The multicommodity traveling salesman problem with priority prizes: a mathematical model and metaheuristics

Artigo científico.The classic Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) only considers the costs involved in the routes and does not differentiate products or customers. Logistic companies face conflict between operational costs, customers with different categories of products, and customer satisfaction, which is directly related to delivery time. This paper presents a new mathematical model for a TSP with variable costs and priority prizes, taking into account the customer’s product and preference values. This problem is denoted as the Multicommodity Traveling Salesman Problem with Priority Prizes (MTSPPP). Two versions of the Biased Random-Key Genetic Algorithm (BRKGA) are proposed to solve medium and large instances of the MTSPPP. Computational tests were performed, using modified instances based on classical TSP instances. The proposed methods have proved to be efficient in solving the MTSPPP.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Romifidina ou xilazina associadas à quetamina em cães premedicados com levomepromazina

The cardiorespiratory and analgesic effects of romifidine or xylazine combined with ketamine was investigated in dogs. Dogs were premedicated with 1.0 mg/kg of methotrimeprazine IV, followed by 0.1 mg/kg of romifidine (n = 8) or 1.0 mg/kg of xylazine (n = 8) and 15 mg/kg of ketamine IM, using a double blind randomised design. Dogs of both groups developed hypothermia, bradycardia, slight hypotension and reduction in respiratory rate and minute volume. There were minimal changes in end tidal CO2 and O2 saturation. There were no differences either in time or between the groups in pH, PaO2, and blood biochemistry. The reflexes to pain were reduced until 30-45 minutes of anaesthesia in both groups. Twelve bitches were divided in two groups as above and underwent ovariohysterectomy. Recovery was longer after romifidine/ketamine when compared to xylazine/ketamine in both studies. Although these anaesthetic protocols produced minimal cardiorespiratory changes, the quality of anaesthesia was not ideal for ovariohysterectomy.Investigaram-se neste estudo os efeitos cardiorrespiratório e analgésico da associação de romifidina ou xilazina com a quetamina em cães. Dezesseis cães receberam como medicação pré-anestésica 1,0 mg/kg de levomepromazina IV, seguido de 0,1 mg/kg de romifidina (n = 8) ou 1,0 mg/kg de xilazina (n = 8) associadas a 15 mg/kg de quetamina IM, utilizando-se protocolo aleatório de seleção dos grupos, em estudo duplo cego. Os cães de ambos os grupos apresentaram hipotermia, bradicardia, leve hipotensão e redução da freqüência respiratória e volume minuto. Poucas alterações foram observadas na concentração de CO2 expirada e na saturação de O2 na hemoglobina. Os valores de pH, PaO2 e bioquímica sangüínea não apresentaram diferenças ao longo do tempo em cada grupo ou entre os grupos. Os reflexos dolorosos permaneceram reduzidos por até 30 a 45 minutos após a aplicação dos alfa-2 agonistas e quetamina. Doze cadelas foram divididas em dois grupos, anestesiadas como acima e foram submetidas a ovarioisterectomia. A recuperação foi mais longa nas cadelas tratadas com romifidina/quetamina. Embora estes protocolos anestésicos tenham produzido mínimas alterações cardiorrespiratórias, a qualidade da anestesia não foi ideal para ovarioisterectomia

MEMÓRIA E DESTERRO EM RIACHO DOCE: UMA LEITURA PSICANALÍTICA

Este artigo apresenta uma leitura psicanalítica de Riacho Doce, romance escrito por José Lins do Rego. Centrando nosso interesse crítico no personagem de Edna, buscamos demonstrar como seu desejo, estruturado por um desterro metafísico, formula a própria condição moderna, responsável por afetar as personagens do romance, sobretudo a de Edna, em cujos problemas e conflitos a narrativa se centra. Assumindo, como ponto de vista crítico, a compreensão psicanalítica das subjetividades modernas, que são, de acordo com Lukács (2009), por assim dizer amaldiçoadas pela ânsia impossível por desejos autênticos, cuja ausência define a estrutura mesma da modernidade, argumentamos que esta condição se dá a ver na melancolia de Edna. É, portanto, a transformação de memória, melancolia e desterro em um dispositivo literário que confere modernidade estética ao romance, vista sobretudo nos desejos fragmentados dos personagens, em que é possível reconhecer os elementos constitutivos da individualidade moderna, tal como pensada, dentre outros, por Freud (2010, 2019, 2020) e Birman (2019, 2020).Palavras-chave: Riacho Doce; José Lins do Rego; Psicanálise; Memória; Desterro.DOI: https://doi.org/10.47295/mgren.v10i2.3144

