Evaluacion de cepas nativas chilenas de Bacillus thuringiensis en Chile y en Mexico

51 p.Una plaga de importancia que afecta al cultivo del tomate (Lycopersicun escu/entum, Mills), corresponde a la polilla del tomate (Tuta absoluta, Meyrich), la cual puede ocasionar danos del orden al 60-100 % en cultivos sin tratar. Bacillus thuringiensis ha demostrado ser una buena alternativa de control. Dos objetivos fueron considerados en este estudio:1)realizar un estudio sobre la diversidad de BT en muestras de suelo recogidas en la zona central del país y 2) estudiar la viabilidad de usar larvicidas bacterianos para controlar esta plaga. Tres cepas fueron seleccionadas para su evaluación como insecticida contra la polilla del tomate, según los siguientes criterios: colonia y morfología parasporal de la inclusión, SDS-PAGE, Western Blotting y bioensayos. Además se utilizó la técnica del PCR con partidores específicos, con lo cual se logro una clasificación genotípica de las cepas. Los genes cry que se encontraron fueron co/Ma, cry 1Ab, ay Mc, cry1D, cry 1F y ciy3. Las cepas estudiadas resultaron ser todas mas efectivas que nuestro control sin BT y que Dipel (Bacillus thuringiensis var. kursta/ . El tiempo fetal 50 (TL(5o)) mas bajo lo obtuvieron la cepa LM-033 (123 horas) y la cepa LM-012 (98 horas) a la dosis mas baja (1,56 p glml)

REPRESENTAÇÕES SOCIAIS DOS ADOLESCENTES ACERCA DA VIOLÊNCIA DOMÉSTICA

Com o objetivo de analisar as representações sociais dos adolescentes sobre a violência doméstica realizou-se esta pesquisa qualitativa junto a 18 alunos de escolas de ensino médio em Passo Fundo - RS, com técnicas projetivas e entrevistas semi-estruturadas, evidenciando-se a representação da violência como um fenômeno presente na sociedade, ancorada no consumo de drogas, na defesa pessoal com porte de armas e na conduta anti-social. A violência doméstica é representada como uma atitude de fuga e defesa, maléfica, intencional e impune e como uma banalização legitimada. Essas representações ancoram-se na sensação de abandono e rejeição, cuja superação deverá ser buscada de forma multidimensional para a internalização de novas práticas e condutas socialmente aceitas

Evaluaci\uf3n de cepas nativas de Bacillus thuringiensis como una alternativa de manejo integrado de la polilla del tomate ( Tuta absoluta Meyrick; Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) en Chile

The tomato moth ( Tuta absoluta Meyrick; Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)is the most devastating insect pest of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) crops in Chile, producing losses from 60 to 100% in non-insecticide treated fields. Because pests are evolving to resistance levels to convencional insecticides, there is interest for alternative strategies including the use of biopesticides. In this work the insecticidal potential of native Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) strains against this plague was studied. Bt isolates were collected from soil samples of the VII Region of Chile, and characterized using different criteria: colony and parasporal inclusion morphologies, SDS-PAGE, western blotting analysis and bioassays against T. absoluta larvae.Using the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)technique, a genotype classification was performed using specific primers. All the native strains had genes belonging to cry1 family. Two isolates displayed a relevant toxic activity against T. absoluta larvae and could constitute an alternative for controlling this pest. These strains proved to be more effective than the isolate obtained from the commercial Dipel Bt formulation (B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki).La polilla del tomate ( Tuta absoluta Meyrick; Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) es la plaga m\ue1s devastadora del cultivo del tomate ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) en Chile, produciendo p\ue9rdidas del 60 al 100% en campos no tratados con insecticidas. Puesto que las plagas de insectos est\ue1n desarrollando niveles de resistencia a los insecticidas convencionales, existe inter\ue9s por estrategias de control que incluyen el empleo de biopesticidas. En el presente trabajo se estudi\uf3 el potencial de aislados nativos de Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) con actividad t\uf3xica contra esta plaga. Los aislados de Bt fueron colectados de muestras de suelo provenientes de la VII Regi\uf3n del pa\ueds, y fueron caracterizados empleando diferentes criterios: morfolog\ueda de la colonia y de la inclusi\uf3n paraesporal, electroforesis en condiciones desnaturantes, an\ue1lisis Western y bioensayos contra larvas de T. absoluta. Usando la t\ue9cnica Reacci\uf3n en Cadena de la Polimerasa (PCR) se obtuvo una clasificaci\uf3n del contenido g\ue9nico utilizando partidores espec\uedficos. Todas las cepas nativas seleccionadas pose\uedangenes de la familia cry1. Dos aislados mostraron una actividad t\uf3xica relevante contra la larva de T. absoluta y podr\uedan constituir una alternativa para el control de esta plaga. Estas cepas resultaron ser m\ue1s efectivas que el aislado obtenido desde el producto comercial Dipel (B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki)

