Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Evaluation of Respiratory Muscle Strength in Mouth Breathers: Clinical Evidences

Introduction  The child who chronically breathes through the mouth may develop a weakness of the respiratory muscles. Researchers and clinical are seeking for methods of instrumental evaluation to gather complementary data to clinical evaluations. With this in mind, it is important to evaluate breathing muscles in the child with Mouth Breathing. Objective  To develop a review to investigate studies that used evaluation methods of respiratory muscle strength in mouth breathers. Data Synthesis   The authors were unanimous in relation to manovacuometry method as a way to evaluate respiratory pressures in Mouth Breathing children. Two of them performed with an analog manovacuometer and the other one, digital. The studies were not evaluated with regard to the method efficacy neither the used instruments. Conclusion  There are few studies evaluating respiratory muscle strength in Mouth Breathing people through manovacuometry and the low methodological rigor of the analyzed studies hindered a reliable result to support or refuse the use of this technique

Expanding the use of expanded criteria donors in kidney transplantation

Although the use of kidney allografts from expanded criteria donors (ECD) has increased in recent years, the reported discard rates are also growing. the influence of ECD characteristics on transplant outcomes is still underevaluated.This retrospective study investigated the influence of preimplantation biopsy findings and delayed graft function (DGF) on patient and graft survivals and renal function at 36 months in a cohort of 372 ECD kidney transplant recipients.Patient and graft survivals were 91.6 and 68.9 %. the incidence of biopsy-proven acute rejection was 31 %. There were no differences in patient (88.6 vs. 91.1 vs. 94.7 vs. 78.6 %, p = 0.10) or graft (78.1 vs. 72.2 vs. 60.5 vs. 62.6 %, p = 0.14) survivals and renal function (41.7 +/- A 25.6 vs. 39.9 +/- A 29.9 vs. 38.1 +/- A 30.6 vs. 37.4 +/- A 29.2 mL/min, p = 0.79) comparing ECD kidneys with mild, moderate, and severe histological changes or with no preimplantation biopsy, respectively. However, severe scored transplants had the worst death-censored graft survival (OR 3.1, 95 % CI 1.4-6.9, p = 0.007). No significant differences in patient (86.2 vs. 83.4 %, p = 0.17) or graft (73.7 vs. 65.9 %, p = 0.06) survivals and renal function (38.9 +/- A 28.6 vs. 39.9 +/- A 28.4 mL/min, p = 0.72) were observed comparing patients with or without DGF. Multivariable analysis found diabetes history as the only independent risk factor for graft loss (OR 2.1, 95 % CI 1.3-3.3, p = 0.003) or patient death (OR 3.1, 95 % CI 1.5-5.8, p < 0.001).Within the limitations of sample size and short follow-up time, in this cohort of ECD kidney transplant recipients the severity of histological changes observed in preimplantation biopsies was independently associated with graft loss.Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Transplant Div, Hosp Rim & Hipertensao, BR-04038002 São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Div Nephrol, Hosp Rim, BR-04038002 São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Transplant Div, Hosp Rim & Hipertensao, BR-04038002 São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Div Nephrol, Hosp Rim, BR-04038002 São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc