16,659 research outputs found
Carbon dioxide as the working fluid in heating and/or cooling systems
Despite vigorous research the use of carbon dioxide in the market is still relatively small. This is due to legislation, and technical difficulties of developing efficient, acceptable carbon dioxide systems
The detection of ultra-relativistic electrons in low Earth orbit
Aims. To better understand the radiation environment in low Earth orbit
(LEO), the analysis of in-situ observations of a variety of particles, at
different atmospheric heights, and in a wide range of energies, is needed.
Methods. We present an analysis of energetic particles, indirectly detected by
the Large Yield RAdiometer (LYRA) instrument on board ESA's Project for
On-board Autonomy 2 (PROBA2) satellite as background signal. Combining
Energetic Particle Telescope (EPT) observations with LYRA data for an
overlapping period of time, we identified these particles as electrons with an
energy range of 2 to 8 MeV. Results. The observed events are strongly
correlated to geo-magnetic activity and appear even during modest disturbances.
They are also well confined geographically within the L=4-6 McIlwain zone,
which makes it possible to identify their source. Conclusions. Although highly
energetic particles are commonly perturbing data acquisition of space
instruments, we show in this work that ultra-relativistic electrons with
energies in the range of 2-8 MeV are detected only at high latitudes, while not
present in the South Atlantic Anomaly region.Comment: Topical Issue: Flares, CMEs and SEPs and their space weather impacts;
20 pages; 7 figures; Presented during 13th European Space Weather Week, 201
Seafood from Norway : food safety
Since Norway is a major supplier of seafood
worldwide, monitoring the food safety of Norwegian fish
products is a priority. This commentary gives a brief
overview of the food safety of seafood from Norwegian
waters. Several preventative measures during harvest/catch,
processing and distribution have been established and
are implemented regularly. Furthermore, comprehensive
monitoring programmes to detect and quantify undesirable
substances, such as heavy metals and polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCBs), in Norwegian seafood are carried out.
Substances with health benefits, such as omega-3 fatty
acids, are also analysed. In general, evidence shows the
level of undesirable substances in seafood from Norway to
be low. In fact, in the majority of samples analysed, levels
of undesirable substances were reported to be below the
maximum limit set by the European Union (EU). This leads
to the conclusion that consumption of seafood originating
from Norway involves a low risk of negative health effects
and that consumers can have confidence in the products
they purchase.peer-reviewe
Northern News
The news items include: 1) a summary of round table conference concerning Eskimo affairs that was held in Ottawa on May 19-20, 1952 (reprinted from Arctic Circular, v. 5, no. 4, 1952, p. 41-43); 2) information on the Canadian ice distribution survey by J. Keith Fraser (reprinted from Arctic Circular, v. 5, no. 5, 1952, p. 56); 3) a summary of two articles written by Provst Aage Bugge (an obituary of Provst C.W. Schultz-Lorentzen and a book review of a novel, "Kateketen Johannes", by Karl Heilmann) that were published in pamphlet no. 79 of Meddelelser om Den grønlandske Kirkesag; and 4) a notice that the Shorey Book Store of Seattle has issued a catalogue of their books on Alaska and the Arctic
A summary of the BARREL campaigns: Technique for studying electron precipitation.
BARREL observed electron precipitation over wide range of energy and timescalesPrecipitating electron distribution is determined using spectroscopy for 19 January 2013 eventBARREL timing data has accuracy within sampling interval of 0.05âs
On the contribution of thermal excitation to the total 630.0 nm emissions in the northern cusp ionosphere
Direct impact excitation by precipitating electrons is believed to be the
main source of 630.0 nm emissions in the cusp ionosphere. However, this paper
investigates a different source, 630.0 emissions caused by thermally excited
atomic oxygen OD) when high electron temperature prevail in the cusp. On
22 January 2012 and 14 January 2013, the European Incoherent Scatter Scientific
Association (EISCAT) radar on Svalbard measured electron temperature
enhancements exceeding 3000 K near magnetic noon in the cusp ionosphere over
Svalbard. The electron temperature enhancements corresponded to electron
density enhancements exceeding m accompanied by intense 630.0
nm emissions in a field of view common to both the EISCAT Svalbard radar and a
meridian scanning photometer. This offered an excellent opportunity to
investigate the role of thermally excited OD) 630.0 nm emissions in the
cusp ionosphere. The thermal component was derived from the EISCAT Radar
measurements and compared with optical data. For both events the calculated
thermal component had a correlation coefficient greater than 0.8 to the total
observed 630.0 nm intensity which contains both thermal and particle impact
components. Despite fairly constant solar wind, the calculated thermal
component intensity fluctuated possibly due to dayside transients in the
aurora
Microwave ablation therapy for colorectal liver metastases
BACKGROUND: The gold standard treatment for colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRCLM) is surgical resection. Unfortunately, the majority of patients with colorectal hepatic metastases are not candidates for resection. In recent years, several alternatives have emerged for patients whom are not resection candidates including modern systemic chemotherapy, targeted biologic treatments, regional therapies and local tumor ablation options. Microwave ablation (MWA) therapy is one such treatment alternative, based on thermal tissue ablation. This modality in concert with the most recent published literature on its use for patients with CRCLM will be reviewed in this paper.
LITERATURE REVIEW FINDINGS: A structured review of the literature on ablative technologies was performed. In recent years, there has been an evolution from radiofrequency ablation (RFA) to microwave ablation therapy for the treatment of CRCLM. RFA has several limitations to its use and MWA theoretically avoids such limitations making it the currently preferable treatment option. There are limited publications comparing the use of RFA to MWA and limited publications on the use of microwave ablation for CRCLM. This paper will focus on the most recent data on MWA for CRCLM. This data can then be compared to the already published data on RFA.
PROPOSED METHODS: Given the relative novel status for MWA as a treatment option for CRCLM, a potential disadvantage for its use is the perceived lack of knowledge across the medical professional spectrum. In an effort to expand the knowledge of MWA, the proposed outcomes for this study include creating a curriculum to be offered as a CME course focused for Primary Care Providers (PCPs) to provide a basis of clinical familiarity for its use. This effort will familiarize providers who may have patients diagnosed with CRCLM and also allow them to initiate the conversation about this therapy with their patients who may be candidates for this treatment.
CONCLUSIONS: MWA therapy is a safe and effective treatment modality for CRCLM. Due to this new development in treating liver lesions originating from colorectal cancer, itâs imperative for providers to become familiar with these new technologies especially considering the high incidence of CRCLM. Therefore, a curriculum for PCPs will allow for a better understanding of this new technology and foster better provider-patient relationships
- âŚ