Trace Metals do not Accumulate over Time in The Edible Mediterranean Jellyfish Rhizostoma pulmo (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa) from Urban Coastal Waters

Jellyfish as food represent a millennial tradition in Asia. Recently, jellyfish have also been proposed as a valuable source of protein in Western countries. To identify health risks associated with the potential human consumption of jellyfish as food, trace element accumulation was assessed in the gonads and umbrella tissues of the Mediterranean Rhizostoma pulmo (Macri, 1778), sampled over a period of 16 months along the shallow coastal waters a short distance from the city of Taranto, an area affected by metallurgic and oil refinery sources of pollution. Higher tissue concentrations of trace elements were usually detected in gonads than in umbrella tissue. In particular, significant differences in the toxic metalloid As, and in the metals Mn, Mo, and Zn, were observed among different tissues. The concentrations of vanadium were slightly higher in umbrella tissues than in gonads. No positive correlation was observed between element concentration and jellyfish size, suggesting the lack of bioaccumulation processes. Moreover, toxic element concentrations in R. pulmo were found below the threshold levels for human consumption allowed by Australian, USA, and EU Food Regulations. These results corroborate the hypothesis that R. pulmo is a safe, potentially novel food source, even when jellyfish are harvested from coastal areas affected by anthropogenic impacts

The Microbial Community Associated with Rhizostoma pulmo: Ecological Significance and Potential Consequences for Marine Organisms and Human Health

Jellyfish blooms are frequent and widespread in coastal areas worldwide, often associated with significant ecological and socio-economic consequences. Recent studies have also suggested cnidarian jellyfish may act as vectors of bacterial pathogens. The scyphomedusa Rhizostoma pulmo is an outbreak-forming jellyfish widely occurring across the Mediterranean basin. Using combination of culture-based approaches and a high-throughput amplicon sequencing (HTS), and based on available knowledge on a warm-affinity jellyfish-associated microbiome, we compared the microbial community associated with R. pulmo adult jellyfish in the Gulf of Taranto (Ionian Sea) between summer (July 2016) and winter (February 2017) sampling periods. The jellyfish-associated microbiota was investigated in three distinct compartments, namely umbrella, oral arms, and mucus secretion. Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chlamydiae, Cyanobacteria, Deinococcus-Thermus, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria, Planctomycetes, Proteobacteria, Rhodothermaeota, Spirochaetes, Tenericutes, and Thaumarchaeota were the phyla isolated from all the three R. pulmo compartments in the sampling times. In particular, the main genera Mycoplasma and Spiroplasma, belonging to the class Mollicutes (phylum Tenericutes), have been identified in all the three jellyfish compartments. The taxonomic microbial data were coupled with metabolic profiles resulting from the utilization of 31 different carbon sources by the BIOLOG Eco-Plate system. Microorganisms associated with mucus are characterized by great diversity. The counts of culturable heterotrophic bacteria and potential metabolic activities are also remarkable. Results are discussed in terms of R. pulmo ecology, the potential health hazard for marine and human life as well as the potential biotechnological applications related to the associated microbiome

