Coherent dual-frequency emission of a vertical external-cavity semiconductor laser at the cesium D2 line

International audienceWe describe the dual-frequency and dual-polarization emission of a diode-pumped vertical external-cavity semiconductor laser at 852 nm dedicated to the coherent population trapping of cesium atoms. The output power reaches ∼20 mW on each frequency, with a frequency difference in the GHz range

Validation of ZAP-70 methylation and its relative significance in predicting outcome in chronic lymphocytic leukemia

ZAP-70 methylation 223 nucleotides downstream of transcription start (CpG+223) predicts outcome in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), but its impact relative to CD38 and ZAP-70 expression or immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region (IGHV) status is uncertain. Additionally, standardizing ZAP-70 expression analysis has been unsuccessful. CpG+223 methylation was quantitatively determined in 295 untreated CLL cases using MassARRAY. Impact on clinical outcome vs CD38 and ZAP-70 expression and IGHV status was evaluated. Cases with low methylation (0.90). Thus, ZAP-70 CpG+223 methylation represents a superior biomarker for TT and OS that can be feasibly measured, supporting its use in risk-stratifying CLL

Guía de campo de los mamíferos, anfibios y reptiles de Santa María, Boyacá (Colombia)

ilustraciones, fotografías, mapasEn un esfuerzo consecuente con la necesidad inaplazable de vincular a todos los sectores de la sociedad como protagonistas en la preservación de nuestra riqueza biológica, presentamos la segunda edición del capítulo de mamíferos de la “Guía de campo de los mamíferos, anfibios y reptiles de Santa María (Boyacá)”, en la cual esperamos contribuir a estandarizar los estudios de pequeños mamíferos, dirigidos a responder preguntas referentes a la riqueza, la abundancia de individuos por especie y su diversidad, así como a establecer la composición, estructura y función de este grupo faunístico, entre otros estudios. Además, buscamos a través de información básica sobre la biología e historia natural de las especies, ofrecer elementos que vinculen la diversidad de mamíferos presentes en el Municipio de Santa María, dentro de la cotidianidad y el conocimiento tradicional de los pobladores de este municipio y sus visitantes, así como en los planes de manejo y conservación regional, ya que es urgente que esta zona sea declarada como área de protección bajo alguna de las figuras legales vigentes, dados sus elementos bióticos característicos y su configuración como corredor biológico entre la Central Hidroeléctrica de Chivor y el Parque Nacional Natural Chingaza. (texto tomado de la fuente)In an effort consistent with the unavoidable need to link all sectors of society, as protagonists in the preservation of our biological wealth, we present the second edition of the mammals chapter of the Guía de campo de los mamíferos, anfibios y reptiles de Santa María (Boyacá); in which we hope to contribute to the standardization of studies of small mammals, aimed at answering questions regarding species richness, abundance of individuals within species and their diver- sity; as well as to establish the composition, structure and function of this faunal group, among other studies. In addition, we seek through basic information on the biology and natural history of the species, offer elements that link to the diversity of mammals present in the municipality of Santa María, within the daily life, the traditional knowledge of the inhabitants of this muni- cipality and its visitors, and in regional management and conservation plans, since it is urgent that this area be declared as a protected area, under one of the current legal concepts, for its cha- racteristic biotic elements and for being a biological corridor between the Chivor Hydroelectric Power Plant and the Chingaza National Natural Park. (texto tomado de la fuente)RESUMEN -- Abstract -- AGRADECIMIENTOS -- DIRECTORIO DE AUTORES -- INTRODUCCIÓN -- PREFACIO A LA SEGUNDA EDICIÓN DE LOS MAMÍFEROS DE SANTA MARÍA, BOYACÁ -- CONTEXTO BIOGEOGRÁFICO -- MAMÍFEROS DE SANTA MARÍA, BOYACÁ -- METODOLOGÍA PARA EL MUESTREO DE MAMÍFEROS -- FASE DE PRE-CAMPO -- FASE DE CAMPO ---- Mamíferos voladores (MV) -- Pequeños mamíferos no voladores (PMNV) -- Medianos y grandes mamíferos (MGM) ---- Mamíferos asociados con el agua dulce (MAAD). ---- Procedimientos para preservación del voucher -- FASE DE POS-CAMPO -- SANTA MARÍA, BOYACÁ, COLOMBIA ---- Hábitats . -- Localidades -- PRESENTACIÓN DE LA INFORMACIÓN -- FICHA MODELO ---- MAMÍFEROS NO VOLADORES -- ORDEN DIDELPHIMORPHIA-- Familia Didelphidae -- Didelphis marsupialis . -- Marmosa robinsoni . ---- Marmosa waterhousei. ---- Marmosops caucae . ---- Monodelphis adusta ---- ORDEN CINGULATA . ---- Familia Dasypodidae ---- Dasypus novemcinctus ---- ORDEN PILOSA. -- Familia Megalonychidae. -- Choloepus hoffmanni -- ORDEN CARNIVORA -- Familia Felidae. -- Leopardus pardalis -- Familia Mustelidae -- Eira barbara -- Familia Procyonidae . -- Nasuella olivacea. -- ORDEN PRIMATES -- Familia Aotidae -- Aotus lemurinus . -- Familia Cebidae . -- Saimiri cassiquiarensis . -- Sapajus apella ORDEN RODENTIA -- Familia Sciuridae . -- Notosciurus granatensis -- Familia Cricetidae-- Hylaeamys perenensis.-- Neacomys spinosus . -- Nectomys grandis. -- Oecomys concolor Oligoryzomys delicatus.-- Zygodontomys brevicauda . -- Familia Cuniculidae ---- Cuniculus paca. ---- Familia Echimyidae -- Proechimys oconnelli -- MAMÍFEROS VOLADORES -- ORDEN CHIROPTERA. -- Familia Phyllostomidae -- Subfamilia Carolliinae -- Carollia brevicauda -- Carollia castanea -- Carollia monohernandezi -- Carollia perspicillata -- Subfamilia Desmodontinae -- Desmodus rotundus. -- Subfamilia Glossophaginae . -- Anoura caudifer . -- Glossophaga soricina . -- Subfamilia Lonchophyllinae -- Lonchophylla robusta -- Subfamilia Phyllostominae -- Trachops cirrhosus -- Subfamilia Stenodermatinae -- Artibeus amplus -- Artibeus lituratus -- Artibeus obscurus -- Artibeus planirostris . -- Dermanura bogotensis -- Enchisthenes hartii -- Platyrrhinus angustirostris -- Platyrrhinus brachycephalus . -- Platyrrhinus dorsalis. -- Platyrrhinus helleri.-- Platyrrhinus infuscus -- Platyrrhinus ismaeli -- Platyrrhinus nigellus. -- Platyrrhinus vittatus -- Sturnira grupo lilium. -- Sturnira ludovici -- Sturnira tildae -- Uroderma convexum . -- Vampyressa thyone -- Vampyrodes caraccioli -- Familia Vespertilionidae . -- Eptesicus brasiliensis -- Myotis nigricans. -- Familia Molossidae. -- Molossus molossus -- GLOSARIO -- ACRÓNIMOS -- LITERATURA CITADA. -- ÍNDICE DE NOMBRES CIENTÍFICOS Y COMUNES. -- ÍNDICE DE FIGURAS, TABLAS, ANEXOS Y CUADROS. -- ÍNDICE DE AUTORES DE FOTOGRAFÍAS E ILUSTRACIONESSegunda edició

