Bait station devices can improve mass trapping performance for the control of the Mediterranean fruit fly

BACKGROUNDThe use of traps and other attract-and-kill devices in pest management strategies to reduce Mediterranean fruit fly populations has proved to be efficient. Nevertheless, many farmers are concerned about the effect of these devices on the trees where they are hung. Direct field observations have revealed that fruit damage is higher in trees with traps than in trees without them. This work evaluates the efficacy of different types of attract-and-kill device to protect fruit of the single tree on which the device is placed. RESULTSResults suggested that trees with traps had at least the same fruit damage than trees without them. When traps were baited with protein hydrolysate, fruit damage was even higher than in trees without traps. However, fruit damage was significantly diminished when efficient bait station devices were used. CONCLUSIONAlthough mass trapping is able to control fruit fly populations as a control method, trees with some types of trap and bait are more susceptible to fly puncture. However, bait station devices reduce fruit damage in the single trees where they are hung. Bait stations are more efficient in fruit protection because fruit flies are affected as soon as they contact the device. Some recommendations for the use of the different attract-and-kill devices are discussed. (c) 2014 Society of Chemical IndustryThe authors would like to thank 'Coop. San Bernardo de Carlet', Carlos Monzo and Vicente Morato for providing trial orchards. This research was funded by the Atomic International Energy Agency through research contract No. 15726. Thanks also to Suterra Europe Biocontrol SL for providing Magnet (R) MED devices.Navarro-Llopis, V.; Primo Millo, J.; Vacas González, S. (2015). Bait station devices can improve mass trapping performance for the control of the Mediterranean fruit fly. Pest Management Science. 71(7):923-927. doi:10.1002/ps.3864S92392771

High-performance nano-flow liquid chromatography column combined with high- and low-collision energy data-independent acquisition enables targeted and discovery identification of modified ribonucleotides by mass spectrometry

Over 170 post-transcriptional RNA modifications have been described and are common in all kingdoms of life. These modifications range from methylation to complex chemical structures, with methylation being the most abundant. RNA modifications play a key role in RNA folding and function and their dysregulation in humans has been linked to several diseases such as cancer, metabolic diseases or neurological disorder. Nowadays, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry is considered the gold standard method for the identification and quantification of these modifications due to its sensitivity and accuracy. However, the analysis of modified ribonucleosides by mass spectrometry is complex due to the presence of positional isomers. In this scenario, optimal separation of these compounds by highly sensitive liquid chromatography combined with the generation of high-information spectra is critical to unequivocally identify them, especially in high-complex mixtures. Here we present an analytical method that comprises a new type of mixed-mode nano-flow liquid chromatography column combined with high- and low-collision energy data-independent mass spectrometric acquisition for the identification and quantitation of modified ribonucleosides. The method produces content-rich spectra and combines targeted and screening capabilities thus enabling the identification of a variety of modified nucleosides in biological matrices by single-shot liquid chromatographic analysis coupled to mass spectrometry.The CRG/UPF Proteomics Unit is part of the Spanish Infrastructure for Omics Technologies (ICTS OmicsTech) and it is a member of the ProteoRed PRB3 consortium, which is supported by grant PT17/0019 of the PE I+D+i 2013–2016 from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) and ERDF. We acknowledge support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (projects CTQ2016–80364-P to ES and PGC2018–098152-A-100 to EMN) and “Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa 2013–2017″, SEV-2012–0208; and from “Secretaria d'Universitats i Recerca del Departament d'Economia i Coneixement de la Generalitat de Catalunya” (2017SGR595). We also acknowledge support of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation to the EMBL partnership, the Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa and the CERCA Programme / Generalitat de Catalunya.