Caracterización de Péptidos de la piel de Anfibios de la Patagonia mediante técnicas de Biología Molecular: Su aplicación como antimicrobianos

Los péptidos antimicrobianos (PAMs) presentan buena actividad contra una amplia variedad de patógenos, incluyendo bacterias resistentes a antibióticos. Debido a su carácter anfipático lograron mantenerse efectivos evitando el desarrollo de resistencia por parte de los microorganismos. Muchos están actualmente aprobados para uso clínico, otros se encuentran en estado avanzado de desarrollo para uso tópico, oral o sistémico. Los anfibios presentan en su piel una fuente muy abundante de PAMs y, si bien muchas especies han sido estudiadas en todo el mundo, las especies de la Patagonia aún no han sido exploradas. Los PAMs presentes en la secreción cutánea de anfibios son sintetizados y procesados a partir de la traducción de ARNm característicos que contienen dos regiones altamente conservadas (péptido señal y región acídica) y una región de péptido activo que puede ser altamente variable. Las regiones conservadas se observan entre especies pertenecientes a diferentes géneros y en las pertenecientes a distintas familias. Este proyecto propone identificar y caracterizar péptidos antimicrobianos presentes en la piel de los anfibios de la Patagonia.Fil: Cancelarich, Natalia Lorena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Instituto Patagónico para el Estudio de los Ecosistemas Continentales; ArgentinaFil: Basso, Nestor Guillermo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Instituto de Diversidad y Evolución Austral; ArgentinaFil: Marani, Mariela Mirta. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Instituto Patagónico para el Estudio de los Ecosistemas Continentales; Argentina6ta Jornada de Presentación de BecariosPuerto MadrynArgentinaCentro Nacional Patagónic

Identification of new ocellatin antimicrobial peptides by cdna precursor cloning in the frame of this family of intriguing peptides

Ocellatins are a family of antimicrobial peptides found exclusively in the Leptodactylus genus. To date, 10 species have been studied and more than 23 peptides described. Here we report the sequences of five new peptides from the skin of the frog Leptodactylus latrans (Anura: Leptodactylidae) determined by cDNA cloning of the complete prepro-peptide structures. The mature peptides were characterized with in silico tools and compared with those previously described. With 21 amino acid residues, this new set of peptides not previously described in the Leptodactylus genus share between 100 and 76.2% similarity to ocellatin antimicrobial peptides. These novel peptides are cationic and their three-dimensional (3D) structure holds the highly conserved residues G1, D4, K7, and K11 and a high theoretical amphipathic α-helix content. Furthermore, in silico analyses of these new peptides predicted antimicrobial activity. This study is framed in the context of previous work published about ocellatins, and therefore, provides a review of this intriguing family of peptides.Fil: Marani, Mariela Mirta. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Instituto Patagónico para el Estudio de los Ecosistemas Continentales; ArgentinaFil: Aguilar, Silvana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Instituto Patagónico para el Estudio de los Ecosistemas Continentales; ArgentinaFil: Cuzziol Boccioni, Ana Paula. Universidad Nacional del Litoral; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Instituto Patagónico para el Estudio de los Ecosistemas Continentales; ArgentinaFil: Cancelarich, Natalia Lorena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Instituto Patagónico para el Estudio de los Ecosistemas Continentales; ArgentinaFil: Basso, Nestor Guillermo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Instituto de Diversidad y Evolución Austral; ArgentinaFil: Albericio Palomera, Fernando. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Instituto de Química Avanzada de Catalunya; España. Universidad de Barcelona; España. University of KwaZulu-Natal; Sudáfric

531. Computational Pipeline for the Identification of Integration Sites and Novel Method for the Quantification of Clone Sizes in Clonal Tracking Studies

