Effect of advanced chilling methods on lipid damage during sardine (Sardina pilchardus) storage

7 páginas, 2 figuras, 4 tablasSlurry ice is a biphasic system consisting of small spherical ice crystals surrounded by seawater at subzero temperature. Its effect on lipid damage (hydrolysis and oxidation) was evaluated during the chilled storage of a fatty fish species, sardine (Sardina pilchardus). Slurry ice treatment was checked alone and in combination with ozone and compared to traditional flake icing during a 22-day storage. Different lipid damage indices (free fatty acids, FFA; peroxide value, PV; thiobarbituric acid index, TBA-i; fluorescent compounds, FR) were checked and compared to sensory assessment and nucleotide degradation (K value). According to lipid hydrolysis (FFA) and oxidation (PV and FR) developments, slurry ice showed an inhibitory effect (p 0.05) from slurry ice alone when considering lipid hydrolysis, nucleotide degradation and some lipid oxidation indices (PV and FR), although a higher (p <0.05) TBA-i was observed at day 22 of storage when compared to flake ice and slurry ice treatments. However, a lower (p <0.05) fluorescence development was observed for fish treated under ozonised slurry ice when compared to traditionally iced fish. Sensory assessment showed a higher shelf life for fish samples treated under ozonised slurry ice than for their counterparts under slurry ice (15 d versus 12 d), while flake icing led to a far shorter shelf life (5 d). According to sensory and biochemical (lipid matter and nucleotide) analysis, slurry ice has proved to be a promising technology for damage inhibition and quality retention in a fatty fish species such as sardine. Ozonised slurry ice was also shown to be useful, since a longer shelf life was obtained in the present experiment and a pro-oxidant effect of ozone on sardine lipids was not provedThis work was supported by the Secretaría Xeral de I1D fromthe Xunta de Galicia (Galicia, Spain) (Project PGIDIT02RMA18E).Peer reviewe

Immune System Links Psoriasis-Mediated Inflammation to Cardiovascular Diseases via Traditional and Non-Traditional Cardiovascular Risk Factors

Background. Cutaneous psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases though the reasons are not clear. Here we discuss the role of the immune system in atherosclerosis and of the proinflammatory status in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis diseases

Immune-mediated inflammation promotes subclinical atherosclerosis in recent-onset psoriatic arthritis patients without conventional cardiovascular risk factors

Studies on the inflammatory burden in recent-onset psoriatic arthritis (PsA) patients without conventional cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) are not available. This preliminary study focuses on cardiovascular risk in cutaneous psoriasis (CPs) and recent-onset PsA patients. Blood biochemistry (glucose, cholesterol, uric acid, lipid profile and apolipoprotein B) was analyzed using standard kits. Proatherogenic inflammation markers, C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and endothelial activators monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Ultrasound images allowed measuring carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT). Our study first shows an increase in cIMT, and in serum levels of sICAM-1 and CRP in recent-onset PsA patients not presenting conventional CVRFs over the non-medicated time-period, from disease diagnosis to the beginning of pharmacological treatment, compared with healthy subjects. The outcome highlights the importance of monitoring serum level of sICAM1, CRP, and cIMT, and the value of primary prevention in psoriatic patients even with no history of cardiovascular events.Fil: Kolliker Frers, Rodolfo Alberto. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Agudos "Ramos Mejía"; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Cardiológicas. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Cardiológicas; ArgentinaFil: Cosentino, Vanesa Laura. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Agudos "Ramos Mejía"; ArgentinaFil: Tau, Julia. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de Patología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Kerzberg, Eduardo Mario. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Agudos "Ramos Mejía"; ArgentinaFil: Urdapilleta, Adriana. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Agudos "Ramos Mejía"; ArgentinaFil: Chiocconi, Monica. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Agudos "Ramos Mejía"; ArgentinaFil: Kogan, Nora. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Agudos "Ramos Mejía"; ArgentinaFil: Otero-Losada, Matilde Estela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Cardiológicas. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Cardiológicas; ArgentinaFil: Capani, Francisco. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Cardiológicas. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Cardiológicas; Argentina. Universidad Argentina "John F. Kennedy"; Argentina. Universidad Autónoma de Chile; Chil

On-board quality preservation of megrim (Lepidorhombus whiffiagonis) by a novel ozonised-slurry ice system