The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Physical Properties and Purity of a Galaxy Cluster Sample Selected via the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect

We present optical and X-ray properties for the first confirmed galaxy cluster sample selected by the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect from 148 GHz maps over 455 square degrees of sky made with the Atacama Cosmology Telescope. These maps, coupled with multi-band imaging on 4-meter-class optical telescopes, have yielded a sample of 23 galaxy clusters with redshifts between 0.118 and 1.066. Of these 23 clusters, 10 are newly discovered. The selection of this sample is approximately mass limited and essentially independent of redshift. We provide optical positions, images, redshifts and X-ray fluxes and luminosities for the full sample, and X-ray temperatures of an important subset. The mass limit of the full sample is around 8e14 Msun, with a number distribution that peaks around a redshift of 0.4. For the 10 highest significance SZE-selected cluster candidates, all of which are optically confirmed, the mass threshold is 1e15 Msun and the redshift range is 0.167 to 1.066. Archival observations from Chandra, XMM-Newton, and ROSAT provide X-ray luminosities and temperatures that are broadly consistent with this mass threshold. Our optical follow-up procedure also allowed us to assess the purity of the ACT cluster sample. Eighty (one hundred) percent of the 148 GHz candidates with signal-to-noise ratios greater than 5.1 (5.7) are confirmed as massive clusters. The reported sample represents one of the largest SZE-selected sample of massive clusters over all redshifts within a cosmologically-significant survey volume, which will enable cosmological studies as well as future studies on the evolution, morphology, and stellar populations in the most massive clusters in the Universe.Comment: 20 pages, 15 figures, 6 tables. Accepted for publication in ApJ. Higher resolution figures available at: http://peumo.rutgers.edu/~felipe/e-prints