Synthesis and Frictional Characteristics of Bio-Based Lubricants Obtained from Fatty Acids of Castor Oil

The depletion of oil reserves and concerns about the environmental impact of the use and incorrect disposal of mineral lubricants have been promoting the development of bio-based lubricants. In this study, biolubricants obtained from fatty acids of castor oil were synthesized by esterification (>wt.%93), epoxidation (>wt.%92), and oxirane ring opening reactions using water (>wt.%92) or 2-ethylhexanol (>wt.%94) as nucleophilic agents. The frictional characteristics of the synthesized samples were obtained through tribological tests performed in a four-ball tester and compared with a commercial mineral oil. The sample obtained through oxirane ring opening with water showed the best frictional performance (FC = 0.0699 ± 0.0007) among the prepared samples, with equivalent wear rate (WSD = 281.2 ± 5.54 μm) and ca. 20% lower friction coefficient when compared to the commercial mineral oil, indicating its great potential for replacing mineral fossil oils.We thank CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico) Projects: 304950/2019-0 (Tavares de Luna, F.M.), 309046/2018-1 (Loureiro Cavalcante, C., Jr.) and FUNCAP (Fundação Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico) Project E1-0079-0004301 for financial support for this study. Ribeiro-Filho thanks the FAPEMA (Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa e ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico do Maranhão) Project 01131/18 (Campos Flexa Ribeiro Filho, P.R.) and Universidade Estadual do Maranhão (UEMA) for financial support. E.R.-C. thanks Junta de Andalucía, project P20-00375 and FEDER funds. Partial funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málag

NOSSA CIVILIZAÇÃO: VALE A PENA SALVÁ-LA?

Tradução do texto "NOSSA CIVILIZAÇÃO: VALE A PENA SALVÁ-LA?[1]", de Lucy Parsons. Originalmente publicado em 1885, no periódico The Alarm (Chicago, EUA).[1] Versão original disponível em: https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/lucy-e-parsons-our-civilizatio

Development, Validation, and Reliability of a Sedation Scale in Horses (EquiSed)

The lack of standardization of sedation scales in horses limits the reproducibility between different studies. This prospective, randomized, blinded, horizontal and controlled trial aimed to validate a scale for sedation in horses (EquiSed). Seven horses were treated with intravenous detomidine in low/high doses alone (DL 2.5 μg/kg + 6.25 μg/kg/h; DH 5 μg/kg +12.5 μg/kg/h) or associated with methadone (DLM and DHM, 0.2 mg/kg + 0.05 mg/kg/h) and with low (ACPL 0.02 mg/kg) or high (ACPH 0.09 mg/kg) doses of acepromazine alone. Horses were filmed at (i) baseline (ii) peak, (iii) intermediate, and (iv) end of sedation immediately before auditory, visual and pressure stimuli were applied and postural instability evaluated for another study. Videos were randomized and blindly evaluated by four evaluators in two phases with 1-month interval. Intra- and interobserver reliability of the sum of EquiSed (Intraclass correlation coefficient) ranged between 0.84–0.94 and 0.45–0.88, respectively. The criterion validity was endorsed by the high Spearman correlation between the EquiSed and visual analog (0.77), numerical rating (0.76), and simple descriptive scales (0.70), and average correlation with head height above the ground (HHAG) (−0.52). The Friedman test confirmed the EquiSed responsiveness over time. The principal component analysis showed that all items of the scale had a load factor ≥ 0.50. The item-total Spearman correlation for all items ranged from 0.3 to 0.5, and the internal consistency was good (Cronbach's α = 0.73). The area under the curve of EquiSed HHAG as a predictive diagnostic measure was 0.88. The sensitivity of the EquiSed calculated according to the cut-off point (score 7 of the sum of the EquiSed) determined by the receiver operating characteristic curve, was 96% and specificity was 83%. EquiSed has good intra- and interobserver reliabilities and is valid to evaluate tranquilization and sedation in horses

Resultado do tratamento de 119 cães e gatos atendidos pelo serviço de acupuntura da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, Brasil

