Konstrukcija, validacija i primjena bilateralnih kinezioloških testova za procjenu razine lokomotornih i manipulativnih motoričkih znanja kod sedmogodišnjaka : doktorska disertacija

Glavni cilj ovoga istraživanja je konstrukcija i validacija bilateralnih kinezioloških testova za procjenu razine lokomotornih i manipulativnih motoričkih znanja kod sedmogodišnjaka. Uzorak ispitanika sačinjavalo je 78 djece (35 djevojčica i 43 dječaka) kronološke dobi 7 godina (+/- 6 mjeseci). Na svim ispitanicima primijenjena je skupina od 6 novokonstruiranih bilateralnih testova: tri za procjenu lokomotornih motoričkih znanja, i tri za procjenu manipulativnih motoričkih znanja. Analizirane su morfološke karakteristike, bazične motoričke vještine, sposobnost manipuliranja lijevom i desnom stranom tijela, posturalni status, kineziološki aktivitet i sedentarne aktivnosti. Novokonstruirani lokomotorni i manipulativni testovi primijenjeni su kroz tri točke mjerenja u tri mjeseca. Za utvrđivanje postavljenih ciljeva i ispitivanje hipoteza istraživanja utvrđene u metrijske karakteristike novokonstruiranih testova (osjetljivost, homogenost, pouzdanost), te su korištene sljedeće metode obrade podataka: T-test, multipla regresijska analiza, kanonička korelacijska analiza, te korelacijska analiza. Prema analiziranim rezultatima: (1) Dobiveni su metrijski zadovoljavajući testovi za procjenu lokomotornih i manipulativnih motoričkih znanja kod sedmogodišnjaka; (2) Razlike između dječaka i djevojčica evidentirane su samo kod testova za procjenu manipulativnih motoričkih znanja; (3) Nije utvrđena značajna povezanost morfoloških karakteristika, skupa varijabli za procjenu tjelesnog držanja te rezultata testova na Pegboard testu sa novokonstruiranim testovima; (4) Utvrđena je značajna povezanost nekih novokonstruiranih testova sa motoričkim vještinama; (5) postoji značajna povezanost gotovo svih novokonstruiranih testova sa kineziološkim aktivitetom. U konačnici, bez obzira da li se kao trenažni cilj postavlja lokomotorna i motorno manipulativna dominacija jedne ili jednakost obiju strana tijela, novokonstruirani testovi imaju svoju praktičnu primjenu. Kao dijagnostički, i testovi tranzitivnih promjena, kao indikator programiranja trenažnog procesa, te pri usmjeravanju djece u sportske aktivnosti. Dobivene razlike po spolu u izvedbi manipulativnih znanja u korist dječaka upućuju na važnost koedukacije, i rada u homogeniziranim grupama te potrebu kineziološki utemeljenog planiranja i programiranja u nastavi TZK već u dobi od sedam godina. Ukupan neorganizirani kineziološki aktivitet djece utječe na razinu izvođenja lokomotornih i manipulativnih motoričkih znanja, pa tako i na ukupnu motoričku ambidekstriju kod djece u dobi od sedam godina.The main objective of this study is a design and validation of bilateral kinesiology tests to assess the level of locomotor and manipulative motor skills in seven year olds. The sample consisted of 78 children (35 girls and 43 boys) aged 7 years (+/- 6 months). For all subjects we applied a set of six newly designed bilateral tests: three to assess the locomotor motor skills, and three for the assessment of manipulative motor skills. We analyzed morphological features, fundamental motor skills, the ability to manipulate left and right side of the body, postural status, physical and sedentary activities. Newly designed locomotor and manipulative tests were monitored through a three-point measuring within three months. In order to determine the objectives and testing of the study hypothesis, we used the following methods of data processing: the metric characteristics (sensitivity, homogeneity, and reliability), T-test, multiple regression analysis, canonical correlation analysis and correlation analysis. According to the results analyzed: (1) satisfactory metrically satisfying tests to assess the locomotor and manipulative motor skills in seven year olds were obtained; (2) differences between boys and girls were recorded only in tests for manipulative motor skill assessment; (3) there was no significant correlation between morphological features, set of variables for body posture assessment, nor the results of Pegboard test with newly designed tests; (4) Significant correlation of some newly designed tests and motor skills was determined; (5) there is a significant correlation between almost all newly designed tests and physical activity. Ultimately, regardless of whether the training objective was locomotor and motor manipulative domination of one or the equality of both sides of the body, newly constructed tests have their practical use as diagnostic and tests of transitive changes, they are applicable as an indicator of the training process programming and in guiding children into sport activities. The differences by gender in the performance of manipulative skills in favor of boys indicate the importance of coeducation and work in homogenized groups and the need OF kinesiology-based planning and programming in the teaching of physical education yet in the age of seven. Totally unorganized physical activity of children affects the level of performance of locomotor and manipulative motor skills, including the overall motor ambidexterity in seven year old children

