Redução do efetivo na GNR: Como aumentar a eficiência com menos meios e a mesma missão

A contínua redução de efetivo militar na Guarda Nacional Republicana, tem provocado limitações ao nível do preenchimento do quadro orgânico dos Comandos Territoriais, bem como, ao nível do cumprimento do serviço operacional. Como objetivo geral, este Trabalho de Investigação Aplicada visa apurar se é possível aumentar a eficiência no serviço territorial, dispondo de menos meios humanos e assegurando a mesma missão. Para tal, foi elaborada uma questão de partida e as suas questões derivadas, e ainda, as hipóteses de investigação. A metodologia utilizada tem como base a identificação dos dois Comandos Territoriais que apresentam as duas maiores percentagens de défice de preenchimento dos seus quadros orgânicos e neste âmbito, foi selecionado o Comando Territorial de Beja e o Comando Territorial da Guarda. Posteriormente, realizou-se uma entrevista exploratória ao Diretor dos Recursos Humanos e foram comparados os valores numéricos do Quadro Orgânico de Referência de 2010 e os efetivos totais constantes do Mapa Geral do Efetivo disponibilizado pela Direção de Recursos Humanos. Por forma a alcançar os objetivos traçados, entrevistaram-se nestas duas Unidades os Comandantes, os Chefes das Secções de Recursos Humanos e Justiça, os Chefes das Secções de Operações, Treino e Relações Públicas e também, os Comandantes de Destacamento. Este Trabalho de Investigação Aplicada está dividido em quatro partes. A primeira parte, designada por Parte Introdutória, compreende a introdução propriamente dita através do enquadramento da investigação, destaca a importância e a justificação da escolha do tema, enuncia os objetivos, a questão de partida, as questões derivadas e as hipóteses de investigação, sintetiza a metodologia utilizada ao longo de todo o trabalho e descreve a estrutura da organização do mesmo. Na Parte Teórica são escalpelizados os conceitos teóricos mais importantes relativos aos recursos humanos e sua gestão, assim como, é feita uma análise alusiva à evolução dos recursos humanos militares e uma caraterização dos Comandos Territoriais de Beja e da Guarda. Por sua vez, a parte prática integra a metodologia e procedimentos utilizados na investigação e comporta a análise, apresentação e interpretação dos resultados obtidos nas entrevistas. Por fim, na Parte Conclusiva estão expostas as respostas às questões levantadas inicialmente, a confirmação ou refutação das suas hipóteses de investigação e as reflexões finais do estudo. São também enunciadas, apenas como demonstração teórica, as propostas de implementação no dispositivo territorial dos dois Comandos Territoriais alvo deste estudo, são referidas as limitações encontradas no decorrer de todo o trabalho e enunciadas algumas sugestões para futuras investigações. Os resultados mais relevantes e as principais conclusões alcançadas retratam a necessidade de adotar medidas que contrariem a diminuição de recursos humanos militares a que temos assistido. Relativamente à atividade operacional neste cenário de défice no quadro orgânico das Unidades territoriais, concluímos que é possível aumentar a sua eficiência, caso sejam operacionalizadas algumas modalidades de ação alternativas. De igual modo concluímos que a missão da Guarda Nacional Republicana nos dois Comandos Territoriais em estudo, não está colocada em causa, mesmo com os baixos valores de efetivos militares de que dispõe atualmente.The continuous reduction of military personnel in the National Republican Guard (Guarda Nacional Republicana), has caused limitations to the level of completion of the organic framework of Territorial Commands, as well as at the level of fulfillment of operational service. The major objective of this Applied Research Work aims to determine whether it is possible to increase efficiency in territorial service, with less resources and ensuring the same mission. In order to structure the applied research and, as a way to defuse the study an initial question was given that led to some derived questions and hypotheses. The methodology employed is based on the identification of the two Territorial Commands that have the two largest deficit percentages of completion of their organic frameworks and in this context, we will study Beja´s Territorial Command and Guarda´s Territorial Command. Therefore, we have conducted an exploratory interview with the Director of Human Resources and then compared the numerical values of the Organic Framework of Reference of 2010 and the total effective listed in the general statement of the Human Resources Management. In order to achieve the objectives outlined, we went to the area of action of those Units and interviewed their Commanders, the Chiefs of Sections of Human Resources and Justice, the Chiefs of Sections of Operations, Training and Public Relations as well as the Commanders of Detachment. The Applied Research Work is divided into four parts. The first part, the Introductory Part comprises the introduction, the framing of the research work, highlights the importance and the justification of the research theme, sets out the objectives, the main question, the derived questions and answer hypotheses, synthesizes the methodology used throughout the work and describes how it´s structured. In the Theoretical Part we describe the most important concepts relating to human resources and their management, analyse the evolution of military human resources and characterize the Territorial Command of Beja and Guarda. The Practical Part includes the methodology and procedures used in this research and the analysis, presentation and interpretation of the results obtained from the interviews. Finally, the Concluding Part in which it was possible to answer to the questions raised initially, to verify the hypothesis, and to set out some proposals in the territorial device of the two Territorial Commands analyzed, point out the limitations of the research and defines conclusions and recommendations for future researches. The results of this investigation show that it is necessary to adopt measures to counter the decline we have witnessed. Regarding the operational activity, we conclude that it is possible to increase their efficiency if we operationalized some alternative courses of action. We conclude that the mission of the Guarda Nacional Republicana in the two Territorial Commands is not called intoquestion, even with the low values of military personnel at its disposal nowadays

