Packaging of Planetary Exploration Organic Composition Analyzer for NASA’s Europa Mission

ME450 Capstone Design and Manufacturing Experience: Winter 2021Our team has designed a spaceflight packaging structure for a micro gas chromatograph (GC), an organic compound analysis instrument currently being developed by Prof. Kurabayashi at the University of Michigan for NASA’s proposed lander mission to Europa, one of Jupiter’s moons. As the development of the GC continues, our stakeholders need a more robust structure to package the device and simulate the space environment. Using the design framework and methodologies learned in ME 450, our team has created and verified a solution to meet our stakeholder’s current needs. This report documents Team 33’s solution design process.Prof. Kurabayashi, Dr. Blase, Dr. Venkatasubramanian : University of Michigan Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Research Institutehttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/167648/1/Team_33-Packaging_of_Planetary_Exploration_Organic_Composition_Analyzer_for_NASAs_Europa_Mission.pd

Foreign capital in a growth model

Within an endogenous growth framework, this paper empirically investigates the impact of financial capital on economic growth for a panel of 60 developing countries, through the channel of domestic capital formation. By estimating the model for different income groups, it is found that while private FDI flows exert beneficial complementarity effects on the domestic capital formation across all income-group countries, the official financial flows contribute to increasing investment in the middle income economies, but not in the low income countries. The latter appears to demonstrate that the aid-growth nexus is supported in the middle income countries, whereas the misallocation of official inflows is more likely to exist in the low income countries, suggesting that aid effectiveness remains conditional on the domestic policy environment

Traços de personalidade de estudantes de Psicologia

The personality of an individual can be defined as the underlying cause of behavior and individual experience. It is still related to temper, involving aspects like emotionality, sociability, reactivity, energy and interaction with the environment. This research aims to understand personality under the traits perspective, since this approach to a personality trait is the characteristic that distinguishes one person from another, and describes a basic dimension of personality. For this we used the instrument "Bateria Fatorial de Personalidade (BFP)" in 310 psychology students at Universidade Católica Dom Bosco and a socio-demographic questionnaire, correlating them. The "Bateria Fatorial de Personalidade (BFP)" is based on a five factor model, the "Modelo Fatorial dos Cinco Grandes Fatores (CGF)", which includes the dimensions extroversion, socialization, achievement, neuroticism and openness to experience. The significant data related to gender showed higher scores on openness for men and on socialization for women. Other socio-demographic data, including marital status, type of shift to university, parents’ education and etc were determining factors in assessing the personality of the students.A personalidade de um indivíduo pode ser definida como as causas subjacentes do comportamento e da experiência individual. Estando ainda relacionada com temperamento, envolvendo aspectos como emocionalidade, sociabilidade, reatividade, energia e interação com o meio ambiente. A presente pesquisa objetiva compreender a personalidade sob a perspectiva dos traços, pois para esta abordagem um traço de personalidade é a característica que distingue uma pessoa de outra, além de descrever uma dimensão básica da personalidade. Para isso, utilizou-se do instrumento Bateria Fatorial de Personalidade (BFP) em 310 acadêmicos de psicologia da Universidade Católica Dom Bosco e um questionário sociodemográfico, correlacionando-os. A Bateria Fatorial de Personalidade (BFP) é baseada no Modelo Fatorial dos Cinco Grandes Fatores (CGF), que inclui as dimensões extroversão, socialização, realização, neuroticismo e abertura a experiências. Os dados significantes em relação ao gênero revelaram escores mais altos de abertura para os homens e de socialização para as mulheres. Outros dados sociodemográficos também foram fatores determinantes na avaliação da personalidade dos acadêmicos

