Alteraçoes cutâneas induzidas por laser

Orientador: Luiz Fernando Bleggi TorresTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciencias da Saúd

Embriologia, histologia e epidemiologia das doenças da pele em crianças

Orientador: Luiz Fernando Bleggi TorresDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Parana, Setor de Ciencias da Saude, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina InternaResumo: O objetivo do presente trabalho foi a embriologia, histologia e epidemiologia das doenças que acometem o tegumento das crianças. A embriologia, histologia e variações anatômicas da pele (experimento 1) foram estudadas através da avaliação histológica de amostras da pele da região interna da coxa direita coletadas de fetos, natimortos, neomortos, préescolares e adolescentes submetidos a autópsia no Hospital de Clínicas, UFPR. Os aspectos epidemiológicos (experimento li) foram estudados através da revisão de 662 biópsias de pacientes pediátricos, entre 1990 e 1995, diagnosticadas no Serviço de Anatomia Patológica do Hospital de Clínicas, UFPR. Os resultados do experimento 1 foram descritos através de esquemas e fotomicrografias e comparados com dados de literatura. Os resultados do experimento li revelaram predomínio de pacientes com idades oscilando de 7 a 15 anos. Há uma prevalência maior de lesões císticas incluindo cistos epidermóides e dermóides, e lesões tumorais incluindo pilomatricoma e angiomas, em relação as dermatoses neste estudo. Estes resultados são comparados com os de outras séries publicadas. XIVAbstract: The aim of the present study was the embriology, histology and epidemiology of cutaneous diseases in childhood. The embriological and histological observations (experiment 1), including the study of the anatomical variations of the normal skin, were carried out through the microscopical analysis of fragments of the skin obtained from the internai right thigh of fetus, stillborns, infants and adolecents autopsied at Hospital de Clínicas, UFPR. lhe epidemiological observations (experiment li) were based on the study of 662 skin biopsies that were reviewed from the files of the Division of Anatomic Pathology, Hospital de Clínicas, UFPR between 1990 and 1995. The results of experiment 1 were presented through schemes and pictures, and compared with previous observations reported in the literature. The results of experiment li revealed that there was predominance of skin biopsies from patients with age ranging from 7 to 15 years old. The most prevalent pathological diagnosis in this study were the cystic lesions including epidermoid and dermoid cysts, and benign tumours represented mainly by pylomatrixoma and angiomas. These results were also compared with the world literature

Immunohistochemical Expression of Matrix Metalloprotease-2 and Matrix Metalloprotease-9 in the Disks of Patients with Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction

Purpose Matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) are tissue-remodeling enzymes that function during the remodeling process, such as in immune-inflammatory diseases. Metalloprotease-2 (MMP-2) and metalloprotease-9 (MMP-9) are gelatinases that degrade several types of extracellular matrix collagen. It is hypothesized that in temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction, MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression levels may be elevated. Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine the association of MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression with temporomandibular joint dysfunction using an immunohistochemical approach to evaluate the joint disk. Material and Methods A total of 45 human temporomandibular joint samples were collected, with 36 samples in the test group (patients with anterior disk displacement with reduction (n = 29) and without reduction (n = 7)) and nine samples in the control group. The immunostaining of the TMJ disks was statistically compared between the groups (P \u3c 0.05). Results There was a statistically significant difference for the area of MMP-2 immunostaining between the control group and the displacement disks with reduction group (ADDwR) (P = 0.048) and between the groups with disk displacement and without reduction (ADDwoR) (P = 0.029). The expression of MMP-2 was significantly elevated in the ADDwoR group. Conclusion No statistically significant difference was found between the variable area of MMP-9 expression in the disk with and without disk displacement, as determined by immunohistochemical analysis. However, there was an elevation of MMP-2 expression in the disks of patients with displacement and without reduction (more severe alteration)

Sistema de espectroscopia de fluorescência na avaliação de margens cirúrgicas de carcinoma de células escamonas da cavidade oral nos momentos in situ e ex vivo