O serviço de acupuntura veterinária foi iniciado no ano de 2000 na Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia - Universidade Estadual de São Paulo, Brasil. Durante os anos de 2001 e 2002, 119 pacientes veterinários foram tratados incluindo cães (112) e gatos (7), machos (64) e fêmeas (55) com idade média de 5,9 anos. Os tratamentos incluíram o uso de acupuntura, eletroacupuntura, moxibustão, implante de ouro, homeopatia, ervas chinesas e suas associações. A maioria dos animais era sem raça definida e de raças de pequeno porte como teckels, pinschers e poodles. Os casos foram encaminhados por colegas do Hospital Veterinário para tratamento de vários problemas, tais como neurológicos, musculoesqueléticos, dermatológicos, gastrointestinais, neoplasias, doenças hepáticas, renais, pulmonares, auditivas, oftalmológicas, sangüíneas e reprodutivas. Ao todo, os animais tiveram uma taxa de recuperação de 63% após 7,6 sessões semanais de acupuntura em média, 10% vieram a óbito por causas não relacionadas ao motivo do tratamento, 38% não continuaram com as sessões e 14% ainda estão sob tratamento. As doenças mais tratadas foram neurológicas (63%) e/ou musculoesqueléticas (7 e 10%, respectivamente). Nas doenças neurológicas, 65,8% dos animais tratados melhoraram, 15% ainda estão sob tratamento e 18% não continuaram. Nas doenças musculoesqueléticas, 75% dos animais melhoraram e 8,3% ainda estão sob tratamento. Estes dados nos mostram que as principais indicações para o uso da acupuntura em nossa rotina são doenças neurológicas e musculoesqueléticas; e que nós obtivemos uma taxa média de recuperação desses pacientes de 79,6%.The veterinary acupuncture unit started in 2000 at Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science - University of São Paulo State, Brazil. During 2001 and 2002, 119 veterinary patients were treated including dogs (112) and cats (7), males (64) and females (55) with a mean age of 5.9 years. The treatments included the use of acupuncture, eletroacupuncture, moxibustion, gold implant, homeopathy, Chinese herbs and its associations. The majority of animals were crossbred dogs and small breed dogs such as teckels, pinschers and poodles. Cases were referred from colleagues of the Veterinary Hospital with several diseases such as neurological, musculoskeletal, skin, gastrointestinal, neoplasias, liver, kidney, lung, ear, eye, blood and reproduction diseases. All animals had a recovery rate of 63% after a mean of 7.6 weekly acupuncture sessions per animal, 10% died of unrelated diseases during treatment, 38% did not go on with the acupuncture sessions and 14% are still under treatment. The main diseases treated were neurological (63%) and musculoskeletal related problems (10%) or its associations (7%). For the neurological diseases, 65.8% of the animals treated got better after treatment, 15% are still being treated and 18% did not go on with the treatment. From the animals treated for musculoskeletal problems, 75% got better with the treatment, 8.3% are still under treatment. These data show that routinely the principal indications for acupuncture are neurological and/or musculoskeletal related diseases and that we obtained a mean of 79.6% of recovery in these neurological and/or musculoskeletal patients

Development and validation of the facial scale (FaceSed) to evaluate sedation in horses

Although facial characteristics are used to estimate horse sedation, there are no studies measuring their reliability and validity. This randomised controlled, prospective, horizontal study aimed to validate a facial sedation scale for horses (FaceSed). Seven horses received detomidine infusion i.v. in low or high doses/rates alone (DL 2.5 μg/kg+6.25 μg/kg/h; DH 5 μg/kg+12.5 μg/kg/h) or combined with methadone (DLM and DHM, 0.2 mg/kg+0.05 mg/kg/h) for 120 min, or acepromazine boli i.v. in low (ACPL 0.02 mg/kg) or high doses (ACPH 0.09 mg/kg). Horses’ faces were photographed at i) baseline, ii) peak, iii) intermediate, and iv) end of sedation. After randomisation of moments and treatments, photos were sent to four evaluators to assess the FaceSed items (ear position, orbital opening, relaxation of the lower and upper lip) twice, within a one-month interval. The intraclass correlation coefficient of intra- and interobserver reliability of FaceSed scores were good to very good (0.74–0.94) and moderate to very good (0.57–0.87), respectively. Criterion validity based on Spearman correlation between the FaceSed versus the numerical rating scale and head height above the ground were 0.92 and -0.75, respectively. All items and the FaceSed total score showed responsiveness (construct validity). According to the principal component analysis all FaceSed items had load factors >0.50 at the first dimension. The high internal consistency (Cronbach´s α = 0.83) indicated good intercorrelation among items. Item-total Spearman correlation was adequate (rho 0.3–0.73), indicating homogeneity of the scale. All items showed sensitivity (0.82–0.97) to detect sedation, however only orbital opening (0.79) and upper lip relaxation (0.82) were specific to detect absence of sedation. The limitations were that the facial expression was performed using photos, which do not represent the facial movement and the horses were docile, which may have reduced specificity. The FaceSed is a valid and reliable tool to assess tranquilisation and sedation in horses