontier Analyst Professional; con el propósito de precisar la frontera de posibilidades que permite aumentar o igualar a los más eficientes (100%). Los resultados determinaron que el ciclo agrícola más homogéneo en cuanto a eficiencia fue el 2012-2013, oscilando su rango de 86,72% al 100%, indicando que la frontera de posibilidades está inmediata para la mayoría de los módulos de riego. El ciclo agrícola 2010-2011, fue más heterogéneo en eficiencia, ya que los rangos fluctúan del 62,21% al 100% lo que hace más complejo alcanzar la frontera de posibilidades

Exposure to secondhand aerosol from electronic cigarettes at homes: A real-life study in four European countries

Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use emits potentially hazardous compounds and deteriorates indoor air quality. Home is a place where e-cigarettes may frequently be used amid its increasing prohibition in public places. This study assessed the real-life scenario of bystanders' exposure to secondhand e-cigarette aerosol (SHA) at home. A one-week observational study was conducted within the TackSHS project in four countries (Greece, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom) in 2019 including: 1) homes of e-cigarette users living together with a non-user/non-smoker; and 2) control homes with no smokers nor e-cigarette users. Indoor airborne nicotine, PM2.5, and PM1.0 concentrations were measured as environmental markers of SHA. Biomarkers, including nicotine and its metabolites, tobacco -specific nitrosamines, propanediol, glycerol, and metals were measured in participants' saliva and urine samples. E-cigarette use characteristics, such as e-cigarette refill liquid's nicotine concentration, e-cigarette type, place of e-cigarette use at home, and frequency of ventilation, were also collected. A total of 29 e-cigarette users' homes and 21 control homes were included. The results showed that the seven-day concentrations of airborne nicotine were quantifiable in 21 (72.4 %) out of 29 e-cigarette users' homes; overall, they were quite low (geometric mean: 0.01 mu g/m3; 95 % CI: 0.01-0.02 mu g/m(3)) and were all below the limit of quantification in control homes. Seven-day concentrations of PM2.5 and PM1.0 in e-cigarette and control homes were similar. Airborne nicotine and PM concentrations did not differ according to different e-cigarette use characteristics. Non-users residing with e-cigarette users had low but significantly higher levels of cotinine, 3 '-OH-cotinine and 1,2-propanediol in saliva, and cobalt in urine than non-users living in control homes. In conclusion, e-cigarette use at home created bystanders' exposure to SHA regardless of the e-cigarette use characteristics. Further studies are warranted to assess the implications of SHA exposure for smoke-free policy