Orientadores: Luiz Paulo Kowalski, Cristina KurachiTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de PiracicabaResumo: O tratamento mais empregado para os carcinomas de células escamosas da boca é a ressecção cirúrgica, sendo ou não acompanhada de radio e/ou quimioterapia. O tratamento é simplificado, diminuindo número de recidivas e aumentando a sobrevida, quando as lesões encontram-se em estágios iniciais, conforme localização anatômica e diagnóstico de margens cirúrgicas livres. Frente a isto, o desenvolvimento e aperfeiçoamento de técnicas para um diagnóstico precoce, assim como de uma acurada definição das margens cirúrgicas livres e correta delimitação da extensão do câncer boca, com o intuito de melhorar a qualidade de vida e a taxa de sobrevida desses pacientes, tornam-se de grande importância. A espectroscopia de fluorescência é uma ferramenta diagnóstica não invasiva que pode auxiliar na detecção do câncer em tempo real, com o potencial de fornecer sensibilidade e especificidade semelhantes ao diagnóstico clínico de profissionais experientes. É uma técnica relativamente simples, rápida e acurada que consiste em avaliar a composição bioquímica e a estrutura do tecido pelo espectro de fluorescência emitido por ele, após aplicação de um feixe de luz. Quando há progressão de um estado normal para um estado alterado, isso é refletido nas características espectrais da fluorescência dos tecidos, podendo ser correlacionada com o exame histopatológico destes tecidos. O objetivo do presente estudo consistiu em discriminar, na mucosa bucal, tecido sadio de neoplásico, por meio de espectroscopia de fluorescência avaliando as margens ressecadas cirurgicamente. As avaliações ocorreram nos pacientes do Departamento de Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço e Otorrinolaringologia do AC Camargo Câncer Center. O estudo obteve aprovação dos Comitês de Ética em Pesquisa das instituições participantes. A amostra consistiu de 75 indivíduos nos quais se realizou a espectroscopia de fluorescência dos quais 45 pacientes eram portadores de carcinoma oral e 30 voluntários com mucosa oral clinicamente normal. 29 casos (64.4%) do sexo masculino e a média de idade foi de 61.3 anos. Foram realizadas biópsias e os resultados destas duas metodologias foram comparados, usando o diagnóstico histopatológico como padrão ouro, para identificar características espectrais de entre tecidos clinicamente não alterados das margens cirúrgicas da mucosa de voluntários. Os espectros foram classificados e comparados com a histopatologia para determinação da eficiência na discriminação diagnóstica empregando-se a fluorescência. A análise inicial foi qualitativa e após consistiu de processamentos matemáticos dos espectros com excitação nos comprimentos de 532 e 406nm. Observou-se a variabilidade entre os indivíduos, entre os sítios anatômicos, entre regiões da mesma lesão e entre tecido clinicamente normal de voluntários e tecido das margens cirúrgicas em momentos in situ. Foram observadas também grandes diferenças entre espectros in situ e ex vivo, em concordância com resultados de outros estudos. A acurácia da técnica variou em função do tipo de análise empregada, mas pode-se constatar o seu potencial de uso como instrumento auxiliar para avaliar margens cirúrgicas no câncer de bocaAbstract: The most widely used treatment for squamous cell carcinoma of the mouth is surgical resection, whether or not accompanied by radiation and/or chemotherapy. The treatment is simplified, reducing the number of recurrences and increasing survival when the lesions are in the early stages, according to anatomical site and diagnosis of disease-free surgical margins. The development and improvement of techniques for early diagnosis, as well as an accurate definition of disease-free surgical margins and correct delineation of the extent of the mouth cancer, is an important part of improving the quality of life and survival rate for these patients. Fluorescence spectroscopy is a noninvasive diagnostic tool that can aid in real-time cancer detection, with the potential to provide similar sensitivity and specificity to that of the clinical diagnoses of experienced professionals. It is a relatively simple, fast and accurate technique that assesses the biochemical composition and structure of the tissue by the fluorescence spectrum emitted after the application of a beam of light. When there is progression from a normal state to an altered state, this is reflected in the spectral characteristics of the fluorescence of the tissues, which may be correlated with the histopathological examination of these tissues. The aim of this study was to discriminate, in oral mucosa, healthy tissue through fluorescence spectroscopy by evaluating surgically resected margins. Assessments occurred in patients of the Head and Neck Surgery and Otorhinolaryngology Department of A.C. Camargo Cancer Center. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the institution. The sample consisted of 75 individuals who underwent fluorescence spectroscopy, of which there were 45 individuals with oral carcinoma and 30 healthy volunteers with normal oral mucosa. Twenty-nine cases (64.4%) were male and the mean age was 61.3 years. Biopsies were performed and the results of these two methods were compared using histopathology as the gold standard to identify spectral characteristics from clinically unchanged tissues to surgical margins of the mucosa of volunteers. The spectra were classified and compared with histopathology for determining the efficiency of diagnostic discrimination of employing fluorescence. The initial analysis was qualitative and consisted of following mathematical processing of the spectra with excitation in lengths of 532 and 406 nm. Variability was observed among individuals, anatomical sites, regions of the same lesion and clinically normal tissue of volunteers and the tissue of surgical margins in situ. Also observed were large differences between spectra in situ and ex vivo, in agreement with results of other studies. The accuracy of the technique varied according to the type of analysis used, but its potential use is noted as an aid to evaluated surgical margins in oral cancerDoutoradoEstomatologiaDoutora em Estomatopatologi