Gene-corrected cells in Gene Therapy (GT) treated patients can be tracked in vivo by means of vector integration site (IS) analysis, since each engineered clone becomes univocally and stably marked by an individual IS. As the proper IS identification and quantification is crucial to accurately perform clonal tracking studies, we designed a customizable and tailored pipeline to analyze LAM-PCR amplicons sequenced by Illumina MiSeq/HiSeq technology. The sequencing data are initially processed through a series of quality filters and cleaned from vector and Linker Cassette (LC) sequences with customizable settings. Demultiplexing is then performed according to the recognition of specific barcodes combination used upon library preparation and the sequences are aligned to the reference genome. Importantly, the human genome assembly Hg19 is composed of 93 contigs, among which the mitochondrial genome, unlocalized and unplaced contigs and some alternative haplotypes of chr6. While previous approaches aligned IS sequences only to the standard 24 human chromosomes, using the whole assembled genome allowed improving alignment accuracy and concomitantly increased the amount of detectable ISs. To date, we have processed 28 independent human sample sets retrieving 260,994 ISs from 189,270,566 sequencing reads. Although, sequencing read counts at each IS have been widely used to estimate the relative IS abundance, this method carries inherent accuracy constraints due to the rounds of exponential amplification required by LAM-PCR that might generate unbalances on the original clonal representation. More recently, a method based on genomic sonication has been proposed exploiting shear site counts to tag the number of original fragments belonging to each IS before PCR amplification. However, the number of cells composing a given clone could far exceed the number of fragments of different lengths that can be generated upon fragmentation in proximity of that given IS. This would rapidly saturate the available diversity of shear sites and progressively generate more and more same-site shearing on independent genomes. In order to overcome the described biases and reliably quantify ISs, we designed and tested a new LC encoding random barcodes. The new LC is composed of a known sequence of 29nt used as binding site for the primers upon amplification steps, a 6nt-random barcode, a fixed-anchor sequence of 6nt, a second 6nt-random barcode and a final known sequence of 22nt containing sticky ends for the three main restriction enzymes in use (MluI, HpyCH4IV and AciI). This peculiar design allowed increasing the accuracy of clonal diversity estimation since the fixed-anchor sequence acts as a control for sequencing reliability in the barcode area. The theoretical number of different available barcodes per clone (412=16,777,216) far exceeds the requirements for not saturating the original diversity of the analyzed sample (on average composed by around 50.000 cells). We validated this novel approach by performing assays on serial dilutions of individual clones carrying known ISs. The precision rate obtained was averagely around 99.3%, while the worst error rate reaches at most the 1.86%, confirming the reliability of IS quantification. We successfully applied the barcoded-LC system to the analysis of clinical samples from a Wiskott Aldrich Syndrome GT patient, collecting to date 50,215 barcoded ISs from 94,052,785 sequencing reads

Consecuencias energéticas de las nuevas reformas al código de edificación de la ciudad de Mendoza

