Seasonal Changes in the North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre

The eastern part of the North Atlantic subtropical gyre is found in the region between the Azores and the Cape Verde Islands. A study of the gyre structure in the area east of 35°W between 8°N and 41°N is presented. The geostrophic flow field determined from historical temperature-salinity data sets by objective analysis indicates seasonal variations in shape but no significant changes in the magnitude of volume transports. The eastern part of the gyre has a larger east-west and smaller north-south extension in summer compared with the winter season. The center shifts by about 2° latitude to the south from winter to summer. Long-term temperature time series (6.5 years) from a mooring near the Azores are consistent with these results, showing always a consistent temperature increase at the beginning of the year which is apparently due to the displacement of the northeastern part of the gyre. A comparison between the mean flow fields and fields obtained from individual zonal sections indicates large deviations north and south of the gyre but small deviations within the gyre

К вопросу о выборе частоты гетеродина в приемнике метрового диапазона

IL-10 is a potent regulator of the innate and adaptive immune responses. Several cell types produce IL-10 and its receptor chains and these may regulate different immune responses. Here we report that inactivation of the IL-10 receptor (IL-10R1) gene in mice leads to an increased susceptibility to chemically induced colitis as in the classical IL-10-deficient mutant. To identify the cells regulated by IL-10 in immune responses, we generated several cell type specific IL-10R1-deficient mutants. We show that, in an IL-10-dependent LPS model of endotoxemia, dampening of the immune response requires expression of IL-10R1 in monocytes/macrophages and/or neutrophils but not in T cells nor B cells. As the macrophage and/or neutrophil-specific IL-10-deficient mutants also display the same phenotype, our results suggest that an autocrine loop in monocytes/macrophages is the most probable mechanism for the regulation of an LPS-induced septic shock. In contrast, in an IL-10-regulated T-cell response to Trichuris muris infection, IL-10 acting on T cells or monocytes/macrophages/neutrophils is not critical for the control of the infection. © 2010 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA

Paget-von Schroetter-Syndrom als Arbeitsunfall

Das Paget-von Schroetter-Syndrom ist eine tiefe Venenthrombose der Vena axillaris und/oder der Vena subclavia. Sie ist verbunden mit den typischen Zeichen einer tiefen Venenthrombose, wie Schmerz, Schwellung, Zyanose und evtl. erkennbare Kollateralvenenzeichnung. Neben iatrogenen Ursachen, Malignomen, Hyperkoagulabilität und anatomischer Prädisposition kommt eine Auslösung durch ruckartige Krafteinwirkung in Frage. Hat die Belastungseinwirkung nachweislich während einer versicherten Tätigkeit stattgefunden, ist diese Erkrankung beim zuständigen gesetzlichen Unfallversicherungsträger als Arbeitsunfall zu melden

Comparison of experimental results from three dual fluidized bed test facilities capturing CO2 with CaO

10th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies[EN] Postcombustion CO2 capture technologies using CaO as a regenerable solid sorbent have emerged as a promising route to reduce the electricity penalty and the cost of CO2 capture from flue gases of both new and existing fossil fuelled power plants. Rapid progress is taking place in the understanding of these processes at different levels. However, experimental information, validating the concept under continuous operating conditions similar to those expected for large-scale application, remain scarce. We present here a comparative analysis of the results obtained in three laboratory-scale dual fluidized bed (DFB) test facilities in Spain, Germany and Canada. The test facilities range from 10 to 75 kWth with riser heights between 4.5 and 12.4 m. They have been operated to capture CO2 with CaO from simulated flue gases in the bubbling, turbulent and fast fluidization fluid-dynamic regimes. The carbonator reactors are interconnected with regenerators, where the CaCO3 decomposition has been conducted continuously and semi-continuously, operated in both air-combustion and oxy-combustion modes. Many stationary and non-stationary states have been achieved at different combinations of the key operating parameters (e.g. calcium looping ratio). All DFB test facilities showed a carbon balance closure of high quality in most tests. The trends of CO2 capture efficiency with respect to operating conditions and sorbent characteristics are compared and a discussion is made on the most appropriate methodology to conduct future tests under a joint new FP7 project (CaOling) that aims at the rapid scaling up of the calcium looping technology.This work is being funded by the European Commision 7th Framework Programme under the CaOling Project.Peer reviewe

Weiterentwicklung des Analyseinstruments Renewbility: Renewbility II - Szenario für einen anspruchsvollen Klimaschutzbeitrag des Verkehrs

Das Projekt Renewbility II hatte zum Ziel den bestehenden Renewbility-Modellverbund weiterzuentwickeln und im Rahmen von Szenariobetrachtungen den möglichen Klimaschutzbeitrag des Verkehrssektors bis zum Jahr 2030 unter Mitwirkung unterschiedlichster gesellschaftlicher Akteure zu quantifizieren. Im Basisszenario werden bestehende Regulierungen im Verkehr berücksichtigt und bestehende Entwicklungen fortgeschrieben. Im Ergebnis können im Basisszenario bei deutlichen Effizienzsteigerungen, dem zunehmenden Einsatz alternativer Kraftstoffe im Verkehr und einer weiter zunehmenden Verkehrsnachfrage die Treibhausgasemissionen bis zum Jahr 2030 um 12 % gegenüber 2005 gesenkt werden. Im Klimaschutzszenario können mit deutlich ambitionierteren Maßnahmen die Treibhausgasemissionen im selben Zeitraum um 37 % reduziert werden bei gleichzeitiger Stärkung der deutschen Wirtschaftskraft und Stabilisierung des Staatshaushaltes. Neben einer weiteren Effizienzsteigerung und dem Einsatz von alternativen Antrieben und Kraftstoffen, trägt insbesondere die Verlagerung, aber auch die Vermeidung von Verkehren zur Emissionsminderung bei