Qualidade de vida em estudantes de psicologia

Introduction: assessment the quality of life of psychology students, identifying correlations with socio-demographic factors. Method: Survey conducted with psychology students: 310 participating, who completed the socio-demographic questionnaire and The Medical Outcomes Study 36 - item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), this used to assess quality of life. For statistical analysis, there were applied three different tests: the t-student test, the analysis of variance for categorical variables in relation to the dimensions of the SF-36 test, and the Pearson's correlation for continuous demographic variables. Results and discussion: the total score of quality of life is worse in the first year and increases with the progress of the course. The domain with the highest score: "Functional Capacity" (average 87.43) and with the lowest: "Vitality" (average 58.50). There were significant differences regarding gender, women had significantly lower scores than men on "pain"; and family income, the students with higher incomes had significantly better scores compared to those with lower income in "pain", "vitality", "social aspects" and "mental health". Conclusion: the quality of life of psychology students is satisfactory, although some aspects could be better exploited by the university in seeking to provide development programs and strengthening the quality of life of their students.Este estudo avalia a qualidade de vida de acadêmicos de psicologia e correlaciona com fatores sócio-demográficos. Participaram 310 alunos de psicologia que responderam a um questionário sócio-demográfico e ao The Medical Outcomes Study 36- item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), para avaliar a qualidade de vida. Para a análise estatística aplicaram-se os testes: t-student e de análise de variância para as variáveis categóricas em relação às dimensões do SF-36 e o de correlação linear de Pearson para as variáveis demográficas contínuas. Os resultados indicaram que o escore total da qualidade de vida é pior no primeiro ano e aumenta com o desenrolar do curso. O domínio de maior escore: "Capacidade Funcional" (média 87,43), o de menor: "Vitalidade" (média 58,50). Detectaram-se diferenças significativas em relação ao gênero, mulheres apresentam escores significativamente inferiores aos homens no domínio "dor"; e à renda familiar - os com rendas maiores apresentaram escores significativamente melhores em relação aqueles com menor renda nos domínios "dor", "vitalidade", "aspectos sociais" e "saúde mental". Concluiu-se que a avaliação geral da qualidade de vida é satisfatória, entretanto, há alguns pontos possíveis de serem explorados pela universidade na busca por proporcionar programas de desenvolvimento e fortalecimento da qualidade de vida

Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 315 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE), 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

BACKGROUND: Healthy life expectancy (HALE) and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) provide summary measures of health across geographies and time that can inform assessments of epidemiological p ..

Measuring the health-related Sustainable Development Goals in 188 countries: a baseline analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

BACKGROUND: In September, 2015, the UN General Assembly established the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The SDGs specify 17 universal goals, 169 targets, and 230 indicators leading up to 2030 ..

Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

BACKGROUND: Improving survival and extending the longevity of life for all populations requires timely, robust evidence on local mortality levels and trends. The Global Burden of Disease 2015 Study (GBD 2015) provides a comprehensive assessment of all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes in 195 countries and territories from 1980 to 2015. These results informed an in-depth investigation of observed and expected mortality patterns based on sociodemographic measures. METHODS: We estimated all-cause mortality by age, sex, geography, and year using an improved analytical approach originally developed for GBD 2013 and GBD 2010. Improvements included refinements to the estimation of child and adult mortality and corresponding uncertainty, parameter selection for under-5 mortality synthesis by spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression, and sibling history data processing. We also expanded the database of vital registration, survey, and census data to 14 294 geography-year datapoints. For GBD 2015, eight causes, including Ebola virus disease, were added to the previous GBD cause list for mortality. We used six modelling approaches to assess cause-specific mortality, with the Cause of Death Ensemble Model (CODEm) generating estimates for most causes. We used a series of novel analyses to systematically quantify the drivers of trends in mortality across geographies. First, we assessed observed and expected levels and trends of cause-specific mortality as they relate to the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a summary indicator derived from measures of income per capita, educational attainment, and fertility. Second, we examined factors affecting total mortality patterns through a series of counterfactual scenarios, testing the magnitude by which population growth, population age structures, and epidemiological changes contributed to shifts in mortality. Finally, we attributed changes in life expectancy to changes in cause of death. We documented each step of the GBD 2015 estimation processes, as well as data sources, in accordance with Guidelines for Accurate and Transparent Health Estimates Reporting (GATHER). FINDINGS: Globally, life expectancy from birth increased from 61·7 years (95% uncertainty interval 61·4-61·9) in 1980 to 71·8 years (71·5-72·2) in 2015. Several countries in sub-Saharan Africa had very large gains in life expectancy from 2005 to 2015, rebounding from an era of exceedingly high loss of life due to HIV/AIDS. At the same time, many geographies saw life expectancy stagnate or decline, particularly for men and in countries with rising mortality from war or interpersonal violence. From 2005 to 2015, male life expectancy in Syria dropped by 11·3 years (3·7-17·4), to 62·6 years (56·5-70·2). Total deaths increased by 4·1% (2·6-5·6) from 2005 to 2015, rising to 55·8 million (54·9 million to 56·6 million) in 2015, but age-standardised death rates fell by 17·0% (15·8-18·1) during this time, underscoring changes in population growth and shifts in global age structures. The result was similar for non-communicable diseases (NCDs), with total deaths from these causes increasing by 14·1% (12·6-16·0) to 39·8 million (39·2 million to 40·5 million) in 2015, whereas age-standardised rates decreased by 13·1% (11·9-14·3). Globally, this mortality pattern emerged for several NCDs, including several types of cancer, ischaemic heart disease, cirrhosis, and Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. By contrast, both total deaths and age-standardised death rates due to communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional conditions significantly declined from 2005 to 2015, gains largely attributable to decreases in mortality rates due to HIV/AIDS (42·1%, 39·1-44·6), malaria (43·1%, 34·7-51·8), neonatal preterm birth complications (29·8%, 24·8-34·9), and maternal disorders (29·1%, 19·3-37·1). Progress was slower for several causes, such as lower respiratory infections and nutritional deficiencies, whereas deaths increased for others, including dengue and drug use disorders. Age-standardised death rates due to injuries significantly declined from 2005 to 2015, yet interpersonal violence and war claimed increasingly more lives in some regions, particularly in the Middle East. In 2015, rotaviral enteritis (rotavirus) was the leading cause of under-5 deaths due to diarrhoea (146 000 deaths, 118 000-183 000) and pneumococcal pneumonia was the leading cause of under-5 deaths due to lower respiratory infections (393 000 deaths, 228 000-532 000), although pathogen-specific mortality varied by region. Globally, the effects of population growth, ageing, and changes in age-standardised death rates substantially differed by cause. Our analyses on the expected associations between cause-specific mortality and SDI show the regular shifts in cause of death composition and population age structure with rising SDI. Country patterns of premature mortality (measured as years o

