Role of 5HT1A Receptors in the Neuroprotective and Behavioral Effects of Cannabidiol in Hypoxic–Ischemic Newborn Piglets

Background: Hypoxic–ischemic (HI) insults have important deleterious consequences in newborns, including short-term morbidity with neuromotor and cognitive disturbances. Cannabidiol (CBD) has demonstrated robust neuroprotective effects and shows anxiolytic/ antidepressant effects as well. These effects are thought to be related to serotonin 5-HT1A receptor (5HT1AR) activation. We hereby aimed to study the role of 5HT1AR in the neuroprotective and behavioral effects of CBD in HI newborn piglets. Methods: 1-day-old piglets submitted to 30 min of hypoxia (FiO2 10%) and bilateral carotid occlusion were then treated daily with vehicle, CBD 1 mg/kg, or CBD with the 5HT1AR antagonist WAY 100635 1 mg/kg 72 h post-HI piglets were studied using amplitude-integrated EEG to detect seizures and a neurobehavioral test to detect neuromotor impairments. In addition, behavioral performance including social interaction, playful activity, hyperlocomotion, and motionless periods was assessed. Then, brain damage was assessed using histology (Nissl and TUNEL staining) and biochemistry (proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies. Results: HI led to brain damage as assessed by histologic and biochemistry studies, associated with neuromotor impairment and increased seizures. These effects were not observed in HI piglets treated with CBD. These beneficial effects of CBD were not reversed by the 5HT1AR antagonist, which is in contrast with previous studies demonstrating that 5HT1AR antagonists eliminated CBD neuroprotection as assessed 6 h after HI in piglets. HI led to mood disturbances, with decreased social interaction and playfulness and increased hyperlocomotion. Mood disturbances were not observed in piglets treated with CBD, but in this case, coadministration of the 5HT1AR antagonist eliminates the beneficial effects of CBD. Conclusion: CBD prevented HI-induced mood disturbances in newborn piglets by acting on 5HT1AR. However, 5HT1AR activation seems to be necessary for CBD neuroprotection only in the first hours after HI.PI19/00927 project ISCIII European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) “A way to make Europ

La influencia de las relaciones familiares en el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes de segundo grado (c y e) de la Escuela Rafael Moya Murillo.

Trabajo final de graduación de 131 páginas en formato pdfAl considerar que el papel de la familia es relevante en el aprendizaje y en la formación integral de los y las estudiantes, es imprescindible realizar una investigación sobre la dinámica de las relaciones familiares, con el fin de indagar el impacto que ocasionan en el rendimiento académico de los y las estudiantes, de tal manera que se pueda analizar la importancia de la familia (padres, madres, abuela o encargados), en el ámbito escolar. Según Martínez y Otero (2001) “Después de la familia, que es el primer lugar en que vivimos y nos educamos, la escuela es la entidad más importante, pues es el lugar en el que recibimos la enseñanza desde los primeros años” (p.11). La familia es la institución de donde los niños y niñas obtienen la primera imagen de sí mismos. La adaptación, socialización y el rendimiento en la educación formal, se relacionan con las características del hogar. Con relación a lo anterior, lo primero en lo que se debe reflexionar es sobre el tipo de apoyo que los niños reciben de parte de la familia, ya que el nuevo paradigma para la planificación educativa, explica que la integración de la familia en el proceso educativo es elemental para lograr el éxito académico de las y los educandos. Al respecto, afirma Venegas (2004) lo siguiente: “(…) para asegurar un protagonismo creciente de los padres de familia, docentes y alumnos en los procesos de planificación, se pretende estimular una mayor democratización de la toma de decisiones, mediante una presencia creciente de actores” (p. 178). Por la razón anterior, el papel de la familia es parte esencial en el ámbito educativo. De ahí, la necesidad de llevar a cabo una investigación cuya finalidad es buscar la manera en que influyen las relaciones familiares en el rendimiento académico de los niños y las niñas.Universidad Estatal a Distancia de Costa Ric

Relationship of somatic cell count and composition and coagulation properties of ewe’s milk

