Intérêt d un questionnaire simplifié pour l évaluation des patients se déclarant allergiques à la pénicilline

Introduction : Le diagnostic d allergie à la pénicilline est fréquemment porté par excès. Les tests allergiques cutanés éliminent 80% des allergies autodéclarées. L objectif de l étude est d évaluer si des médecins non allergologues peuvent exclure le diagnostic d allergie aux pénicillines grâce à un questionnaire portant sur des données cliniques simples. Méthodes : L étude se déroulait de novembre 2009 à mai 2010 dans 7 cabinets de médecine générale d Isère et de Savoie et dans le service des maladies infectieuses du centre hospitalier de Chambéry. Les médecins incluaient les patients se déclarant allergiques à la pénicilline quelque soit le motif de consultation. Ils évaluaient la probabilité de l allergie à l aide d un questionnaire simple conçu pour l étude. La proportion de patients dont l allergie était exclue à l issue du questionnaire était analysée. Les médecins adressaient les patients non exclus à un allergologue. Un rappel téléphonique des patients évaluait le nombre réellement envoyé chez l allergologue. Résultats : L étude comptait 105 patients. Les médecins excluaient l allergie chez 15,2% des patients (IC 95% : 0,09-0,22). Une pénicilline avait été réintroduite chez 13,3% des patients sans provoquer de réactions allergiques. Parmi les patients non exclus, 41,5% étaient envoyés chez l allergologue et 8,6% avaient consulté. Conclusion : Notre questionnaire permettait d exclure 15,2% des patients se déclarant allergiques à la pénicilline. Il pourrait dépister en pratique courante ambulatoire et hospitalière les faux allergiques à la pénicilline. Les médecins et les patients doivent être sensibilisés à l intérêt de la consultation allergologique.Introduction: Many patients have been incorrectly given the label allergic to penicillin. Among patients with a reported history of penicillin allergy, 80% have no evidence of penicillin allergy on skin testing. The purpose is to evaluate if non allergists can exclude penicillin allergy with a simple questionnaire. Methods: Patients were enrolled from November 2009 to may 2010 in seven general practitioner offices and in infectious diseases department of Chambery s Hospital. Patients reporting penicillin allergy were included, whatever purposes of consultation. Physicians evaluated the probability of allergy with a simple questionnaire designed for the study. We analysed the ratio of patients with an allergy excluded. Physicians should offer patients to consult an allergist. We phoned patients to know if they had undergone investigations. Results: The study cohort consisted of 105 patients. Physicians excluded 15.2% of patients who reported penicillin allergy (CI 95% : 0.09-0.22). Fourteen patients (13.3%) were reexposed to penicillin without further reaction. Among patients with non-excluded allergy, 41.5% were referred to allergist and 8.5% had undergone investigations. Conclusion: We could exclude 15.2% of patients reporting penicillin allergy with our questionnaire. This questionnaire could be practically useful to detect false allergies. Physicians and patients need further education focusing on the benefit of investigations of penicillin allergy.GRENOBLE1-BU Médecine pharm. (385162101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Intensive vehicle traffic impacts morphology and endocrine stress response in a threatened amphibian

International audienceAmphibians are considered to be the most threa- tened group of vertebrates. Among the multiple factors in- volved in their decline, habitat loss and alteration as a result of human activities is a major threat. At the individual level the effects of habitat alteration are potentially multiple, in- cluding a range of morphological and physiological re- sponses. Analysing and understanding these responses is therefore a critical challenge for amphibian conservation. We examined the influence of intensive vehicle traffic (mo- torbikes and trucks on unpaved pathways) on the body size and condition and on the production of glucocorticoids (i.e. corticosterone) in the yellow-bellied toad Bombina variegata. In particular, we tested the hypothesis that intensive vehicle traffic has a negative influence on body size and body con- dition, and postulated that it also increases corticosterone production. Using morphometric data and saliva samples collected from four populations in France, we found that intensive vehicle traffic is associated with a decrease in body size and body condition in both males and females. Furthermore, our analysis revealed that corticosterone pro- duction was lower in both sexes in populations experiencing intensive vehicle traffic. We suggest that measures should be applied to reduce vehicle traffic intensity on unpaved pathways during toad breeding activity. This is critical for B. variegata, for which man-made ruts and residual puddles could mitigate the loss of natural habitats

Data from: Demographic response to patch destruction in a spatially structured amphibian population