Fluorescence spectroscopy for detection of premalignant lesions and squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity : prospective study

Orientador: Luiz Paulo KowalskiDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de PiracicabaResumo: O câncer da boca é um problema de saúde pública, com grande incidência na população brasileira. O paciente afetado geralmente apresenta-se para o tratamento com a doença em estádios avançados, com conseqüente diminuição das taxas de sobrevida. Diante disso, torna-se imprescindível a detecção do câncer de boca em estádios precoces. A espectroscopia de fluorescência é uma ferramenta diagnóstica não invasiva que pode auxiliar na detecção do câncer em tempo real, com o potencial de fornecer sensibilidade e especificidade semelhantes ao diagnóstico clínico de profissionais experientes. É uma técnica relativamente simples, rápida e acurada que consiste em avaliar a composição bioquímica e a estrutura do tecido pelo espectro de fluorescência emitido por ele, após aplicação de uma fonte de luz. Quando há progressão de um estado normal para um estado alterado, isso é refletido nas características espectrais da fluorescência dos tecidos, podendo ser correlacionada com o exame histopatológico destes tecidos. O objetivo do presente estudo consistiu em discriminar, na mucosa bucal, tecido sadio de neoplásico, por meio de espectroscopia de fluorescência. As avaliações ocorreram nos pacientes do Departamento de Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço e Otorrinolaringologia do Hospital A. C. Camargo e do Laboratório Especial de Laser em Odontologia da USP, São Paulo, Brasil. O estudo obteve aprovação dos Comitês de Ética em Pesquisa das instituições participantes. A amostra consistiu de 150 indivíduos nos quais se realizou a espectroscopia de fluorescência dos quais 55 pacientes eram portadores de carcinoma oral, 30 voluntários com mucosa oral clinicamente normal, 35 pacientes sem lesão oral, com história prévia de neoplasia, que foram submetidos à cirurgia ou à cirurgia e radioterapia, e 30 pacientes com lesão clinicamente detectável e potencialmente maligna. 81 casos (54%) do sexo masculino e a média de idade foi de 62,7 anos. Em relação aos fatores de risco, 76 (50,6%) eram fumantes e 31(20,7%) etilistas. Foram realizadas biópsias e os resultados destas duas metodologias foram comparados, usando o diagnóstico histopatológico como padrão ouro, para identificar características espectrais de cada tipo de lesão. Os espectros foram classificados e comparados com a histopatologia para determinação da eficiência na discriminação diagnóstica empregando-se a fluorescência. A análise consistiu de diversos tipos de processamentos matemáticos dos espectros, sendo as acurácias Bayes 0.513 e 0.618 e J48 0.829 e 0.887 nos comprimentos 532 e 406nm, respectivamente. Observou-se a variabilidade entre as doenças, entre os sítios anatômicos, entre os indivíduos e entre regiões da mesma lesão. Os valores de especificidade e sensibilidade da técnica variam em função do tipo de análise empregada, como na excitação em 406 nm o algoritmo J48+CFS mostrou valores de sensibilidade igual a 88,5% e de especificidade igual a 93,8%, podendo em alguns casos, pode-se constatar o seu potencial de uso como instrumento auxiliar do diagnóstico do câncer de bocaAbstract: Oral cancer is a public health problem with high incidence in the Brazilian population. The affected patient usually presents for clinical investigation, with advanced stage disease, the consequence of this delay is a reduction in survival rates. Given this, it's essential to detect oral cancer in early stages. Fluorescence spectroscopy is a non-invasive diagnostic tool that can aid in cancer detection in real time, with the potential to provide similar sensitivity and specificity for clinical diagnosis of experienced professionals. This technique is relatively simple, fast and accurate which evaluates the biochemical composition and structure of the tissue fluorescence spectrum emitted by it, after application of a light source. When there is a progression from normal state to an altered state, this is reflected in the spectral characteristics of fluorescence of tissues, which may be correlated with the histopathological examination of tissues. The aim of this study was to discriminate, in the oral mucosa, healthy tissue and tumor, through fluorescence spectroscopy. Assessments occurred in patients of the Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital A. C. Camargo and the Special Laboratory of Laser in Dentistry, USP, São Paulo, Brazil. The study was approved by the Ethics Research Committee of the participant institutions. The sample consisted of 150 individuals who were submitted to fluorescence spectroscopy, of whom 55 patients had oral carcinoma, 30 volunteers with normal oral mucosa, 35 patients without oral lesions, but with a previous history of malignancy, who underwent surgery or surgery and radiotherapy, and 30 patients with a clinically detectable potentially malignant lesions. 81 cases (54%) were male and the mean age was of 62.7 years. Regarding risk factors, 76 (50.6%) were smokers and 31 (20.7%) consumed alcohol. Biopsies were performed and the results of these two methods were compared using the histopathologic diagnosis as the gold standard for comparison to the spectral characteristics of each type of lesion. The spectra were classified and compared to histopathology for determining the efficiency in diagnostic discrimination employing fluorescence. The analysis consisted of various types of mathematical processing of spectra, and the accuracies Bayes 0,513 and 0,618 and J48 0,829 and 0,887 in lengths of 532 and 406nm, respectively. It can be observed variability among diseases, among the anatomical sites among individuals and among regions of the same injury. The specificity and sensitivity of the technique varies depending on the type of analysis employed as the excitation at 406 nm the algorithm J48 + CFS showed sensitivity of 88,5% and specificity of 93,8% and may in some cases, one can see its potential use as an aid to diagnosis of oral cancerMestradoPatologiaMestre em Estomatopatologi