Measuring progress and projecting attainment on the basis of past trends of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals in 188 countries: an analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

The UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are grounded in the global ambition of “leaving no one behind”. Understanding today’s gains and gaps for the health-related SDGs is essential for decision makers as they aim to improve the health of populations. As part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016), we measured 37 of the 50 health-related SDG indicators over the period 1990–2016 for 188 countries, and then on the basis of these past trends, we projected indicators to 2030

Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 315 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE), 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

Background Healthy life expectancy (HALE) and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) provide summary measures of health across geographies and time that can inform assessments of epidemiological patterns and health system performance, help to prioritise investments in research and development, and monitor progress toward the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). We aimed to provide updated HALE and DALYs for geographies worldwide and evaluate how disease burden changes with development. Methods We used results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2015 (GBD 2015) for all-cause mortality, cause-specific mortality, and non-fatal disease burden to derive HALE and DALYs by sex for 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2015. We calculated DALYs by summing years of life lost (YLLs) and years of life lived with disability (YLDs) for each geography, age group, sex, and year. We estimated HALE using the Sullivan method, which draws from age-specific death rates and YLDs per capita. We then assessed how observed levels of DALYs and HALE differed from expected trends calculated with the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator constructed from measures of income per capita, average years of schooling, and total fertility rate. Findings Total global DALYs remained largely unchanged from 1990 to 2015, with decreases in communicable, neonatal, maternal, and nutritional (Group 1) disease DALYs offset by increased DALYs due to non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Much of this epidemiological transition was caused by changes in population growth and ageing, but it was accelerated by widespread improvements in SDI that also correlated strongly with the increasing importance of NCDs. Both total DALYs and age-standardised DALY rates due to most Group 1 causes significantly decreased by 2015, and although total burden climbed for the majority of NCDs, age-standardised DALY rates due to NCDs declined. Nonetheless, age-standardised DALY rates due to several high-burden NCDs (including osteoarthritis, drug use disorders, depression, diabetes, congenital birth defects, and skin, oral, and sense organ diseases) either increased or remained unchanged, leading to increases in their relative ranking in many geographies. From 2005 to 2015, HALE at birth increased by an average of 2·9 years (95% uncertainty interval 2·9–3·0) for men and 3·5 years (3·4–3·7) for women, while HALE at age 65 years improved by 0·85 years (0·78–0·92) and 1·2 years (1·1–1·3), respectively. Rising SDI was associated with consistently higher HALE and a somewhat smaller proportion of life spent with functional health loss; however, rising SDI was related to increases in total disability. Many countries and territories in central America and eastern sub-Saharan Africa had increasingly lower rates of disease burden than expected given their SDI. At the same time, a subset of geographies recorded a growing gap between observed and expected levels of DALYs, a trend driven mainly by rising burden due to war, interpersonal violence, and various NCDs. Interpretation Health is improving globally, but this means more populations are spending more time with functional health loss, an absolute expansion of morbidity. The proportion of life spent in ill health decreases somewhat with increasing SDI, a relative compression of morbidity, which supports continued efforts to elevate personal income, improve education, and limit fertility. Our analysis of DALYs and HALE and their relationship to SDI represents a robust framework on which to benchmark geography-specific health performance and SDG progress. Country-specific drivers of disease burden, particularly for causes with higher-than-expected DALYs, should inform financial and research investments, prevention efforts, health policies, and health system improvement initiatives for all countries along the development continuum. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation