Sustainability assessment of coastal ecosystems: DPSIR analysis for beaches at the Northeast Coast of Vietnam

The Northeastern coastal zone of Vietnam possesses high biodiversity and rich ecosystems like coral reefs, seagrasses, beaches and mangroves. It also includes the Ha Long Bay Natural Heritage site (UNESCO 1994) and the Cat Ba Biosphere Reserve (MAB/UNESCO 2004) as well as hosts the Economic Development Triangle (Hai Phong-Ha Noi-Quang Ninh) established by the Government of Vietnam. As one of the coastal ecosystems, sandy beach ecosystems attracted more attention during recent decades because of their essential role for human welfare and in environmental protection. A few studies concentrated on sustainable management of sandy beach based on environmental and ecological protection and enhance the beach quality for recreational use. The DPSIR (Driving force Pressure State Impact Response) framework describes the logical interaction among systems and finds out the cause and consequence of social-economic development activities to the environment and resources. In this study, the DPSIR was applied on the sandy beaches in the Northeastern coast of Vietnam to reveal the main environmental problems on sandy beaches including the decline of the natural landscape around the beaches and the degradation of the environment. It also pointed out that tourism development in association with urbanization and sea reclamation is the main driving forces for environmental degradation of the sandy beaches. Therefore, local authorities of Hai Phong and Quang Ninh should take into account several main responses to policies on inter-province coordination and managerial measures with a wider scope, which integrate socio-economic and physical factors, proximity, accessibility, and neighborhood to manage healthy coastal ecosystems and sandy beaches in particular. An integrated coastal management program for the Northeastern coast of Vietnam needs to be developed and carried out to follow the laws of Vietnam as well as to meet local urgent requirements

ĐẶC ĐIỂM SINH HỌC SINH SẢN CỦA NGÁN (AUSTRIELLA CORRUGATA) TẠI VÙNG TRIỀU VEN BIỂN TỈNH QUẢNG NINH

360 samples of mud clam (Austriella corrugata) were collected in the intertidal zone of Quang Ninh province city from January 2015 to December 2015 for this study. The results showed that the gonad of female is black, that of male is milky white. The spawning season is from mid April to early September and the peak of spawning occurs from early June to early August. In spawning season, ratio of male/female is toward balance. In other months, rate of male is dominant in the population. Hermaphroditism occurs in the mud clam with a small percentage (from 3.3% to 10%) in the breeding season, in group with size of more than 40 mm. The length of mud clam at first sexual maturity is over 30 mm and the weight is over 20 g. The average absolute fecundity (Fa) is 960,680 eggs/individual. Development of mud clam larvae goes through main stages: Veliger, Umbo and Spat. Our findings contribute information to the planning of the artificial seed production, conservation and sustainable development of mud clam native resource.Kết quả phân tích 360 mẫu ngán (A. corrugata) thu tại các khu vực nơi có ngán phân bố thuộc vùng triều ven biển tỉnh Quảng Ninh từ tháng 1/2015 đến tháng 12/2015 cho thấy: Tuyến sinh dục ngán đực có màu trắng sữa, ngán cái có màu đen thẫm. Mùa vụ sinh sản của ngán hàng năm được xác định từ giữa tháng 4 đến đầu tháng 9, mùa sinh sản tập trung từ đầu tháng 6 đến đầu tháng 8. Ở các tháng tromg năm, tỷ lệ con đực luôn chiếm ưu thế so với con cái trong quần đàn ngán. Vào mùa sinh sản tỷ lệ đực cái cân bằng. Ngán lưỡng tính xuất hiện với tỷ lệ nhỏ (3,3 - 10%) vào mùa sinh sản và ở nhóm kích thước lớn hơn 40 mm. Ngán thành thục sinh dục lần đầu khi chiều dài đạt trên 30 mm, khối lượng trên 20 g. Sức sinh sản tuyệt đối giao động từ 340.690  - 2.090.000 trứng/cá thể, trung bình đạt 960.680 trứng/cá thể. Ấu trùng của ngán phát triển trải qua các giai đoạn chính: Ấu trùng chữ D, ấu trùng đỉnh vỏ và ấu trùng chân bò. Sau đó, ngán phát triển thành con non. Kết quả nghiên cứu góp phần cung cấp cơ sở khoa học cho việc xây dựng kế hoạch sản xuất giống nhân tạo, bảo vệ và phát triển bền vững nguồn lợi ngán tại địa phương

Crystal structure of (<i>E</i>)<i>-N</i>'-[1-(4-amino-phen-yl)ethyl-idene]-2-hy-droxy-5-iodo-benzohydrazide methanol monosolvate.