Interleukin-6 Expression in Disc Derangement of Human Temporomandibular Joint and Association with Osteoarthrosis

The inflammatory process is a coordinated response that protects host after infection or trauma, involving several molecular reactions. Once the inflammation is closely linked to the process of destruction of the temporomandibular joint, this study aims to examine, by immunohistochemistry, the expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6), an important inflammatory marker, in temporomandibular articular discs of patients with anterior disc displacement with (ADDwR) and without reduction (ADDwoR) and its association with osteoarthrosis (OA). Thirty-eight (n = 38) articular discs were divided into two cutoffs: 1) analysis 1: 4 control (acute pathology), 17 ADDwR, 17 ADDwoR; and 2) analysis 2: without OA (n = 21) and with OA (n = 17). The area of immunostaining was compared statistically between groups (p \u3c 0.05). In the disc samples, no significant differences were observed between the groups ADDwR and ADDwoR, and with and without OA, in respect to the expression of IL-6 by immunohistochemical examination. Future studies should be conducted with a larger sample size, which could clarify the association of the inflammatory mediator IL-6 with temporomandibular joint dysfunction

Collaborative design methodologies for clothing flat modeling

This article reflects on the importance of collaborative design methodologies in the construction of new configurations for teaching flat clothing modeling. Within the field of teaching fashion and clothing, but specifically in the disciplines of flat modeling, several problems can be identified regarding teaching-learning. Silva and França (2018) state that there is little perceived ability to understand the execution of the molds on the part of the students, which cause the discipline to be seen with a high degree of complexity, causing dissatisfaction, both on the part of the students and by part of the teachers who teach it. This article is based on data, four surveys carried out in fashion and clothing courses in Brazil regarding teaching-learning of the flat modeling technique and from the gaps identified in its results, we will substantiate the paths taken by this research.Based on the assumption that the understanding of the reasons and the difficulties present in the contexts of the researches carried out on teaching and learning of flat modeling in recent years, are not due to individual and solitary actions, but to collective constructions of all the authors involved. In this work, concepts of collaborative design methodologies are explored, as innovative and effective methods of this construction. Understanding that, through collaborative means, it is possible to contribute with activities and solutions from different fields, starting from a new perspective when conceiving formal concepts and solutions.Thus, the question that guides this study and which will be answered is: how can collaborative design methodologies contribute to the flat modeling of clothing? The article is structured in four topics, which aims to clarify points and difficulties raised in research that were carried out in recent years on teaching and learning of flat modeling through a systematic literature review that points out data on the state of the art of flat modeling and its relationship with collaborative methodologies