The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Extragalactic Sources at 148 GHz in the 2008 Survey

We report on extragalactic sources detected in a 455 square-degree map of the southern sky made with data at a frequency of 148 GHz from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope 2008 observing season. We provide a catalog of 157 sources with flux densities spanning two orders of magnitude: from 15 to 1500 mJy. Comparison to other catalogs shows that 98% of the ACT detections correspond to sources detected at lower radio frequencies. Three of the sources appear to be associated with the brightest cluster galaxies of low redshift X-ray selected galaxy clusters. Estimates of the radio to mm-wave spectral indices and differential counts of the sources further bolster the hypothesis that they are nearly all radio sources, and that their emission is not dominated by re-emission from warm dust. In a bright (>50 mJy) 148 GHz-selected sample with complete cross-identifications from the Australia Telescope 20 GHz survey, we observe an average steepening of the spectra between 5, 20, and 148 GHz with median spectral indices of $\alpha_{\rm 5-20} = -0.07 \pm 0.06$, $\alpha_{\rm 20-148} = -0.39 \pm0.04$, and $\alpha_{\rm 5-148} = -0.20 \pm 0.03$. When the measured spectral indices are taken into account, the 148 GHz differential source counts are consistent with previous measurements at 30 GHz in the context of a source count model dominated by radio sources. Extrapolating with an appropriately rescaled model for the radio source counts, the Poisson contribution to the spatial power spectrum from synchrotron-dominated sources with flux density less than 20 mJy is C^{\rm Sync} = (2.8 \pm 0.3) \times 10^{-6} \micro\kelvin^2.Comment: Accepted to Ap

The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: A Measurement of the Cosmic Microwave Background Power Spectrum at 148 and 218 GHz from the 2008 Southern Survey

We present measurements of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) power spectrum made by the Atacama Cosmology Telescope at 148 GHz and 218 GHz, as well as the cross-frequency spectrum between the two channels. Our results clearly show the second through the seventh acoustic peaks in the CMB power spectrum. The measurements of these higher-order peaks provide an additional test of the {\Lambda}CDM cosmological model. At l > 3000, we detect power in excess of the primary anisotropy spectrum of the CMB. At lower multipoles 500 < l < 3000, we find evidence for gravitational lensing of the CMB in the power spectrum at the 2.8{\sigma} level. We also detect a low level of Galactic dust in our maps, which demonstrates that we can recover known faint, diffuse signals.Comment: 19 pages, 13 figures. Submitted to ApJ. This paper is a companion to Hajian et al. (2010) and Dunkley et al. (2010

The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Cosmological parameters from three seasons of data

We present constraints on cosmological and astrophysical parameters from high-resolution microwave background maps at 148 GHz and 218 GHz made by the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) in three seasons of observations from 2008 to 2010. A model of primary cosmological and secondary foreground parameters is fit to the map power spectra and lensing deflection power spectrum, including contributions from both the thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich (tSZ) effect and the kinematic Sunyaev-Zeldovich (kSZ) effect, Poisson and correlated anisotropy from unresolved infrared sources, radio sources, and the correlation between the tSZ effect and infrared sources. The power ell^2 C_ell/2pi of the thermal SZ power spectrum at 148 GHz is measured to be 3.4 +\- 1.4 muK^2 at ell=3000, while the corresponding amplitude of the kinematic SZ power spectrum has a 95% confidence level upper limit of 8.6 muK^2. Combining ACT power spectra with the WMAP 7-year temperature and polarization power spectra, we find excellent consistency with the LCDM model. We constrain the number of effective relativistic degrees of freedom in the early universe to be Neff=2.79 +\- 0.56, in agreement with the canonical value of Neff=3.046 for three massless neutrinos. We constrain the sum of the neutrino masses to be Sigma m_nu < 0.39 eV at 95% confidence when combining ACT and WMAP 7-year data with BAO and Hubble constant measurements. We constrain the amount of primordial helium to be Yp = 0.225 +\- 0.034, and measure no variation in the fine structure constant alpha since recombination, with alpha/alpha0 = 1.004 +/- 0.005. We also find no evidence for any running of the scalar spectral index, dns/dlnk = -0.004 +\- 0.012.Comment: 26 pages, 22 figures. This paper is a companion to Das et al. (2013) and Dunkley et al. (2013). Matches published JCAP versio

