Acerca de la reforma rural integral en el Acuerdo Final de Paz y la Justicia Transicional: análisis del esquema de ordenamiento territorial y Estado multicultural colombiano.

This article outlines the results of the research carried out whose general objective is to analyze the current state of the comprehensive rural reform established in the final peace agreement. Study that is carried out from the territorial schemes of the multicultural state, specifically, of the ethnic and Afro-Colombian dimensions. Therefore, the problem question posed was: Does the comprehensive rural reform established in the final peace agreement comply with the territorial organization schemes of the multicultural state? Question that opens the possibility of discussing the specific issue of land tenure in ethnic and Afro-Colombian territories, by reiterating that the presence of the state maximizes decentralization and reforms the concept of municipality, understood as a set of rural and urban areas. However, the challenge of the peoples in the post-conflict scenario is limited by the current state of the Comprehensive Rural Reform that threatens the provisions of the final peace agreement.El presente artículo esquematiza los resultados la investigación realizada cuyo objetivo general es analizar el estado actual de la reforma rural integral establecida en el acuerdo final de paz. Estudio que se realiza a partir de los esquemas territoriales del estado multicultural, en específico, de las dimensiones étnicas y afrocolombianas. Por lo tanto, la pregunta problema que se planteo fue: ¿La reforma rural integral establecida en el acuerdo final de paz, cumple con los esquemas de ordenamiento territorial del estado multicultural? Interrogante que abre la posibilidad de discutir la temática específica de la tenencia de tierras en los territorios étnicos y afrocolombianos, al reiterar que la presencia del estado, maximiza la descentralización y reforma el concepto de municipio, entendido este como un conjunto de áreas rurales y urbanas. No obstante, el reto de los pueblos en el escenario del postconflicto, se encuentra limitado por el actual estado de la Reforma Rural Integral que amenaza lo establecido en el acuerdo final de paz

Rights and cultural expressions: analysis of the use of public space within the legal framework of the Colombian State

La presente investigación tiene como objeto de estudio el análisis de la figura jurídica del "espacio publico" respecto de los derechos culturales y de las expresiones sociales entorno al marco normativo colombiano, esto con miras a poder analizar en que forma y medida los componentes que configuran los espacios públicos realmente permiten la materialización de dichos derechos. De manera que se tienen como principales aportes la posibilidad de comprender los espacios públicos a partir de la identidad cultural y los diferentes parámetros que en Colombia materializan los derechos de las personas a gozar de un entorno social. De aquí, que la investigación sirva para fortalecer el tejido social y aportar nuevo conocimiento respecto de una temática que aun cuando pareciera obvia en la praxis realmente se pueden encontrar problemas que aun hoy en día el Estado no da solución.Universidad Libre Seccional Socorro -- Facultad de derecho, ciencias políticas y sociales -- Maestrian en derecho administrativoThe object of this research is the analysis of the legal figure of "public space" with respect to cultural rights and social expressions around the Colombian regulatory framework, with a view to being able to analyze in what form and extent the components that make up Public spaces really allow the materialization of these rights. So the main contributions are the possibility of understanding public spaces based on cultural identity and the different parameters that in Colombia materialize the rights of people to enjoy a social environment. Hence, research serves to strengthen the social fabric and provide new knowledge regarding a topic that, even if it seems obvious in practice, problems can actually be found that even today the State does not provide a solution

Principle of decentralization and territorial autonomy: analysis of the municipal category of capital cities created under organic law 2082 of 2021.