6 páginas, 3 tablas.-- The final publication is available at www.springerlink.comThe use of a combined ozonised-slurry ice system was investigated as a new refrigeration system for the on-board storage of megrim (Lepidorhombus whiffiagonis), a fish species that is usually stored aboard fishing vessels for 1 to 2 weeks. The time elapsed between the catch and unloading at the harbour affects its quality and commercial value directly. Microbiological, chemical and sensory analyses were carried out in megrim after 2 weeks of onboard storage in ozonised slurry ice, slurry ice or flake ice, and for an additional period of 6 days. Sensory analyses revealed that megrim specimens stored in ozonised slurry ice (oSI600 batch) maintained A quality even after 20 days of storage, while counterpart batches stored in flake ice showed B quality at unloading, after 14 days of on-board storage. Storage in ozonised slurry ice (oSI600 batch) also led to significantly (p<0.05) lower counts of aerobic mesophiles, psychrotrophic bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae and proteolytic microorganisms in megrim muscle as compared with flake ice. Biochemical analyses revealed that the use of ozonised-slurry ice or slurry ice alone slowed down the formation of total volatile base-nitrogen (TVBN) and trimethylamine-nitrogen (TMA-N) in comparison with storage in flake ice, also allowing a better control of pH. Lipid hydrolysis and oxidation events also occurred at a lower rate in the ozonised-slurry ice and slurry ice batches than in the flake ice batch. The present study demonstrates that the combination of slurry ice and ozone for the on-board storage of megrim is advisable, thus improving the quality and extending the shelf life of this fish species.This work was supported through a project grant by the Secretar´ıa Xeral de I+D from the Xunta de Galicia (Project PGIDIT04TAL015E).Peer reviewe

Skeletal Anomalies in Senegalese Sole (Solea senegalensis, Kaup) Fed with Different Commercial Enriched Artemia: A Study in Postlarvae and Juveniles

The high incidence of skeletal anomalies in Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) still constitutes a bottleneck constraining its production. There are diverse commercially available products for the enrichment of live preys, but few reports of their influence on skeletogenesis in Senegalese sole. This study evaluated the presence of vertebral anomalies in postlarvae and juvenile Senegalese sole fed with Artemia spp. metanauplii enriched with four commercial products (EA, EB, EC, and ED) in a fish farm. The most frequent alterations consisted of deformations of the neural/haemal arches and spines and fusions and deformations of hypurals, epural, or parhypural. The correspondence analysis ordered fish from each age in separated semiaxis, indicating the presence of different anomaly patterns for the two sampled stages. The results showed only very light changes in the frequency of vertebral abnormalities among tested enrichment products, i.e., individuals from EC and EA lots displayed less vertebral body anomalies and/or vertebral column deviations at 31 and 105 days after hatching, respectively. The existence of a large shared malformation pattern in all the experimental groups leads to impute to the rearing conditions as the main driving factor of the onset of such group of anomalies, probably masking some dietary effectThis research was funded by “Consellería de Economía e Industria” of Xunta de Galicia (10MMA020E) and Stolt Sea Farm and by “Programa de Consolidación e Estructuración de Unidades de Investigación Competitivas GPC2015/034”, SpainS

Adipokines, Cardiovascular Risk, and Therapeutic Management in Obesity and Psoriatic Arthritis

Psoriatic arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease with skin and joint pathology as the dominant characteristics. Scientific evidence supports its systemic nature and relevant relationship with obesity, metabolic syndrome, and associated conditions. Metabolic syndrome and obesity share common signaling pathways with joint inflammation, reinforcing the idea that adipose tissue is a major contributor to disease development and severity. The adipose tissue is not a mere energy store but also an endocrine organ participating in the immune response. In the search for the best therapeutic strategy for a patient, we should appraise the adipose tissue as an endocrine and immune organ responsible for mild chronic inflammation. Today, our challenge is not only to achieve disease remission but to control the associated comorbidities as well. In light of the high prevalence of obesity in psoriatic arthritis patients and the importance of the adipose tissue in the development of chronic inflammation, we aimed to identify the most relevant articles in this regard published in English until June 2020 using the PubMed database. Search terms included psoriatic arthritis, in combination with metabolic syndrome, obesity, adipokines, cardiovascular disease, and treatment. This review summarizes the current evidence regarding the role of adipose tissue as an adipokine-secreting endocrine organ, discussing its influence on disease development and severity, and ultimately in meeting successful disease management.Fil: Porta, Sabrina Valeria. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Agudos "Ramos Mejía"; ArgentinaFil: Otero-losada, Matilde Estela. Universidad Abierta Interamericana; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Kolliker Frers, Rodolfo Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Agudos "Ramos Mejía"; Argentina. Universidad Abierta Interamericana; ArgentinaFil: Cosentino, Vanesa Laura. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Agudos "Ramos Mejía"; ArgentinaFil: Kerzberg, Eduardo Mario. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Agudos "Ramos Mejía"; ArgentinaFil: Capani, Francisco. Universidad Abierta Interamericana; Argentina. Universidad Argentina "John F. Kennedy"; Argentina. Universidad Autónoma de Chile; Chile. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Rancidity development during the chilled storage of farmed Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)