1. Economic activities such as logging and mineral extraction can result in the creation of new anthropogenic habitats that host specific biodiversity, including protected species. However, the legislation in many Western European countries requires the rehabilitation of ‘damaged’ areas following logging and mining operations, which can eliminate these early successional habitats. Conservation managers face a dilemma in these situations, but often lack knowledge about the impacts of environmental rehabilitation on the population dynamics of pioneer species and so are unable to take this into account in their actions. 2. We investigated the demography of a spatially structured population of an endangered amphibian (Bombina variegata) that uses waterbodies created by logging activities as breeding sites. Using capture–recapture (CR) data collected during a 9-year study period, we examined how the destruction of breeding patches due to environmental rehabilitation affected adult survival and the long-term population growth rate. For this purpose, we used recently developed capture-recapture multievent models to estimate survival and dispersal rates in the spatially structured population. We then used these estimates to simulate population trajectories and viability depending on differing frequency of breeding patch destruction. 3. The multievent models revealed that dispersal not resulting from patch loss was relatively high and was sex-biased. They also revealed that patch destruction had a negative impact on adult survival. Moreover, simulations showed that the increase of patch destruction frequency had a strong negative influence on the population growth rate, even when the number of patch remained constant over time. This impact was intensified if female fecundity was also affected. 4. Synthesis and applications. Our study quantified for the first time the detrimental effect of habitat rehabilitation on the population dynamics of an endangered, pioneer species. Yet our study also found that this deleterious impact of patch destruction could be reduced by certain management practices, as avoiding the systematic rehabilitation of the breeding patches and compensating for patch destruction by creating substitute breeding patches

Capture-recapture data

Data description The capture-recapture data used in Cayuela et al. (2018, J. Appl. Ecol) were collected in a spatially structured population of Bombina variegata in France, over an 9-years period (2000-2008). Several capture sessions were performed per year (detailed in Supplementary material S1 of the paper). The individuals are in raws and the capture occasion on column (labelled “H:”). The column “S:” specifies the end of the capture history. The column labeled “$COV:sex” is the sex coded as a group effect (1 = male, 2 = female). The capture-recapture histories are coded with the following events. For an individual captured at t and t–1, we attributed a code of 1 if it had not dispersed and occupied a patch destroyed at t+1 or a code of 4 if the patch was still available; we attributed a code of 2 if an individual had dispersed and occupied a patch destroyed at t+1 or a code of 5 if the patch was still available. For an individual not captured at t–1 but captured at t, a code of 3 or 6 was attributed respectively if it occurred in a patch destroyed at t+1 or not. An individual was coded 0 if it was not captured at t. The txt file is compatible with E-SURGE program. Code to enter in the GEMACO in E-SURGE program to run the most general model. For Initial State: IS - Step 1 - (1): to For Transition: Survival - Step 1 - (5): from(1:6, 7:12).t(6 10 14 19 20 23 26).g+[t(6 10 14 19 20 23 26)+t(1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 11 12 13 15 16 17 18 21 22 24 25 27 28)] For Transition: Dispersal - Step 2 - (5): from(1:3, 4:6).t(1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 11 12 13 15 16 17 18 21 22 24 25 27 28, 6 10 14 19 20 23 26)+g For Transition: Site dynamics - Step 3 - (8): t(1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 11 12 13 15 16 17 18 21 22 24 25 27 28, 6, 10, 14, 19, 20, 23, 26) For Transition: Recapture - Step 4 - (11): from(1:6, 7:12)+t(1 2 3 4 5 6, 7 8 9 10, 11 12 13 14, 15 16 17 18, 19, 20, 21 22 23, 24 25 26, 27 28 29)+g For Event: Events - Step 1 - (0): firste+next

Cayuela_et_al_amphibian_dispersal_preprint

Dispersal is a central process in ecology and evolution. It strongly influences the dynamics of spatially structured populations, by affecting population growth rate and local colonization-extinction processes. Dispersal can also influence evolutionary processes because it determines rates and patterns of gene flow in spatially structured populations and is closely linked to local adaptation. For these reasons, dispersal has received considerable attention from ecologists and evolutionary biologists. However, although it has been studied extensively in taxa such as birds and mammals, much less is known about dispersal in vertebrates with complex life cycles such as pond-breeding amphibians. Over the past two decades, researchers have taken an interest in amphibian dispersal and initiated both fundamental and applied studies, using a broad range of experimental and observational approaches. This body of research reveals complex dispersal patterns, causations and syndromes, with dramatic consequences for the demography and genetics of amphibian populations. In this review, our goals are to (1) redefine and clarify the concept of amphibian dispersal, (2) review current knowledge about the effects of individual (i.e., condition-dependent dispersal) and environmental (i.e., context-dependent dispersal) factors during the three stages of dispersal (i.e., emigration, immigration, transience), (3) identify the demographic and genetic consequences of dispersal in spatially structured amphibian populations, and (4) propose new research avenues to extend our understanding of amphibian dispersal. In particular, we emphasize the need to (1) quantify dispersal rate and distance rigorously using suitable model systems, (2) investigate the genetic basis and dispersal evolution patterns, and (3) examine dispersal-related eco-evolutionary dynamics. These proposed research avenues tap from the recent advances in quantitative and molecular methods and have the potential to improve our understanding of dispersal in organisms with complex life cycles

Determinants and Consequences of Dispersal in Vertebrates with Complex Life Cycles: A Review of Pond-Breeding Amphibians

International audienc