The relationship between somatic cell count (SCC) and raw milk composition and its coagulation properties measured at native or standardised pH values were investigated in Manchega ewes’ milk. A total of 84 bulk tank milk samples from flocks included in the National Association of Manchega Sheep Breeders were used. According to their SCC, milk samples were divided into three terciles named low (562±138 cells/mL), medium (956±115 cells/mL) and high (1705±428 cells/ mL) SCC groups. Within each SCC group, two pH treatments were applied before determining coagulation properties (rennet clotting time, curd firming time and curd firmness): no acidification of milk (coagulation at native pH) and acidification of milk at pH 6.5. Native milk pH significantly increased (P0.05) by SCC, protein content tended to be higher in the high SCC group (P=0.05) and lactose content was significantly lower (P<0.05) in that group. At native pH, the high SCC group had longer rennet clotting time, higher curd firming time and lower curd firmness after 30 min of rennet addition than the low and medium SCC groups (P<0.05). Standardising milk pH at 6.5 prior to rennet addition clearly cancelled out (P<0.05) the negative effects of high SCC on milk coagulation properties. In conclusion, despite the fact that acidification before renneting improved the coagulation properties of milk with high SCC, more research would be needed to determine the sensorial properties of cheese manufactured under such conditions

Comparação das escalas EQ-5D e FACT-G na avaliação da qualidade de vida em pacientes colombianos com câncer

Objective: To evaluate patterns of correlations between the different dimensions of a scale measuring quality of life (FACT-G) and one that measures perceived health and quality of life (EQ-5D) in cancer patients. Methods: A descriptive study that evaluated 114 patients with confirmed cancer of breast (40=35.09%), gastric (26=22.8%), prostate (22=19.3%), colon-rectal (17=14.91%). Diagnosis was made at the National Cancer Institute of Colombia, to whom applied the FACT-G and EQ-5D scale. Descriptive analyses were used to summarize the variables, methods of multivariate analysis, factor analysis and multidimensional scaling were used to assess patterns of correlation between the variables of each of the two scales used. Results: The dimensions that showed acceptable correlation values were physical well-being and emotional well-being of the FACT- G with anxiety and depression of the EQ- 5D scale. Factor analysis yielded two factors: (a) anxiety / depression or the EQ-5D is better grouped with the components of the FACT- G, and (b) physical symptoms of FACT-G with the components of the EQ-5D. Multidimensional scaling analysis suggested that each scale measured different dimensions of the construct quality of life. Conclusion: The FACT-G is oriented to emotional and social interaction, while the EQ-5D is oriented to aspects of physical and functionalityObjetivo: Evaluar patrones de correlaciones entre las diferentes dimensiones de una escala que mide la calidad de vida (FACT-G) y otra que mide la salud autopercibida y la calidad de vida (EQ-5D) en pacientes con cáncer. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo que evaluó a 114 pacientes con cáncer de mama (40 = 35.09%), gástrico (26 = 22.8%), próstata (22 = 19.3%), recto (17 = 14.91%), a quienes se les aplicó las escalas FACT-G y EQ-5D. Se utilizaron técnicas de estadística descriptiva para resumir variables, métodos de análisis multivariado, análisis factorial y escalamiento multidimensional. Resultados: Las dimensiones que mostraron valores de correlación aceptable fueron bienestar físico y emocional de la FACT-G con angustia y depresión de la escala EQ-5D. El análisis factorial arrojó dos factores: (a) angustia/depresión de la EQ-5D, que se agrupa mejor con los componentes de la FACT-G, y (b) síntomas físicos con los componentes de la EQ-5D. El escalamiento multidimensional sugirió que cada escala midió dimensiones diferentes del constructo calidad de vida. Conclusión: La evaluación de calidad de vida de la FACT-G parece orientarse a aspectos emocionales y de interacción social; mientras que la de EQ-5D se orienta a aspectos de bienestar físico y funcionalidad.Objetivo: avaliar patrões de correlações entre as diferentes dimensões de uma escala que mede a qualidade de vida (FACT-G) e outra que mede a saúde auto-percebida e a qualidade de vida (EQ-5D) em pacientes com cáncer. Material e métodos: estudo descritivo que avaliou a 114 pacientes com câncer de mama (40=35.09%), gástrico (26=22.8%), próstata (22=19.3%), cólon/reto (17=14.91%) aos quais se lhes aplicaram as escalas FACT-G e EQ-5D. Utilizaram-se técnicas de estatística descritiva para resumir as variáveis, métodos de análise multivariado, análise fatorial e escalamento multidimensional. Resultados: as dimensões que mostraram valores de correlação aceitável foram bem-estar físico e emocional da FACT-G com angústia e depressão da escala EQ-5D. A análise fatorial revelou dois fatores: (a) angústia/depressão da EQ-5D agrupa-se melhor com os componentes da FACT-G, (b) sintomas físicos com os componentes da EQ-5D. O escalamento multidimensional sugeriu que cada escala mediu dimensões diferentes do constructo qualidade de vida. Conclusão: a avaliação de qualidade de vida da FACT-G parece orientar-se a aspetos emocionais e de interação social, enquanto que a EQ-5D orienta-se a aspetos de bem-estar físico e funcionalidade