7 páginas, 4 figuras, 2 tablasCoho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) is a fatty fish species whose farming production has greatly increased in recent years. Lipid damage produced during Coho salmon chilled storage was studied for up to 24 d. Lipid hydrolysis (free fatty acids, FFA) and oxidation (conjugated dienes; peroxide value, PV; thiobarbituric acid index, TBA-i; fluorescent compounds formation, FR; browning development) were determined and compared to lipid composition (polyene index, PI; astaxanthin, AX) changes and sensory assessment (rancid odour development) results. Most lipid damage indices developed slowly during storage; thus, values obtained for FFA, PV, TBA-i and FR were in all cases under 1.5 g/100 g, 4.0 meq oxygen/kg lipid, 0.40 mg malondialdehyde/kg muscle and 0.40, respectively. Odour assessment showed a significant (p <0.05) rancidity development at day 10, when compared to starting fish material; then, non-acceptable values were obtained at days 19 and 24. The PI analysis showed not many differences during the storage time, with the lowest mean value at day 19. AX analysis indicated a relatively high content in the white muscle, which was maintained till the end of the experiment. A low oxidation development is concluded for Coho salmon lipids when compared to other fatty fish species under the same chilling conditions. AX was found to contribute to the oxidation stability of Coho salmon lipids, due to its free radical scavenger propertiesPeer reviewe

Using Machine Learning Techniques to Predict Adolescents’ Involvement in Family Conflict

[Abstract] Many cases of violence against children occur in homes and other close environments. Machine leaning is a novel approach that addresses important gaps in ways of examining this socially significant issue, illustrating innovative and emerging approaches for the use of computers from a psychological perspective. In this paper, we aim to use machine learning techniques to predict adolescents’ involvement in family conflict in a sample of adolescents living with their families(community adolescents) and adolescents living in residential care centers, who are temporarilyseparated from their families because of adverse family conditions. Participants were 251 Spanish adolescents (Mage= 15.59), of whom 167 lived in residential care and 84 lived with their families.We measured perceived interparental and family conflict, adolescents’emotional security,emotional, cognitive, and behavioral immediate responses to analog interparental conflict (IPC),and adolescents’ sociodemographic variables (i.e., age, gender). With a prediction accuracy of 65%, our results show that adolescents in residential care are not at greater risk for involvement in family conflict compared to adolescents living with their families. Age and gender are not salient predictive variables. We could identify that responses to analog IPC, adolescents’emotiona lsecurity, triangulation in IPC, and the presence of insults or blame during family disputes predict adolescents’ involvement in family conflict. These results point to variables with a potential predictive capacity, which is relevant for research and intervention.The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This work was partially supported by projects PLEC2021-007,662 (MCIN/AEI/10.13,039/501100011033, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Agencia Estatal de Investigación, Plan de Recuperación, Transformación y Resiliencia, Unión Europea-Next GenerationEU), RTI2018-093,336-B-C21 & RTI2018-093,336-B-C22 (Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Agencia Estatal de Investigación & ERDF). The fourth and fifth authors also thank the financial support supplied by the Consellería de Educación, Universidade e Formación Profesional (accreditation 2019–2022 ED431G-2019/01 and GPC ED431 B 2019/03) and the European Regional Development Fund, which acknowledges the CITIC Research Center in ICT of the University of A Coruña as a Research Center of the Galician University System. The third author also thanks the financial support supplied by the Consellería de Educación, Universidade e Formación Profesional (accreditation 2019–2022 ED431G-2019/04, ED431 C 2018/29) and the European Regional Development Fund, which acknowledges the CiTIUS-Research Center in Intelligent Technologies of the University of Santiago de Compostela as a Research Center of the Galician University SystemXunta de Galicia; ED431G-2019/01Xunta de Galicia; ED431 B 2019/03Xunta de Galicia; ED431G-2019/04Xunta de Galicia; ED431 C 2018/2