Characterization of the Probing and Feeding Behavior of Planococcus citri (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Grapevine

18 páginas, figuras y tablas estadísticasThe citrus mealybug, Planococcus citri (Risso) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), is a vector of Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3), which causes severe damage to grapevines (Vitis spp.) worldwide. We studied the feeding behavior of P. citri on grapevine leaves and whole plants infected with GLRaV-3 and on artiÞcial feeding membranes using DC-electrical penetration graphs (EPGs). P. citri ingested from phloem sieve elements, but it also spent long intervals in the xylem. Waveforms, not described before for mealybugs, were characterized, some of them resembling those of aphids: 1) one new pattern occurring within the phloem phase, named E23, correlated with honeydew excretion and positive ninhydrine reaction and therefore was associated with sap ingestion from the phloem sieve elements; and 2) an extracellular waveform, named G, also possibly associated with ingestion in artiÞcial membranes, which probably represented xylem ingestion. The potential drops (pd) of P. citri showed two distinct phases (pd1 and pd2).Theoccurrence of pds was, on average, less frequent than in aphids (0.14/min), but they lasted much longer (32.5 s). The temporal analysis of 20 EPG recordings on detached leaves lasting 20 h showed great variability among individuals. Only 11/20 mealybugs reached the phloem phase, and ingestion from the phloem sieve elements (E23) was the predominant phloem-related activity. However, the G pattern was even more frequent, and most insects (16/20) showed xylem ingestion activities with an average duration of 8.7 h. This work represents the Þrst step to identify speciÞc stylet activities associated with the acquisition and inoculation of GLRaV-3 by P. citri.Fundacion Caixa Galicia. This project was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science (AGL2005-01449/AGR).Peer reviewe

Dynamic interplay between RPL3- and RPL3L-containing ribosomes modulates mitochondrial activity in the mammalian heart

The existence of naturally occurring ribosome heterogeneity is now a well-acknowledged phenomenon. However, whether this heterogeneity leads to functionally diverse 'specialized ribosomes' is still a controversial topic. Here, we explore the biological function of RPL3L (uL3L), a ribosomal protein (RP) paralogue of RPL3 (uL3) that is exclusively expressed in skeletal muscle and heart tissues, by generating a viable homozygous Rpl3l knockout mouse strain. We identify a rescue mechanism in which, upon RPL3L depletion, RPL3 becomes up-regulated, yielding RPL3-containing ribosomes instead of RPL3L-containing ribosomes that are typically found in cardiomyocytes. Using both ribosome profiling (Ribo-seq) and a novel orthogonal approach consisting of ribosome pulldown coupled to nanopore sequencing (Nano-TRAP), we find that RPL3L modulates neither translational efficiency nor ribosome affinity towards a specific subset of transcripts. In contrast, we show that depletion of RPL3L leads to increased ribosome-mitochondria interactions in cardiomyocytes, which is accompanied by a significant increase in ATP levels, potentially as a result of fine-tuning of mitochondrial activity. Our results demonstrate that the existence of tissue-specific RP paralogues does not necessarily lead to enhanced translation of specific transcripts or modulation of translational output. Instead, we reveal a complex cellular scenario in which RPL3L modulates the expression of RPL3, which in turn affects ribosomal subcellular localization and, ultimately, mitochondrial activity

Investigación Arquitectónica - AR246 - 202102

Descripción: El curso de Investigación Arquitectónica conduce a la obtención del grado de Bachiller. Es la primera etapa del proceso de titulación profesional, que continua con el curso de Lineamientos para el Proyecto Profesional, sigue con el Taller X y termina con la sustentación del Proyecto de Tesis . La asignatura implementa ejercicios de indagación y procesamiento de información de situaciones reales y objetivas, que sirven de fundamento y soporte, para demostrar la pertinencia de un tema arquitectónico propuesto y su viabilidad. Propósito: Mediante la profundización del conocimiento de un tema elegido el estudiante será capaz de manejar técnicas e instrumentos de investigación para la búsqueda, identificación, selección, análisis, evaluación y uso de información en la construcción de: la justificación, la viabilidad, la articulación de un marco teórico, el análisis de proyectos referenciales, el protocolo teórico de diseño y la síntesis de conclusiones de su propuesta temática, para el Proyecto de Tesis. El curso contribuye directamente al desarrollo de las competencias generales Comunicación Escrita y Manejo de la Información, así como la competencia específica de Diseño Fundamentado (que comprende los criterios NAAB [PC2,PC3,PC8,SC3,PC5, SC5]; las tres a nivel 3 (avanzado). Tiene como requisito el curso TVII - Taller de Integración