Poligon prepreka u funkciji procjene biotičkih motoričkih znanja šestogodišnjaka

The study was conducted in order to determine the appropriateness of assessment of the level of fundamental movement skill development of six-year-old children by using an obstacle polygon. In accordance with the aim of the study, a sample of 78 six-year-old pupils (39 boys and 39 girls) was used. Through high inter-item correlation and high Cronbach\u27s alpha coefficient, the results clearly indicate excellent reliability of the measuring instrument. Furthermore, normality of the distribution clearly points to the good discriminative power of the polygon. The t-test showed no differences between boys and girls in both the applied polygon and morphological features. The results of the multiple regression analysis with two predictors showed no impact of the used morphological features on the performance of fundamental movement skill assessment manifested through the obstacle polygon. The obtained results clearly point to a very high applicability of the polygon in the physical education curriculum as an instrument for assessment and verification of fundamental movement skills among six-year-old children. Istraživanje je provedeno s ciljem utvrđivanja prikladnosti i mogućnosti procjene stupnja razvijenosti biotičkih motoričkih znanja šestogodišnjaka koristeći se poligonom prepreka. U skladu s navedenim koristit će se uzorak od 78 učenika (39 dječaka, 39 djevojčica) u dobi od 6 godina. Kroz visoke iner-item korelacije i visoki Chronbach alpha koeficijent, rezultati jasno ukazuju na zadovoljavajuću pouzdanost mjernog instrumenta. Nadalje, rezultati KS testa jasno ukazuju na dobru strukturu odnosno osjetljivost poligona. T-testom je utvrđeno nepostojanje razlika između dječaka i djevojčica kako u primijenjenom poligonu tako i u morfološkim karakteristikama. Nadalje, rezultati višestruke regresijske analize sa dva prediktora pokazali su da ne postoji utjecaj morfoloških karakteristika na izvedbu poligona za procjenu biotičkih motoričkih znanja. Dobiveni rezultati nedvosmisleno ukazuju na praktičnost i primjenjivost poligona u nastavnom procesu tjelesne i zdravstvene kulture kao sredstva za procjenu i provjeru biotičkih motoričkih znanja

Konstrukcija, validacija i primjena bilateralnih kinezioloških testova za procjenu razine lokomotornih i manipulativnih motoričkih znanja kod sedmogodišnjaka : doktorska disertacija

Glavni cilj ovoga istraživanja je konstrukcija i validacija bilateralnih kinezioloških testova za procjenu razine lokomotornih i manipulativnih motoričkih znanja kod sedmogodišnjaka. Uzorak ispitanika sačinjavalo je 78 djece (35 djevojčica i 43 dječaka) kronološke dobi 7 godina (+/- 6 mjeseci). Na svim ispitanicima primijenjena je skupina od 6 novokonstruiranih bilateralnih testova: tri za procjenu lokomotornih motoričkih znanja, i tri za procjenu manipulativnih motoričkih znanja. Analizirane su morfološke karakteristike, bazične motoričke vještine, sposobnost manipuliranja lijevom i desnom stranom tijela, posturalni status, kineziološki aktivitet i sedentarne aktivnosti. Novokonstruirani lokomotorni i manipulativni testovi primijenjeni su kroz tri točke mjerenja u tri mjeseca. Za utvrđivanje postavljenih ciljeva i ispitivanje hipoteza istraživanja utvrđene u metrijske karakteristike novokonstruiranih testova (osjetljivost, homogenost, pouzdanost), te su korištene sljedeće metode obrade podataka: T-test, multipla regresijska analiza, kanonička korelacijska analiza, te korelacijska analiza. Prema analiziranim rezultatima: (1) Dobiveni su metrijski zadovoljavajući testovi za procjenu lokomotornih i manipulativnih motoričkih znanja kod sedmogodišnjaka; (2) Razlike između dječaka i djevojčica evidentirane su samo kod testova za procjenu manipulativnih motoričkih znanja; (3) Nije utvrđena značajna povezanost morfoloških karakteristika, skupa varijabli za procjenu tjelesnog držanja te rezultata testova na Pegboard testu sa novokonstruiranim testovima; (4) Utvrđena je značajna povezanost nekih novokonstruiranih testova sa motoričkim vještinama; (5) postoji značajna povezanost gotovo svih novokonstruiranih testova sa kineziološkim aktivitetom. U konačnici, bez obzira da li se kao trenažni cilj postavlja lokomotorna i motorno manipulativna dominacija jedne ili jednakost obiju strana tijela, novokonstruirani testovi imaju svoju praktičnu primjenu. Kao dijagnostički, i testovi tranzitivnih promjena, kao indikator programiranja trenažnog procesa, te pri usmjeravanju djece u sportske aktivnosti. Dobivene razlike po spolu u izvedbi manipulativnih znanja u korist dječaka upućuju na važnost koedukacije, i rada u homogeniziranim grupama te potrebu kineziološki utemeljenog planiranja i programiranja u nastavi TZK već u dobi od sedam godina. Ukupan neorganizirani kineziološki aktivitet djece utječe na razinu izvođenja lokomotornih i manipulativnih motoričkih znanja, pa tako i na ukupnu motoričku ambidekstriju kod djece u dobi od sedam godina.The main objective of this study is a design and validation of bilateral kinesiology tests to assess the level of locomotor and manipulative motor skills in seven year olds. The sample consisted of 78 children (35 girls and 43 boys) aged 7 years (+/- 6 months). For all subjects we applied a set of six newly designed bilateral tests: three to assess the locomotor motor skills, and three for the assessment of manipulative motor skills. We analyzed morphological features, fundamental motor skills, the ability to manipulate left and right side of the body, postural status, physical and sedentary activities. Newly designed locomotor and manipulative tests were monitored through a three-point measuring within three months. In order to determine the objectives and testing of the study hypothesis, we used the following methods of data processing: the metric characteristics (sensitivity, homogeneity, and reliability), T-test, multiple regression analysis, canonical correlation analysis and correlation analysis. According to the results analyzed: (1) satisfactory metrically satisfying tests to assess the locomotor and manipulative motor skills in seven year olds were obtained; (2) differences between boys and girls were recorded only in tests for manipulative motor skill assessment; (3) there was no significant correlation between morphological features, set of variables for body posture assessment, nor the results of Pegboard test with newly designed tests; (4) Significant correlation of some newly designed tests and motor skills was determined; (5) there is a significant correlation between almost all newly designed tests and physical activity. Ultimately, regardless of whether the training objective was locomotor and motor manipulative domination of one or the equality of both sides of the body, newly constructed tests have their practical use as diagnostic and tests of transitive changes, they are applicable as an indicator of the training process programming and in guiding children into sport activities. The differences by gender in the performance of manipulative skills in favor of boys indicate the importance of coeducation and work in homogenized groups and the need OF kinesiology-based planning and programming in the teaching of physical education yet in the age of seven. Totally unorganized physical activity of children affects the level of performance of locomotor and manipulative motor skills, including the overall motor ambidexterity in seven year old children