Interventions in intimate partner violence: A review of the literature

Introducción. La violencia de género es reconocida como problemática de salud pública a nivel mundial. La Organización Mundial de la Salud menciona que una de cada tres mujeres ha sido víctima de violencia de género y señala que el hogar se convierte en factor de riesgo para las mujeres, siendo ejercida en la mayoría de los casos por la pareja o ex pareja. Materiales y Método. Con el fin de conocer qué reporta la literatura acerca de las intervenciones frente a esta problemática, se hizo una revisión sistemática según criterios del Joanna Briggs Institute, identificando las dimensiones de abordaje de la violencia de género en pareja. Se recuperaron reportes de bases de datos científicas en el periodo de 2010 a 2019. De 103 que cumplían criterios de inclusión, y que mediante análisis de criterios de calidad según metodología Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Español -CASPe, se seleccionaron 24 estudios de Europa, Latinoamérica y África, de intervenciones en hombres, mujeres víctimas, pareja adulta, estudiantes y profesionales, con orientación psicoeducativa desde la perspectiva de género y el modelo piramidal. Resultados. Como dimensión común se identifica la reestructuración cognitiva orientada a las creencias culturalmente asociadas a los roles de género. Discusión y Conclusiones. Se resalta la efectividad a nivel de prevención y como principales limitaciones se describe el seguimiento de las intervenciones y el abordaje en parejas, lo cual plantea interrogantes del reconocimiento de las dinámicas de la violencia en ambos miembros y su red familiar.Magíster en Salud Mental ComunitariaMaestríaIntroduction. Gender violence is recognized as a public health problem worldwide. The World Health Organization mentions that one out of every three women has been a victim of gender violence and points out that the home becomes a risk factor for women, being exercised in most cases by the partner or ex-partner. Materials and Method. In order to know what the literature reports about interventions to address this problem, a systematic review was carried out according to the criteria of the Joanna Briggs Institute, identifying the dimensions of the approach to gender violence in couples. Reports were retrieved from scientific databases in the period from 2010 to 2019. From 103 that met inclusion criteria, and by means of quality criteria analysis according to Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Spanish -CASPe methodology, 24 studies were selected from Europe, Latin America and Africa, of interventions in men, female victims, adult couple, students and professionals, with psychoeducational orientation from the gender perspective and the pyramidal model. Results. Cognitive restructuring oriented to beliefs culturally associated to gender roles is identified as a common dimension. Discussion and Conclusions. The effectiveness at the level of prevention is highlighted and the main limitations are described as the follow-up of interventions and the approach in couples, which raises questions about the recognition of the dynamics of violence in both members and their family network

Immune-Mediated Inflammation: Human T CD4 Helper Lymphocyte Diversity and Plasticity in Health and Disease

The CD4+ T helper (Th) cells have a critical role in organizing the adaptive immune response. The emerging cells of the differentiation after the immune synapse produce helper T cell subpopulations that activate, suppress, or regulate the immune response upon interaction with varying immune cells. There are two main Th cell functional categories: the “effector cells” and the “regulatory T cells.” Classic T helper lymphocytes can also be distinguished by their lineage according to the developmental microenvironment, the expression of cell adhesion-homing receptors, the profile of cytokines they are exposed to, and the involved transcription factors. Traditionally, the CD4+ and CD8+ phenotypes have been considered as helper and cytotoxic/suppressor T lymphocytes, respectively. Currently, the distinction is little rigorous. The immune response is exceedingly complex beyond the classic Th1 and Th2 effector cells’ involvement, and other populations of helper T lymphocytes like the Th17, Tfh, Th22, and Th9 lymphocytes have been phenotypically characterized. These lymphocytes also participate in the pathogenesis of several immune-mediated inflammatory disorders. Here, we revisit and discuss the essential aspects of the state of the art regarding phenotypic diversity and plasticity of TCD4 cells in the T lymphocyte repertoire frame and their potential implication in human inflammatory diseases