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Geoeconomic variations in epidemiology, ventilation management, and outcomes in invasively ventilated intensive care unit patients without acute respiratory distress syndrome: a pooled analysis of four observational studies

Background: Geoeconomic variations in epidemiology, the practice of ventilation, and outcome in invasively ventilated intensive care unit (ICU) patients without acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remain unexplored. In this analysis we aim to address these gaps using individual patient data of four large observational studies. Methods: In this pooled analysis we harmonised individual patient data from the ERICC, LUNG SAFE, PRoVENT, and PRoVENT-iMiC prospective observational studies, which were conducted from June, 2011, to December, 2018, in 534 ICUs in 54 countries. We used the 2016 World Bank classification to define two geoeconomic regions: middle-income countries (MICs) and high-income countries (HICs). ARDS was defined according to the Berlin criteria. Descriptive statistics were used to compare patients in MICs versus HICs. The primary outcome was the use of low tidal volume ventilation (LTVV) for the first 3 days of mechanical ventilation. Secondary outcomes were key ventilation parameters (tidal volume size, positive end-expiratory pressure, fraction of inspired oxygen, peak pressure, plateau pressure, driving pressure, and respiratory rate), patient characteristics, the risk for and actual development of acute respiratory distress syndrome after the first day of ventilation, duration of ventilation, ICU length of stay, and ICU mortality. Findings: Of the 7608 patients included in the original studies, this analysis included 3852 patients without ARDS, of whom 2345 were from MICs and 1507 were from HICs. Patients in MICs were younger, shorter and with a slightly lower body-mass index, more often had diabetes and active cancer, but less often chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and heart failure than patients from HICs. Sequential organ failure assessment scores were similar in MICs and HICs. Use of LTVV in MICs and HICs was comparable (42·4% vs 44·2%; absolute difference -1·69 [-9·58 to 6·11] p=0·67; data available in 3174 [82%] of 3852 patients). The median applied positive end expiratory pressure was lower in MICs than in HICs (5 [IQR 5-8] vs 6 [5-8] cm H2O; p=0·0011). ICU mortality was higher in MICs than in HICs (30·5% vs 19·9%; p=0·0004; adjusted effect 16·41% [95% CI 9·52-23·52]; p<0·0001) and was inversely associated with gross domestic product (adjusted odds ratio for a US$10 000 increase per capita 0·80 [95% CI 0·75-0·86]; p<0·0001). Interpretation: Despite similar disease severity and ventilation management, ICU mortality in patients without ARDS is higher in MICs than in HICs, with a strong association with country-level economic status