Slavery and defensive war by Luis de Valdivia (1561-1642): context, ideas and possible sources

Este trabajo intenta presentar las ideas políticas de Luis de Valdivia, padre jesuita, que luchó en defesa de la libertad indígena en la América en comienzo del siglo diecisiete. Dividimos el texto en tres partes: en lo primero intentaremos (i) establecer algunos eventos históricos que conectados con las ideas políticas de Valdivia; (ii) presentar a posición del Padre Jesuita sobre la esclavitud y la guerra defensiva; por último, (iii) procurar resaltar algunas fuentes teóricas que podría influenciar directa o indirectamente sus ideas. En lo final de ese trabajo, intentará quedarse claro como Valdivia procuró resolver un conflicto armado apelando principios teóricos que estaban disponibles en su tempo.This study aims to present the political ideas of Luis de Valdivia; Jesuit priest, who fought in defense of the Indians’ freedom in America in the early seventeenth century. We divide the following presentation in three parts, namely: (i) to establish some historical events that led to Valdivia’s political ideas; (ii) to present the position of the Jesuit priest regarding slavery (indigenous) and defensive war; and (iii) to seek to highlight some theoretical sources that could directly or indirectly influence his ideas. At the end of this paper we shall be able to say that Valdivia sought to resolve an armed conflict by applying theoretical principles that were widespread in his time.peerReviewe

Fray Miguel de Agia y su ‘Servidumbres personales de indios’ (1604). Libertad y coacción civil de los indios

The aim of this article is to show how Fray Miguel de Agia handles with the concepts of liberty and civil coercion in his work Servidumbres personales de indios (1604). For that purpose I will divide the text into two sections. In the first, I try to present the repartimientos’ problem in America and the publication of the Cédula Real de Noviembre de 1601, in reaction to which Miguel de Agia wrote his work. In the second section, I will describe Miguel de Agia’s main arguments to support the continuity of the repartimientos in the Indias Occidentales, with particular attention to the way how Agia defends the idea that liberty is not contrary to civil coercion, because it is coherent with the status of a citizen to be politically subjected to legitimate rulers and the common good of the Republic.El propósito de este artículo es mostrar cómo Fray Miguel de Agia lidia con los conceptos de libertad y coerción civil en su obra Servidumbres personales de indios (1604). Para este propósito, dividiré el texto en dos secciones. En la primera, intentaré presentar el problema de los repartimentos  en América y la publicación de la Cédula Real de Noviembre de 1601, en reacción contra la que Miguel de Agia escribió su obra. En la segunda sección, describiré los principales argumentos de Miguel de Agia para sostener la continuidad de los repartimentos en las Indias Occidentales, con particular atención al modo en que Agia defiende la idea de que la libertad no es contraria a la coerción civil porque es coherente con el estatus de ciudadano el estar políticamente sujeto a las reglas legítimas y al bien común de la Repúblic

Proposition of an Innovation Center in Santa Rosa, RS, Brazil, by means of the Via Cycle Methodology

A successful Innovation Center (IC) needs to be closely related to the territory in which it is inserted and have its functions aligned with regional development, the supply of facilities, services and resources and the promotion of culture and the innovation and entrepreneurship connection. This study aimed to develop stages of recognition and mapping of elements that underlie the implementation of an IC in the city of Santa Rosa, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, among them the challenges related to innovation faced in the city; the personas and actors involved; the identification of solutions; the potential stakeholders partners; the proposition of an action plan; and the presentation of this plan to those involved in the process. National and international ICs were analyzed as references for the study, the main ICs of Rio Grande do Sul, the state where Santa Rosa is located were mapped, and the innovation pathway of the city was addressed. Using the Via Cycle Methodology, the interactions between the actors and stakeholders that deal with innovation were studied, the challenges faced were identified, and a solution was proposed to face the perceived challenges. For this result, strategies capable of encompassing the various actors mapped and involved in the structuring pillars of the territory (education, governance, public power, and culture) were suggested, with the intention of proposing the implementation of the IC. The breakdown of these pillars into detailed actions resulted in a significant educational, social, cultural, and economic potential, whose details can serve as references to boost innovation-oriented experiences, meet technological needs, and strengthen various dimensions