RAZLIKE SOCIOLOŠKIH INDIKATORA UČENICA I UČENIKA GIMNAZIJA

Problem of this research was determination of differences in sociological struc- ture indicators of male and female pupils connected with their institutional, residential, sanction and management status. An idea was to investigate and offer adequate conclu- sions needed for several educational and other institutions for easier approach to such population. In this research we surround two samples of entities: 647 female and 400 male students of grammar school described with 52 indicators. Data were collected with questionnaire. After normalization and elementary statistics data were processed with Data were processed by normalization, elementary statistics, and for this work purposes it was Analysis of variance for independent samples applied for group differences inve- stigation. Results have shown that girls be rather stay at home, try to ensure some kind of security and much more altruists then male students. Male students, on the contrary, rather move around, follow fashion trends, manage in society and school learning and finally want a reward for their activities. Those results explain existing of traditional acceptance of male-female relationships with woman oriented toward house and man toward their goals. It is a real question of natural measure of such position and maybe it is just a traditional surround position product. It is suggested detail investigation and confirmation of such results in the future

Status and Trends of Physical Activity Surveillance, Policy, and Research in 164 Countries: Findings From the Global Observatory for Physical Activity—GoPA! 2015 and 2020 Surveys

Background: Physical activity (PA) surveillance, policy, and research efforts need to be periodically appraised to gain insight into national and global capacities for PA promotion. The aim of this paper was to assess the status and trends in PA surveillance, policy, and research in 164 countries. Methods: We used data from the Global Observatory for Physical Activity (GoPA!) 2015 and 2020 surveys. Comprehensive searches were performed for each country to determine the level of development of their PA surveillance, policy, and research, and the findings were verified by the GoPA! Country Contacts. Trends were analyzed based on the data available for both survey years. Results: The global 5-year progress in all 3 indicators was modest, with most countries either improving or staying at the same level. PA surveillance, policy, and research improved or remained at a high level in 48.1%, 40.6%, and 42.1% of the countries, respectively. PA surveillance, policy, and research scores decreased or remained at a low level in 8.3%, 15.8%, and 28.6% of the countries, respectively. The highest capacity for PA promotion was found in Europe, the lowest in Africa and low- and lower-middle-income countries. Although a large percentage of the world’s population benefit from at least some PA policy, surveillance, and research efforts in their countries, 49.6 million people are without PA surveillance, 629.4 million people are without PA policy, and 108.7 million live in countries without any PA research output. A total of 6.3 billion people or 88.2% of the world’s population live in countries where PA promotion capacity should be significantly improved. Conclusion: Despite PA is essential for health, there are large inequalities between countries and world regions in their capacity to promote PA. Coordinated efforts are needed to reduce the inequalities and improve the global capacity for PA promotion.</jats:p