In the title compound, C15H14IN3O2·CH3OH, two aromatic rings are linked by an N-substituted hydrazide function. The dihedral angle between the aromatic rings is 10.53 (8)°. The stereochemistry about the imine function is E. The methanol mol-ecule forms an O-H⋯O hydrogen bond to the hydrazide O atom. In the crystal, chains of mol-ecules running along the c-axis direction are formed by O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds. Adjacent chains are linked through N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds and π-π stacking inter-actions. The inter-molecular inter-actions in the crystal packing were investigated using Hirshfeld surface analysis, which indicated that the most significant contacts are H⋯H (38.2%), followed by C⋯H/H⋯C (20.6%), O⋯H/H⋯O (11.1%) and I⋯H/H⋯I (9.7%)

Discovery of 9-Cyclopropylethynyl-2-((S)-1-[1,4]dioxan-2-ylmethoxy)-6,7-dihydropyrimido[6,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one (GLPG1205), a unique GPR84 negative allosteric modulator undergoing evaluation in a phase II clinical trial

GPR84 is a medium chain free fatty acid-binding G-protein-coupled receptor associated with inflammatory and fibrotic diseases. As the only reported antagonist of GPR84 (PBI-4050) that displays relatively low potency and selectivity, a clear need exists for an improved modulator. Structural optimization of GPR84 antagonist hit 1, identified through high-throughput screening, led to the identification of potent and selective GPR84 inhibitor GLPG1205 (36). Compared with the initial hit, 36 showed improved potency in a guanosine 5′-O-[γ-thio]triphosphate assay, exhibited metabolic stability, and lacked activity against phosphodiesterase-4. This novel pharmacological tool allowed investigation of the therapeutic potential of GPR84 inhibition. At once-daily doses of 3 and 10 mg/kg, GLPG1205 reduced disease activity index score and neutrophil infiltration in a mouse dextran sodium sulfate-induced chronic inflammatory bowel disease model, with efficacy similar to positive-control compound sulfasalazine. The drug discovery steps leading to GLPG1205 identification, currently under phase II clinical investigation, are described herein

Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead

Crystal structures of two platinum(II) complexes containing ethyl eugenoxyacetate and 2-aminopyridine

In the title complexes, trans-(2-aminopyridine-κN)dichlorido{4-ethoxycarbonylmethoxy-3-methoxy-1-[(2,3-η)-prop-2-en-1-yl]benzene}platinum(II), [PtCl2(C5H6N2)(C14H18O4)], (I), and (2-aminopyridine-κN)chlorido{5-ethoxycarbonylmethoxy-4-methoxy-1-[(2,3-η)-prop-2-en-1-yl]phenyl-κC1}platinum(II), [Pt(C14H17O4)Cl(C5H6N2)], (II), the central PtII metal atom displays a distorted square-planar coordination, with the PtII atom coordinated by the pyridine N atom, the C=C double bond of the eugenol ligand and two Cl atoms for (I) or one Cl atom and a C atom of the phenyl ring for (II). The allyl fragment in (I) is disordered, with population parameters 0.614 (14) and 0.386 (14) for the two positions of the central C atom. The least-squares planes through the two aromatic ring systems make a dihedral angle of 51.10 (13)° for (I) and 78.5 (2)° for (II). Intramolecular N—H...O and N—H...π interactions occur in (I). In (I), inversion dimers formed by C—H...Cl interactions are further linked into chains parallel to the b axis by C—H...O hydrogen bonds. Both aromatic rings are involved in π–π interactions, with centroid-to-centroid distances of 3.508 (3) and 3.791 (3) Å. In (II), inversion dimers form chains parallel to the b axis by C—H...O interactions

Crystal structures of three 4-substituted-2,2'-bipyridines synthesized by Sonogashira and Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions

Facile synthetic routes for three 4-substituted 2,2'-bi-pyridine derivatives, 4-[2-(4-methyl-phenyl)-ethyn-yl]-2,2'-bi-pyridine, C19H14N2, (I), 4-[2-(pyridin-3-yl)ethyn-yl]-2,2'-bi-pyridine, C17H11N3, (II), and 4-(indol-4-yl)-2,2'-bi-pyridine, C18H13N3, (III), via Sonogashira and Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions, respect-ively, are described. As indicated by X-ray analysis, the 2,2'-bi-pyridine core, the ethyl-ene linkage and the substituents of (I) and (II) are almost planar [dihedral angles between the two ring systems: 8.98 (5) and 9.90 (6)° for the two mol-ecules of (I) in the asymmetric unit and 2.66 (14)° for (II)], allowing π-conjugation. On the contrary, in (III), the indole substituent ring is rotated significantly out of the bi-pyridine plane [dihedral angle = 55.82 (3)°], due to steric hindrance. The crystal packings of (I) and (II) are dominated by π-π inter-actions, resulting in layers of mol-ecules parallel to (30-2) in (I) and columns of mol-ecules along the a axis in (II). The packing of (III) exhibits zigzag chains of mol-ecules along the c axis inter-acting through N-H⋯N hydrogen bonds and π-π inter-actions. The contributions of unknown disordered solvent mol-ecules to the diffraction intensities in (II) were removed with the SQUEEZE [Spek (2015 ▸). Acta Cryst. C71, 9-18] algorithm of PLATON. The given chemical formula and other crystal data do not take into account these solvent mol-ecules.journal: Acta Crystallographica Section E: Crystallographic Communications content_type: research communications article_metrics: Available peer_reviewed: Yes review_process: Single blind received: 3 March 2017 accepted: 24 March 2017 published_online: 31 March 2017 supplementary_materials: This article has supporting information copyright: © 2017 Luong Thi Thu license: Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY)status: publishe