Impact of body and orofacial appearance on life satisfaction among Brazilian adults

Aims 1. to elaborate a general model of physical appearance taking into account body image (BI) and orofacial appearance (OA) components; and 2. to evaluate the impact of BI and OA on life satisfaction among Brazilian adults. Methods This is a cross-sectional observational study. The cognitive, behavioral, affective, and satisfaction/ dissatisfaction aspects of BI, the satisfaction and psychosocial impact of OA, and life satisfaction were evaluated by self-reported psychometric scales. Principal Component Analysis and Parallel Analysis were performed. Structural equation models were elaborated to estimate the impact of BI and OA on life satisfaction. The fit of the models was verified and the significance of the path estimates (β) was evaluated using z-tests (α = 5%). Results A total of 1,940 individuals participated in the study (age: mean = 24.8, standard deviation = 5.7 years; females = 70.1%). In the male sample, three physical appearance factors were retained (OA, cognitive and behavioral components of BI, and affective and satisfaction/dissatisfaction components of BI). In the female sample, two factors were retained (OA and all components of BI). All factors had significant impact on life satisfaction (β = |0.26|-|0.48|, p<0.001) in both samples. Individuals dissatisfied with BI and OA had lower levels of life satisfaction. For men, the affective and satisfaction components of BI had a greater impact on life satisfaction (β = 0.48, p<0.001) than the other factors (β =] -0.30;-0.25[, p<0.001). For women, both BI and OA had a similar impact (BI: β = -0.30, p<0.001; OA: β = -0.32, p<0.001). Conclusion BI and OA formed distinct clusters in the physical appearance evaluation. Physical appearance was perceived differently by men and women, fostering discussion about the sociocultural construction of the body. BI and OA had a significant impact on life satisfaction and should be considered in assessment and treatment protocols.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A humanidade do fazer musical com as Tocatas

The purpose of this article is to trace the social and musical relevance of theevent known as “Tocata”, in Florianópolis/ SC. Proposed as an informal meeting,open and not restricted to musicians, theTocata opens itself as a shared experiencethat favors different potentialities of musical making, as well as the reinvention ofthe relationship that participants have withmusic. Given this specificity of the interactions and the human conviviality, as theyoccur there, the Tocata allows us an artistic-musical experience that occurs in thebecoming of a creative, simultaneous andcollective process, where the musical action intends to present itself in an affective,spontaneous and intuitive way. The data ofthe research is taken from reports of participants registered between 2015 and 2016for the Final Paper (TCC): ExperimentalConviviality and Musical Improvisation inthe Tocata: the production of an ethico--aesthetic attitude. We have placed thesereports in articulation with our own experience, as participants and researchersin the field of music and visual arts, andin dialogue with these fields we introducedescriptions of the Tocata and reflectionsthat have accompanied us during the lastyears.O objetivo deste artigo é traçar a relevância social e musical do evento conhecido por “Tocata”, em Florianópolis/ SC. Proposta com a forma de um encontro informal, aberto e não restrito a músicos, a Tocata se abre como uma experiência compartilhada que favorece diferentes potencialidades do fazer musical, assim como a reinvenção da relação dos participantes com a música. Dada esta especificidade das interações e do convívio humano, tal como ali ocorrem, a Tocata nos possibilita uma experiência artístico-musical que se dá no devir de um processo criativo, simultâneo e coletivo, onde a ação musical pretende se apresentar de forma afetiva, espontânea e intuitiva. Os dados da pesquisa partem dos relatos de participantes registrados entre 2015 e 2016 para o Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso: Convívio Experimental e Improvisação Musical na Tocata: da produção de uma atitude ético-estética. Situamos estes relatos em articulação com a nossa própria experiência, enquanto participantes e pesquisadores no campo da música e artes visuais, e em diálogo com estes campos introduzimos descrições da Tocata e reflexões que nos acompanham no decorrer dos últimos anos

Inmobilización de lipasa en biochar obtenida de Manihot Esculenta Crantz

As enzimas imobilizadas são catalisadoras de grande interesse industrial, pois unem as vantagens da catálise heterogênea com a alta seletividade e condições de operação moderada das enzimas. Biochar é um material carbonoso poroso, que possui característica que faz forte candidato a incorporar enzimas em sua estrutura. Outro fato relevante é a possibilidade de mudanças e adaptações por condição de síntese na estrutura do Biochar devido às necessidades de aplicação. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi o estudo da imobilização da lipase em um biochar produzido por pirólise (600 °C) a partir de um resíduo agrícola denominado cepa de mandioca. Foram avaliadas diferentes concentrações enzimáticas (0,1; 0,25 e 0,5 g / L) para determinar a afinidade entre a enzima e o biocarvão. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que a enzima estudada pode ser facilmente imobilizada no biocarvão, obtendo como imobilização rendimento de 61,2 % quando se utiliza a maior concentração de enzimas.The immobilized enzymes are catalysts of great industrial interest, as it unites the advantages of heterogeneous catalysis with the high selectivity and mild operation conditions of the enzymes. Biochar is a porous carbonaceous material, which have characteristic that it makes a strong candidate to incorporate enzymes in its structure. Another relevant fact is the possibility of changes and adaptations by synthesis condition in the Biochar structure due to the application needs. In this context, the objective of this work was the study of immobilization of lipase in a biochar produced by pyrolysis (600 oC) from an agricultural residue called cassava stump. It was evaluated different enzymatic concentrations (0.1, 0.25 and 0.5 g/L) in order to determine the affinity between the enzyme and biochar. The obtained results showed that the enzyme studied could be easily immobilized in the biochar, obtaining as immobilization yield 61.2 % when using the highest concentration of enzymes.Las enzimas inmovilizadas son catalizadores de gran interés industrial, ya que unen las ventajas de la catálisis heterogénea con la alta selectividad y las condiciones de operación suaves de las enzimas. El biochar es un material carbonoso poroso, que tiene la característica de que es un fuerte candidato para incorporar enzimas en su estructura. Otro hecho relevante es la posibilidad de cambios y adaptaciones por condición de síntesis en la estructura de Biochar debido a las necesidades de la aplicación. En este contexto, el objetivo de este trabajo fue el estudio de la inmovilización de lipasa en un biochar producido por pirólisis (600 °C) de un residuo agrícola llamado tocón de yuca. Se evaluaron diferentes concentraciones enzimáticas (0,1, 0,25 y 0,5 g / L) para determinar la afinidad entre la enzima y el biochar. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron que la enzima estudiada se podía inmovilizar fácilmente en el biochar, obteniendo como rendimiento de inmovilización 61,2 % cuando se usa la mayor concentración de enzima

Social Appearance Anxiety Scale: A psychometric investigation and evaluation of the influence of individual characteristics on social appearance anxiety in Brazilian adults who practice physical exercise

fntroduction: Evaluating signs of anxiety related to body appearance is becoming increasingly important in contemporary society and, in this sense, the Social Appearance Anxiety Scale (SAAS) seems an interesting alternative of measurement. Objectives: To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the SAAS when applied to Brazilian adults who practice physical exercise and verify the influence of individual characteristics on participants’ social appearance anxiety. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted online. The participants completed the SAAS and a demographic questionnaire. The psychometric properties of the SAAS one-factor model were evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis. A structural model was built for men and women to verify the influence of individual characteristics of the participants on social appearance anxiety. Results: 1,495 individuals participated in the study (70.8% women; mean age  =  29.5, SD  =  8.9  years). The data obtained with the SAAS presented good indicators of validity and reliability for both genders (CFI  >  0.97, TLI  >  0.97, SRMR  =  0.04, α  >  0.97, ω  >  0.85). For both men and women, greater levels of social appearance anxiety were observed among younger participants, who had a higher body mass index, self-reported an eating disorder, and perceived a change in their body after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. For women specifically, higher income and having started physical exercise more recently were associated with greater levels of social appearance anxiety. Conclusion: The findings supported the validity and reliability of the data obtained with the SAAS and revealed that when investigating social appearance anxiety in uture research and clinical protocols, specific individual characteristics should be considered.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio