Serious Games Adaptation According to the Learner’s Performances

Basically, serious games provides enjoyment and knowledge, several researches in this field have focused into joining these two proprieties and make the best balance between them, in order, to provide the best game and enjoyable game experience and ensure the learning of the needed knowledge. Players differ and their knowledge background can be a lot different from one to the other. This study focused on how the SG adapts and provide the needed knowledge and enjoyment. The game should analyze players behavior from different angles, thus it can add difficulty, information, immersion or enjoyment modules to fit the player skills/knowledge

Characterization of a bipartite medial cuneiform: micro-CT and anatomical study

A bipartite medial cuneiform is an anatomical variant consisting in a horizontal division of the bone. Previous descriptions of the joint type, obtained from archaeological material or clinical reports, are unclear. This study was conducted in a fresh-frozen left foot, which allowed studying the morphology of the ligaments after anatomical dissection. In addition a Micro-CT analysis was performed to elucidate the osseous structure supporting the articular surfaces. A complex ligamentous system was found between the two halves of the bipartite medial cuneiform. Two articular surfaces were observed between the two components. Hyaline cartilage was observed at the posterior surface, while fibrous tissue was found at the anterior surface. Micro-CT analysis revealed different osseous structures for each articular surface, thus proving the existence of two joint types. The finding of a bipartite medial cuneiform in a fresh-frozen specimen allowed us to perform an analysis of the soft-tissues and articular surfaces that shows the presence of hyaline cartilage and articular ligaments in the diarthrodial joint as well as the fibrous component of the synfibrosis. Micro-CT analysis further reinforces our morphological findings. Our results prove that two different joint types exist, which could help explaining the disparity of descriptions in the literature

Quantification du transport du [123i]-6-deoxy-6-iodo-d-glucose (6-dig) par modélisation compartimentale chez le rat insulinorésistant.

Ce travail a consisté, dans un premier temps, à développer un modèle multicompartimental pour l'étude du transport in vivo, d'un analogue iodé du glucose, le [123I]-6-Déoxy-6-Iodo-D-Glucose (6-DIG) à partir de données provenant d'une expérience de clamp euglycémique hyperinsulinémique réalisée sur des rats insulinorésistants. Notre étude a permis de mettre en évidences des anomalies du transport du 6-DIG, avec un modèle à 12 compartiments, chez le rat insulinorésistant. L'effet de l'insuline, sur les coefficients de transfert des compartiments "organes insulinosensibles", permet de vérifier cette anomalie du transport. Dans un deuxième temps, nous avons choisi de réaliser une étude sur le coeur en détection externe. Un modèle tricompartimental a alors été utilisé pour traiter ces nouvelles données expérimentales. Nous avons observé, ici aussi, un effet non significatif de l'insuline sur les coefficients d'entrée et de sortie du compartiment cardiaque chez les rats insulinorésistants.This work consisted initially, to develop a multicompartmental model for the transport study in vivo of a iodinated glucose analogue, the [123I]-6-Deoxy-6-Iodo-D-Glucose (6-DIG) starting from data coming from a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp experiment carried out on insulin-resistant rat. Our study made it possible to highlight the 6-DIG transport anomalies, with a 12-compartment model, in the insulin-resistant rats. The insulin effect, on the transfert coefficient of the "insulin-sensitive organs" compartments, make it possible to check this transport anomaly. In a second time, we chose to make a study on the heart with external detection. A 3-compartment model was then used to treat these new experimental data. We observed, here also, a non-significant effect of the insulin on the entry and exit coefficients of the cardiac compartment in the insulin-resistant rats.GRENOBLE1-BU Médecine pharm. (385162101) / SudocPARIS-BIUP (751062107) / SudocSudocFranceF

An incremental approach for maintaining functional dependencies

International audienceA general assumption in all existing algorithms permitting to mine functional dependencies is that the database is static. However, real life databases are frequently updated. To the best of our knowledge, the discovery of functional dependencies in dynamic databases has never been studied. A naïve solution consists in reapplying one of the existing algorithms to discover functional dependencies holding on the updated database. Nevertheless, in many domains, where response time is crucial, re-executing algorithms from scratch would be inacceptable. In this paper, we propose a new technique that makes use of the previously discovered results to cut down the amount of work that has been done to discover the new set of functional dependencies satisfied by the updated database

Morphological variation of the deciduous second molars in the Baka Pygmies

The Baka Pygmies are known for their short stature resulting from a reduced growth rate during infancy. They are peculiar also for their teeth erupt earlier than in any other African population, and their posterior dentition is larger than in non-Pygmy populations. However, the Baka’s dental morphology, like several other aspects of their biology, is still understudied. Here, we explore the variation of the Baka’s deciduous upper and lower second molars (dm2s) in comparison to a geographically heterogeneous human sample by means of 3D geometric morphometrics and analysis of dental traits. Our results show that the different populations largely overlap based on the shape of their dm2s, especially the lower ones. Their distal region and the height of the dentinal crown differ the most, with the Baka showing the most extreme range of variation. Upper and lower dm2s covary to a great extent (RV = 0.82). The Baka’s and South Americans’ dm2s were confirmed among the largest in our sample. Despite the Baka’s unique growth pattern, long-lasting isolation, and extreme dental variation, it is not possible to distinguish them from other populations based on their dm2s’ morphology only

Risedronate Effects on the In Vivo Bioactive Glass Behavior Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Histopathological Studies

International audienceThe present study aimed to enhance the anti-osteoporotic performance of bioactive glass (46S6) through its association with bisphosphonate such as risedronate with amounts of 8, 12, and 20%. Obtained composites have been called 46S6-8RIS, 46S6-12RIS, and 46S6-20RIS, respectively. In vitro and in vivo explorations have been carried out. Bioactive glass and risedronate association has been performed by adsorption process. Structure analyses have been carried out to evaluate and to understand their chemical interactions. Solid Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) has been employed to study the structural properties of obtained biocomposite. The spectra deconvolution showed the appearance of a species (Q) in the biocomposites 46S6-8RIS, 46S6-12RIS, and 46S6-20RIS indicating their successful chemical association. In vitro experiments showed the enhancement of the chemical reactivity of the composites 46S6-xRIS compared to the pure bioactive glass. In fact, the silicon liberation after 30 days of immersion was 50 ppm for pure bioactive glass 46S6, and 41, 64, and 62 from 46S6-8RIS, 46S6-12RIS, and 46S6-20RIS, respectively. Based on the in vitro results, 46S6-8RIS was implanted in the femoral condyle of an ovariectomized rat and compared with implanted pure glass in the goal to highlight its anti-osteoporotic performance. After 60 days, implanted group with 46S6-8RIS showed the increase in bone mineral density (BMD with 10%) and bone volume fraction (BV/TV with 80%) and the decrease in trabecular separation (Tb/Sp with 74%) when compared to that of 46S6 group. These results are confirmed by the histopathological analyses, which showed the bone trabeculae reconnection after the 46S6-8RIS implantation. Chemical analyses showed the reduction in silicon (Si) and sodium (Na) ion concentrations, and the rise in calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) ion levels, which was explained by the dissolution of biocomposite matrix and the deposition of hydroxyapatite layer. Histomorphometric results highlighted the risedronate effect on the antiosteoporotic phenomenon. Obtained results showed good behavior with only 8% of introduced risedronate in the glass matrix

The orthopedic characterization of cfap298tm304 mutants validate zebrafish to faithfully model human AIS

International audienceCerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation relies on the beating of motile cilia projecting in the lumen of the brain and spinal cord cavities Mutations in genes involved in cilia motility disturb cerebrospinal fluid circulation and result in scoliosis-like deformities of the spine in juvenile zebrafish. However, these defects in spine alignment have not been validated with clinical criteria used to diagnose adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). The aim of this study was to describe, using orthopaedic criteria the spinal deformities of a zebrafish mutant model of AIS targeting a gene involved in cilia polarity and motility, cfap298 tm304. The zebrafish mutant line cfap298 tm304 , exhibiting alteration of CSF flow due to defective cilia motility, was raised to the juvenile stage. The analysis of mutant animals was based on micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), which was conducted in a QUANTUM FX CALIPER, with a 59 µm-30 mm protocol. 63% of the cfap298 tm304 zebrafish analyzed presented a three-dimensional deformity of the spine, that was evolutive during the juvenile phase, more frequent in females, with a right convexity, a rotational component and involving at least one dislocation. We confirm here that cfap298 tm304 scoliotic individuals display a typical AIS phenotype, with orthopedic criteria mirroring patient's diagnosis