El imperativo de alcanzar modalidades de desarrollo más sustentables en medios y largos plazos está fuera de todo cuestionamiento. Esta problemática se presenta con nitidez en los campos interrelacionados del hábitat y la energía. El sector edilicio urbano ofrece una significativa contribución potencial al desarrollo sustentable mediante la implementación de estrategias de conservación y utilización energética de la radiación solar para varios usos: acondicionamiento termolumínico de espacios, calentamiento de agua y generación fotovoltaica, en climas soleados. Si bien existen ya en muchos países normativas avanzadas que promueven estos usos, en los países emergentes existe aún un notorio atraso normativo. En la ciudad de Mendoza, una nueva ordenanza se ha incorporado al Código de Edificación; apunta a mejorar las condiciones ambientales en los edificios, particularmente en aspectos de iluminación y ventilación. Sin embargo, no aporta ningún avance en mejorar la eficiencia energética de los edificios y menos aún respecto al uso de la energía solar. El trabajo presenta resultados parciales de un estudio que tiene como meta determinar los impactos energéticos de la nueva norma y está enfocado a los entornos urbanos más típicos y problemáticos: tramas en cuadrícula de alta densidad, con distintos niveles de consolidación urbana. Los resultados indican algunos beneficios energéticos derivados de una mayor densidad edilicia, pero al mismo tiempo, una importante reducción de la energía solar disponible por unidad de volumen.The imperative of achieving more sustainable modes of development in mean and long term basis is beyond any question. This problematic presents itself neatly when dealing with the related fields of habitat and energy. The urban building sector offers a significant potential contribution to sustainable development through the implementation of conservation strategies and the energetic utilization of the solar radiation for various uses: thermal and luminous conditioning of inhabitable spaces, water heating and PV generation, in sunny climates. Even when there already exist in many countries, advanced normatives that promote these uses, in developing countries there is a notorious backwardness in the field. In the city of Mendoza, a new ordinance has been incorporated to the Municipal Building Code, aiming at the improvement of the environmental conditions, mainly by natural illumination and ventilation aspects. However, there is no contribution to the improvement of the energy efficiency in buildings and even less, regarding the use of solar energy. The paper presents partial results of a study that points-out the energetic impacts of the new Ordinance and it is focused on the more typical and difficult urban environments, in this respect: regular gridiron, high density at different levels of urban consolidation. The results indicate some energy benefits derived from the increase of building density but, at the same time, a significant reduction of the amount of solar energy available per unit volume.Asociación Argentina de Energías Renovables y Medio Ambiente (ASADES

Consecuencias energéticas de las nuevas reformas al código de edificación de la ciudad de Mendoza

El imperativo de alcanzar modalidades de desarrollo más sustentables en medios y largos plazos está fuera de todo cuestionamiento. Esta problemática se presenta con nitidez en los campos interrelacionados del hábitat y la energía. El sector edilicio urbano ofrece una significativa contribución potencial al desarrollo sustentable mediante la implementación de estrategias de conservación y utilización energética de la radiación solar para varios usos: acondicionamiento termolumínico de espacios, calentamiento de agua y generación fotovoltaica, en climas soleados. Si bien existen ya en muchos países normativas avanzadas que promueven estos usos, en los países emergentes existe aún un notorio atraso normativo. En la ciudad de Mendoza, una nueva ordenanza se ha incorporado al Código de Edificación; apunta a mejorar las condiciones ambientales en los edificios, particularmente en aspectos de iluminación y ventilación. Sin embargo, no aporta ningún avance en mejorar la eficiencia energética de los edificios y menos aún respecto al uso de la energía solar. El trabajo presenta resultados parciales de un estudio que tiene como meta determinar los impactos energéticos de la nueva norma y está enfocado a los entornos urbanos más típicos y problemáticos: tramas en cuadrícula de alta densidad, con distintos niveles de consolidación urbana. Los resultados indican algunos beneficios energéticos derivados de una mayor densidad edilicia, pero al mismo tiempo, una importante reducción de la energía solar disponible por unidad de volumen.The imperative of achieving more sustainable modes of development in mean and long term basis is beyond any question. This problematic presents itself neatly when dealing with the related fields of habitat and energy. The urban building sector offers a significant potential contribution to sustainable development through the implementation of conservation strategies and the energetic utilization of the solar radiation for various uses: thermal and luminous conditioning of inhabitable spaces, water heating and PV generation, in sunny climates. Even when there already exist in many countries, advanced normatives that promote these uses, in developing countries there is a notorious backwardness in the field. In the city of Mendoza, a new ordinance has been incorporated to the Municipal Building Code, aiming at the improvement of the environmental conditions, mainly by natural illumination and ventilation aspects. However, there is no contribution to the improvement of the energy efficiency in buildings and even less, regarding the use of solar energy. The paper presents partial results of a study that points-out the energetic impacts of the new Ordinance and it is focused on the more typical and difficult urban environments, in this respect: regular gridiron, high density at different levels of urban consolidation. The results indicate some energy benefits derived from the increase of building density but, at the same time, a significant reduction of the amount of solar energy available per unit volume.Asociación Argentina de Energías Renovables y Medio Ambiente (ASADES