Segmented markets, cooperative behaviours: innovation in the production of brazilian coffee

The present article aims to discuss some the organizational and institutional aspects that have became the basis for the development of coffee as a non-commodity product in Brazil. It is expected that due to new patterns of coffee consumption, a new strategy permits the competitive reinsertion of Brazilian coffee into the international markets. The suggested methods, interviews to the driving stakeholders and observation of the respective networking systems, are applied in the different stages of the supply chain in order to demonstrate that the production conditions are imposing specific strategic interrelationships between the roasting and the grinding industry and among the several intervenient actors. It is observed that most of such processes take place within a new context of competition where innovation, segmentation and product differentiation are more important factors for the international market than cost and price reductions, thus thereby demanding a serious redefinition the companies’ strategy dynamics.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologi

FasL Expression in Articular Discs of Human Temporomandibular Joint and Association with Osteoarthrosis

Background Apoptosis is a programme of cell death which does not induce an inflammatory response. Recent previous research has suggested a correlation between temporomandibular internal derangement and apoptosis. Fas ligand (FasL) is an apoptosis‐inducing factor, known to trigger apoptosis through distinct signal pathways. This study aims to examine, by immunohistochemistry, the expression of FasL in temporomandibular joint (TMJ) articular discs of patients with anterior disc displacement with reduction (ADDwR) and without reduction (ADDwoR) in patients with and without osteoarthrosis (OA). Methods Forty‐two (n = 42) TMJ articular discs were divided into two cut‐offs: (i) 8 control, 17 ADDwR, 17 ADDwoR, and (ii) without OA (n = 25) and with OA (n = 17). The area of immunostaining was compared statistically between groups (P \u3c 0.05). Results Statistically significant differences were found in the expression of FasL in TMJ discs between the three groups (P = 0.001). ADDwR presented significant higher FasL expression when compared with ADDwoR (P \u3c 0.001). Significant higher FasL expression was observed in the group without OA (P = 0.001). All patients without OA presented ADDwR, while all the patients with OA presented ADDwoR. Conclusion A higher area of in situ immunostaining of FasL was found in temporomandibular discs with reduction, which is the less severe condition. Moreover, a reduced expression of FasL in the discs of patients with osteoarthrosis was found, suggesting that some aspects of apoptosis might underlie the progression of TMJ disorders

Histologic and Histomorphometric Analysis of Posterior Region of the Human Temporomandibular Disc

Objective The aim of this study was to analyze histologic and histomorphometric features of the articular disc in groups with and without disc displacement. Study design A sample of 39 temporomandibular joints TMJs (31 case specimens, 8 control specimens) from 28 patients (mean age 31.2 years) were recruited for this study. The patients were considered to be affected and treated surgically with disc repositioning when presenting painful clinical signs of disc displacement after unsuccessful nonsurgical treatment for at least 6 months. Of the control patients, 4 presented condyle fracture which required opening to be reduced for treatment, and 4 displayed active condyle hyperplasia. The posterior region of the disc was removed and sent for histologic and histomorphometric analysis. Histologic (hematoxylin-eosin) and histomorphometric (picro-Sirius red) analyses were performed. Statistically significant differences between the analyzed groups were accessed through the chi-squared test (P ≤ .05). The Mann-Whitney U test was used to observe the differences between mean values when variables did not present normal distribution [Kolmogorov-Smirnov(a) test]. Results There were no significant differences between the groups in relation to the parameters studied by histologic and histomorphometric analysis (using or not using polarization). Conclusions To the limits of this study, there were no significant histologic and histomorphometric differences in the articular disc between groups with and without TMJ dysfunction