Wild Ungulates Constitute the Basis of the Diet of the Iberian Wolf in a Recently Recolonized Area: Wild Boar and Roe Deer as Key Species for Its Conservation

The Iberian wolf (Canis lupus signatus) is recolonizing historical distribution areas after decades of absence. As in other human-dominated landscapes, finding a balance to protect this species by favoring recolonization and mitigating human–wildlife conflicts is a challenge. Since wolves are often generalist opportunistic predators, we studied their diet composition in central Spain to evaluate the consumption of domestic ungulates and provide reliable data that could help local authorities to deal with the current wolf–cattle ranchers conflict and coexistence. Diet composition (% prey occurrence, % prey ingested biomass) was analyzed through the identification of prey hairs present in 671 scats collected between 2017 and 2021. The wolves fed more on wild ungulates (82% occurrence) than domestic ones (18%). Wild boar (Sus scrofa, 44% occurrence) and roe deer (Capreolus capreolus, 35%) were the most consumed prey. The wolves positively selected these two species. The wolves’ diets varied between seasons, years, and forest regions, but a diet based on wild ungulates predominated over domestic ones. Food niche breadth showed variations depending on seasons and years. Preserving the availability and diversity of wild ungulates may favor reducing livestock attacks and would be an achievable goal that would help to conserve this species and reduce conservation conflictsFinancial support was provided by Consejería de Medio Ambiente, Administración Local y Ordenación del Territorio de la Comunidad de Madrid and Sierra de Guadarrama National Park (projects: 10/329633.9/18, 10/122964.9/19, 10/180884.9/19; contracts: 2020/0112, 2020/0169, 2020/0379, 2020/0528, 2021/0138

Immunohistochemical field parcellation of the human hippocampus along its antero-posterior axis

The primate hippocampus includes the dentate gyrus, cornu ammonis (CA), and subiculum. CA is subdivided into four felds (CA1-CA3, plus CA3h/hilus of the dentate gyrus) with specifc pyramidal cell morphology and connections. Work in non-human mammals has shown that hippocampal connectivity is precisely patterned both in the laminar and longitudinal axes. One of the main handicaps in the study of neuropathological semiology in the human hippocampus is the lack of clear laminar and longitudinal borders. The aim of this study was to explore a histochemical segmentation of the adult human hippocampus, integrating feld (medio-lateral), laminar, and anteroposterior longitudinal patterning. We provide criteria for head-body-tail feld and subfeld parcellation of the human hippocampus based on immunodetection of Rabphilin3a (Rph3a), Purkinje-cell protein 4 (PCP4), Chromogranin A and Regulation of G protein signaling-14 (RGS-14). Notably, Rph3a and PCP4 allow to identify the border between CA3 and CA2, while Chromogranin A and RGS-14 give specifc staining of CA2. We also provide novel histological data about the composition of human-specifc regions of the anterior and posterior hippocampus. The data are given with stereotaxic coordinates along the longitudinal axis. This study provides novel insights for a detailed region-specifc parcellation of the human hippocampus useful for human brain imaging and neuropathologyOpen Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. EG-A, IP-S and CC were the recipients of grants from the Chair in Neuroscience UAM-Fundación Tatiana Pérez de Guzmán el Bueno (Spain), and from thePlan Propio de Investigaciónof the University of La Laguna. LMP was the recipient of grant PID2021-124829NB-I00 from the Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spai