The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Data Characterization and Map Making

We present a description of the data reduction and mapmaking pipeline used for the 2008 observing season of the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT). The data presented here at 148 GHz represent 12% of the 90 TB collected by ACT from 2007 to 2010. In 2008 we observed for 136 days, producing a total of 1423 hours of data (11 TB for the 148 GHz band only), with a daily average of 10.5 hours of observation. From these, 1085 hours were devoted to a 850 deg^2 stripe (11.2 hours by 9.1 deg) centered on a declination of -52.7 deg, while 175 hours were devoted to a 280 deg^2 stripe (4.5 hours by 4.8 deg) centered at the celestial equator. We discuss sources of statistical and systematic noise, calibration, telescope pointing, and data selection. Out of 1260 survey hours and 1024 detectors per array, 816 hours and 593 effective detectors remain after data selection for this frequency band, yielding a 38% survey efficiency. The total sensitivity in 2008, determined from the noise level between 5 Hz and 20 Hz in the time-ordered data stream (TOD), is 32 micro-Kelvin sqrt{s} in CMB units. Atmospheric brightness fluctuations constitute the main contaminant in the data and dominate the detector noise covariance at low frequencies in the TOD. The maps were made by solving the least-squares problem using the Preconditioned Conjugate Gradient method, incorporating the details of the detector and noise correlations. Cross-correlation with WMAP sky maps, as well as analysis from simulations, reveal that our maps are unbiased at multipoles ell > 300. This paper accompanies the public release of the 148 GHz southern stripe maps from 2008. The techniques described here will be applied to future maps and data releases.Comment: 20 pages, 18 figures, 6 tables, an ACT Collaboration pape

The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Sunyaev Zel'dovich Selected Galaxy Clusters at 148 GHz in the 2008 Survey

We report on twenty-three clusters detected blindly as Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) decrements in a 148 GHz, 455 square-degree map of the southern sky made with data from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope 2008 observing season. All SZ detections announced in this work have confirmed optical counterparts. Ten of the clusters are new discoveries. One newly discovered cluster, ACT-CL J0102-4915, with a redshift of 0.75 (photometric), has an SZ decrement comparable to the most massive systems at lower redshifts. Simulations of the cluster recovery method reproduce the sample purity measured by optical follow-up. In particular, for clusters detected with a signal-to-noise ratio greater than six, simulations are consistent with optical follow-up that demonstrated this subsample is 100% pure. The simulations further imply that the total sample is 80% complete for clusters with mass in excess of 6x10^14 solar masses referenced to the cluster volume characterized by five hundred times the critical density. The Compton y -- X-ray luminosity mass comparison for the eleven best detected clusters visually agrees with both self-similar and non-adiabatic, simulation-derived scaling laws.Comment: 13 pages, 7 figures, Accepted for publication in Ap

The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Cosmology from Galaxy Clusters Detected via the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect

We present constraints on cosmological parameters based on a sample of Sunyaev-Zel'dovich-selected galaxy clusters detected in a millimeter-wave survey by the Atacama Cosmology Telescope. The cluster sample used in this analysis consists of 9 optically-confirmed high-mass clusters comprising the high-significance end of the total cluster sample identified in 455 square degrees of sky surveyed during 2008 at 148 GHz. We focus on the most massive systems to reduce the degeneracy between unknown cluster astrophysics and cosmology derived from SZ surveys. We describe the scaling relation between cluster mass and SZ signal with a 4-parameter fit. Marginalizing over the values of the parameters in this fit with conservative priors gives sigma_8 = 0.851 +/- 0.115 and w = -1.14 +/- 0.35 for a spatially-flat wCDM cosmological model with WMAP 7-year priors on cosmological parameters. This gives a modest improvement in statistical uncertainty over WMAP 7-year constraints alone. Fixing the scaling relation between cluster mass and SZ signal to a fiducial relation obtained from numerical simulations and calibrated by X-ray observations, we find sigma_8 = 0.821 +/- 0.044 and w = -1.05 +/- 0.20. These results are consistent with constraints from WMAP 7 plus baryon acoustic oscillations plus type Ia supernoava which give sigma_8 = 0.802 +/- 0.038 and w = -0.98 +/- 0.053. A stacking analysis of the clusters in this sample compared to clusters simulated assuming the fiducial model also shows good agreement. These results suggest that, given the sample of clusters used here, both the astrophysics of massive clusters and the cosmological parameters derived from them are broadly consistent with current models.Comment: 12 pages, 7 figures. Submitted to Ap