El presente artículo tiene como finalidad estudiar la Ley Orgánica de Ordenamiento Territorial 2082 de 2021 acerca de la creación de la figura jurídica de las Ciudades Capitales y su inferencia con los principios rectores de la descentralización y autonomía territorial. Se parte de comprender que la norma en mención busca crear un régimen especial que permita la creación con personería jurídica de organizaciones dedicadas a la adecuada regulación de la norma. No obstante, a la finalidad de la norma, esta poco o nada cumple con ser una verdadera ley que cambie el paradigma de la ciudad dentro del territorio colombiano, muestra de ello es que se obtuvo como resultados que la Ley 2082 no cumple con la aplicación de la Carta Iberoamericana en gestión pública, así como tampoco los parámetros constitucionales sobre competencia en materia de autorregulación de los territorios. En este sentido la investigacion permite aporte nuevas concepciones desde la teoría, acerca del estado actual del marco jurídico territorial en Colombia, creando consigo aspectos que pueden ser mejorados.Universidad Libre Seccional Socorro -- Facultad de derecho, ciencias políticas y sociales -- Especialización en derecho administrativoThe purpose of this article is to study the Organic Law of Territorial Organization 2082 of 2021 about the creation of the legal figure of Capital Cities and its inference with the guiding principles of decentralization and territorial autonomy. It starts from understanding that the norm in question seeks to create a special regime that allows the creation with legal status of organizations dedicated to the adequate regulation of the norm. However, for the purpose of the regulation, this little or nothing complies with being a true law that changes the paradigm of the city within Colombian territory, an example of this is that it was obtained as results that Law 2082 does not comply with the application of the Ibero-American Charter on public management, as well as the constitutional parameters on competence in matters of self-regulation of the territories. In this sense, the research allows the contribution of new conceptions from the theory, about the current state of the territorial legal framework in Colombia, creating with it aspects that can be improved

Principio de equilibrio y economía contractual: análisis a partir de las teorías de la imprevisión y el hecho del príncipe

This research article seeks to carry out a conceptual study of the principle of equilibrium and contractual economy from a merely jurisprudential and normative point of view. Therefore, the very purpose of the writing allows the reader to understand the composition and role of the principialistic scheme that state contracting has within the Colombian State and when, due to the violation of the principles of balance and economy of the contract, the interests may be affected. general and particular of those immersed in the legal business. So that the analysis allows expressing specific cases where the imbalance of the contract leads to the generation of the theory of unpredictability and the fact of the prince and subsequently carry out such situations outside the litigation of the judicial courts due to contractual disputes.El presente artículo realiza un estudio de tipo conceptual al principio de equilibrio y economía contractual desde una óptica meramente jurisprudencial y normativa. El fin mismo del escrito permite comprender la composición y papel del esquema principialistico que tiene la contratación Estatal dentro del Estado colombiano y cuando a razón del quebranto de los principios de equilibrio y economía del contrato, pueden verse afectados los intereses generales y particulares de aquellos inmersos en el negocio jurídico. De forma que el análisis permite expresar casos concretos donde el desequilibrio del contrato lleva a la generación de la teoría de la imprevisión y el hecho del príncipe y posteriormente llevar tales situaciones al margen litigioso de los estrados judiciales por temas de controversias contractuales

Principle of balance and contractual: analysis from the theories of imprevision and the fact of the prince

El presente artículo realiza un estudio de tipo conceptual al principio de equilibrio y economía contractual desde una óptica meramente jurisprudencial y normativa. El fin mismo del escrito permite comprender la composición y papel del esquema principialistico que tiene la contratación Estatal dentro del Estado colombiano y cuando a razón del quebranto de los principios de equilibrio y economía del contrato, pueden verse afectados los intereses generales y particulares de aquellos inmersos en el negocio jurídico. De forma que el análisis permite expresar casos concretos donde el desequilibrio del contrato lleva a la generación de la teoría de la imprevisión y el hecho del príncipe y posteriormente llevar tales situaciones al margen litigioso de los estrados judiciales por temas de controversias contractuales.This research article seeks to carry out a conceptual study of the principle of equilibrium and contractual economy from a merely jurisprudential and normative point of view. Therefore, the very purpose of the writing allows the reader to understand the composition and role of the principialistic scheme that state contracting has within the Colombian State and when, due to the violation of the principles of balance and economy of the contract, the interests may be affected. general and particular of those immersed in the legal business. So that the analysis allows expressing specific cases where the imbalance of the contract leads to the generation of the theory of unpredictability and the fact of the prince and subsequently carry out such situations outside the litigation of the judicial courts due to contractual disputes