Necrosis avascular idiopática del hueso grande. Reporte de caso

Introduction. Avascular necrosis (AVN) of the capitate bone is a rare disease of unknown etiology that usually appears in young people and causes chronic pain and functional impotence in the wrist. There are multiple treatments for this pathology; however, there is currently no clear consensus on the indications for these techniques. Presentation of the case. A 27-year-old woman who attended the Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology Service of a tertiary care institution for pain in the left wrist that she began eight months ago. As the only antecedent of importance, she had presented a blow in the area. No alterations were found in the X-ray presented by the patient. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was ordered, which showed an extensive trabecular fracture of the capitate with signs of pseudoarthrosis and bone edema, for which conservative management was initiated. In the follow-up MRI, performed one year later, persistence of bone edema was observed, so AVN of the capitate was suspected and a computerized axial tomography was performed, which confirmed the diagnosis. The patient was treated by arthroscopic resection of the proximal pole of the capitate with good short-term results. Conclusion. It is necessary to carry out new studies with long-term results that compare the different therapeutic options to clarify the best treatment for this rare disease.Introducción. La necrosis avascular (NAV) del hueso grande es una enfermedad rara y de etiología desconocida que suele aparecer en personas jóvenes y causa dolor crónico e impotencia funcional en la muñeca. Existen múltiples tratamientos para esta patología; sin embargo, actualmente no hay un consenso claro sobre las indicaciones de estas técnicas. Presentación del caso. Mujer de 27 años quien asistió al Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología de una institución de tercer nivel de atención por dolor en la muñeca izquierda que comenzó ocho meses atrás. Como único antecedente de importancia, había presentado un golpe en el área. En la radiografía que presentó la paciente no se encontraron alteraciones. Se ordenó resonancia magnética nuclear (RMN) que mostró fractura trabecular extensa del hueso grande con signos de pseudoartrosis y edema óseo, por lo que se inició manejo conservador. En la RMN de control, realizada un año después, se observó persistencia de edema óseo, por lo que se sospechó NAV del hueso grande y se realizó tomografía axial computarizada que confirmó el diagnóstico. La paciente fue tratada mediante resección artroscópica del polo proximal del hueso grande con buenos resultados a corto plazo. Conclusión. Es necesario realizar nuevos estudios con resultados a largo plazo y que comparen las diferentes opciones terapéuticas para esclarecer el mejor tratamiento de esta rara enfermedad

Sistematización de experiencias: Diferentes miradas de una vivencia

La cartilla que se da a conocer a continuación permite profundizar en la sistematización de experiencias, centrándose en las definiciones desde diferente autores, el origen del concepto, las características, los pasos a seguir para realizar, las técnicas utilizadas para la recolección de los datos y finalmente una sección de ejemplos que le permitirán al lector conocer la aplicación de este método.http://www.ustavillavicencio.edu.co/home/index.php/unidades/extension-y-proyeccion/investigacio

Pseudotumor Endobronquial asociado a Aspergilosis. A propósito de un caso. Hospital Teodoro Maldonado Carbo

Se menciona el término de pseudotumor endobronquial ante la presencia de una imagen que ocupaba la luz de un bronquio que resultó ser, después de varios estudios, un cuerpo extraño que había pasado inadvertido para el paciente durante 3 años. La presencia de un cuerpo extraño endobronquial en adultos puede ser de difícil diagnóstico, cuando no es referido el antecedente de aspiración y a encontrarse asociado a otras patologías. Se expone un caso clínico de difícil diagnóstico y alta complejidad ante la presencia de tumoración endobronquial que inicialmente por broncoscopía fue definida como aspergilosis endobronquial; presentando posteriormente neumonía severa y fue en un segundo intento de biopsia para evitar cirugía, que se logra remover la lesión que resultó ser una semilla de tamarindo que el paciente la había aspirado años atrás; con la posterior complicación de sepsis e insuficiencia respiratoria que requirió asistencia ventilatoria mecánica y antibióticos de amplio espectro; cursando posteriormente con recuperación total. En conclusión ante la presencia de una imagen endobronquial se debe tener en cuenta la posibilidad de cuerpo extraño dentro de los diagnósticos diferenciales; siendo la broncoscopía el método ideal para su diagnóstico definitivo y evitando así realizar intervenciones quirúrgicas