Prospective observational cohort study on grading the severity of postoperative complications in global surgery research

Background The Clavien–Dindo classification is perhaps the most widely used approach for reporting postoperative complications in clinical trials. This system classifies complication severity by the treatment provided. However, it is unclear whether the Clavien–Dindo system can be used internationally in studies across differing healthcare systems in high- (HICs) and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods This was a secondary analysis of the International Surgical Outcomes Study (ISOS), a prospective observational cohort study of elective surgery in adults. Data collection occurred over a 7-day period. Severity of complications was graded using Clavien–Dindo and the simpler ISOS grading (mild, moderate or severe, based on guided investigator judgement). Severity grading was compared using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Data are presented as frequencies and ICC values (with 95 per cent c.i.). The analysis was stratified by income status of the country, comparing HICs with LMICs. Results A total of 44 814 patients were recruited from 474 hospitals in 27 countries (19 HICs and 8 LMICs). Some 7508 patients (16·8 per cent) experienced at least one postoperative complication, equivalent to 11 664 complications in total. Using the ISOS classification, 5504 of 11 664 complications (47·2 per cent) were graded as mild, 4244 (36·4 per cent) as moderate and 1916 (16·4 per cent) as severe. Using Clavien–Dindo, 6781 of 11 664 complications (58·1 per cent) were graded as I or II, 1740 (14·9 per cent) as III, 2408 (20·6 per cent) as IV and 735 (6·3 per cent) as V. Agreement between classification systems was poor overall (ICC 0·41, 95 per cent c.i. 0·20 to 0·55), and in LMICs (ICC 0·23, 0·05 to 0·38) and HICs (ICC 0·46, 0·25 to 0·59). Conclusion Caution is recommended when using a treatment approach to grade complications in global surgery studies, as this may introduce bias unintentionally

The surgical safety checklist and patient outcomes after surgery: a prospective observational cohort study, systematic review and meta-analysis

© 2017 British Journal of Anaesthesia Background: The surgical safety checklist is widely used to improve the quality of perioperative care. However, clinicians continue to debate the clinical effectiveness of this tool. Methods: Prospective analysis of data from the International Surgical Outcomes Study (ISOS), an international observational study of elective in-patient surgery, accompanied by a systematic review and meta-analysis of published literature. The exposure was surgical safety checklist use. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality and the secondary outcome was postoperative complications. In the ISOS cohort, a multivariable multi-level generalized linear model was used to test associations. To further contextualise these findings, we included the results from the ISOS cohort in a meta-analysis. Results are reported as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals. Results: We included 44 814 patients from 497 hospitals in 27 countries in the ISOS analysis. There were 40 245 (89.8%) patients exposed to the checklist, whilst 7508 (16.8%) sustained ≥1 postoperative complications and 207 (0.5%) died before hospital discharge. Checklist exposure was associated with reduced mortality [odds ratio (OR) 0.49 (0.32–0.77); P\u3c0.01], but no difference in complication rates [OR 1.02 (0.88–1.19); P=0.75]. In a systematic review, we screened 3732 records and identified 11 eligible studies of 453 292 patients including the ISOS cohort. Checklist exposure was associated with both reduced postoperative mortality [OR 0.75 (0.62–0.92); P\u3c0.01; I2=87%] and reduced complication rates [OR 0.73 (0.61–0.88); P\u3c0.01; I2=89%). Conclusions: Patients exposed to a surgical safety checklist experience better postoperative outcomes, but this could simply reflect wider quality of care in hospitals where checklist use is routine

Critical care admission following elective surgery was not associated with survival benefit: prospective analysis of data from 27 countries

This was an investigator initiated study funded by Nestle Health Sciences through an unrestricted research grant, and by a National Institute for Health Research (UK) Professorship held by RP. The study was sponsored by Queen Mary University of London