Phenylpropanoids in Silybum marianum cultures treated with cyclodextrins coated with magnetic nanoparticles

[EN] The glucose oligosaccharide-derived cyclodextrins (CDs) are used for improving bioactive compound production in plant cell cultures because, in addition to their elicitation activity, CDs promote product removal from cells. However, despite these advantages, the industrial application of CDs is hampered by their high market price. A strategy to overcome this constraint was recently tested, in which reusable CD polymers coated with magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles were harnessed in Vitis vinifera cell cultures to produce t-resveratrol (t-R). In this study, we applied hydroxypropyl-β-CDs (HPCD) and HPCDs coated with magnetic nanoparticles (HPCD-EPI-MN) in methyl jasmonate (MJ)-treated transgenic Silybum marianum cultures ectopically expressing either a stilbene synthase gene (STS) or a chalcone synthase gene (CHS), and compared their efects on the yields of t-R and naringenin (Ng), respectively. HPCD-EPI-MN at 15 g/L stimulated the accumulation of metabolites in the culture medium of the corresponding transgenic cell lines, with up to 4 mg/L of t-R and 3 mg/L of Ng released after 3 days. Similar amounts were produced in cultures treated with HPCD. Concentrations higher than 15 g/L of HPCD-EPI-MN and prolonged incubation periods negatively afected cell growth and viability in both transgenic cell lines. Reutilization of HPCD-EPI-MN was possible in three elicitation cycles (72 h each), after which the polymer retained 25–30% of its initial efciency, indicating good stability and reusability. Due to their capacity to adsorb metabolites and their recyclability, the application of magnetic CD polymers may reduce the costs of establishing efcient secondary metabolite production systems on a commercial scale.Publicación en abierto financiada por el Consorcio de Bibliotecas Universitarias de Castilla y León (BUCLE), con cargo al Programa Operativo 2014ES16RFOP009 FEDER 2014-2020 DE CASTILLA Y LEÓN, Actuación:20007-CL - Apoyo Consorcio BUCLE

Accumulation and tolerance of cadmium in a non- metallicolous ecotype of Silene vulgaris Garcke (Moench)

En este estudio, se analizó el efecto de diferentes concentraciones de Cd2+ sobre un ecotipo de Silene vulgaris Garcke (Moench). La concentración de 60 μM de Cd2+ provocó una ligera inhibición del crecimiento de las plantas mientras que la concentración más alta (120 μM) redujo drásticamente la biomasa y la elongación de la raíz y los brotes. Además, se detectaron altos niveles de Cd2+ en las plantas, un coeficiente de bioacumulación elevado en las raí- ces y un bajo factor de translocación indicando que el ecotipo de S. vulgaris empleado en este estudio presenta una alta capacidad de acumulación de Cd2+ en las raíces y sería un buen candidato para la fitoestabilización, lo que contribuiría a reducir los niveles de Cd2+ en el suelo. Además, los resultados obtenidos indican que se debe tener precaución con el origen de esta planta, ya que podría representar una fuente adicional de Cd2+ en la dieta humana

Enhanced extracellular production of trans-resveratrol in Vitis vinifera suspension cultured cells by using cyclodextrins and coronatine

In the present work the effect of cyclodextrin and coronatine on both trans-resveratrol production and the expression of stilbene biosynthetic genes in Vitis vinifera L. cv Monastrell suspension cultured cells were evaluated. The results showed the maximum level of trans-resveratrol produced by cells and secreted to the culture medium with 50 mM cyclodextrins and 1 μM coronatine. Since the levels of trans-resveratrol produced in the combined treatment were higher than the sum of the individual treatments, a synergistic effect between both elicitors was assumed. In addition, all the analysed genes were induced by cyclodextrins and/or coronatine. The expression of the phenylalanine ammonia lyase and stilbene synthase genes was greatly enhanced by coronatine although an increase in the amount of trans-resveratrol in the spent medium was not detected. Therefore, despite the fact that trans-resveratrol production is related with the expression of genes involved in the biosynthetic process, other factors may be involved, such as post-transcriptional and post-traductional regulation. The expression maximal levels of cinnamate 4-hydroxylase and 4-coumarate-CoA ligase genes were found with cyclodextrins alone or in combination with coronatine suggesting that the activity of these enzymes could be not only important for the formation of intermediates of trans-R biosynthesis but also for those intermediates involved in the biosynthesis of lignins and/or flavonoids.This work has been supported by the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (BIO2011-29856-C02-02 and BIO2014-51861-R)

Iodine-mediated oxidation of resveratrol. An electroanalytical study using platinum and glassy carbon electrodes

Resveratrol is a phenolic compound that shows important biological antioxidant activities. In this paper, the electrochemical oxidation of iodide in the presence of resveratrol was investigated using both platinum and glassy carbon electrodes. The experimental results showed a diffusion controlled process for the oxidation of iodide to iodine, followed by the chemical reaction of iodine with resveratrol. The possible applicability of iodine-mediated reaction in the quantitative analysis of resveratrol was studied, obtaining sensitivities of 0.98 ± 0.03 and 4.22 ± 0.20 AM-1 cm-2 using platinum and glassy carbon electrodes, respectively. The resveratrol content in a sample obtained from the extracellular medium of elicited suspension-cultured cells of Vitis vinifera was evaluated and compared with data obtained by HPLC analysis, with good correlations. The signal of other compounds that may be present in the samples or they are precursors of the biosynthesis of trans-resveratrol (L-ascorbic, glycine, saccharose, tyrosine, cinnamic acid and p-coumaric acid) was also evaluated, which shows lower interferences when using glassy carbon electrodes

Servicio de Atención Psicológica en el Hospital Marina Baixa (SAPMB) durante la Pandemia Covid-19

El presente trabajo pretende mostrar la puesta en marcha del Servicio de Atención Psicológica en el Hospital Marina Baixa durante la pandemia COVID-19 (Villajoyosa, Alicante), así como detallar la intervención realizada con diferentes tipos de afectados. El servicio se crea fundamentado en el papel clave de la prevención primaria, resaltando el cuidado emocional de las personas y ofreciendo intervención en crisis. Se propusieron objetivos como prestar apoyo psicológico al personal interviniente en primera línea, a personas ingresadas afectadas por el virus y a sus familiares. Con el personal sanitario se llevaron a cabo intervenciones grupales de regulación emocional basadas en Mindfulness e intervenciones telefónicas/presenciales con aquellos que lo requirieron. Respecto a los pacientes, la intervención consistió en asistencia psicológica de manera presencial y telefónica a pacientes positivos ingresados y los familiares de éstos. Se registraron el número de usuarios atendidos en las diferentes formas de intervención, que se tuvo que ir adaptando a las necesidades detectadas en la población atendida y a la evolución de la pandemia. Los resultados muestran como, mediante la creación de este servicio, se cumplieron los objetivos marcadosThis paper develops the start-up of the Psychological Care Service at the Marina Baixa Hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic (Villajoyosa, Alicante, Spain), as well as detailing intervention carried out with different types of affected people. The implementation of the service is based on the key role of primary prevention, highlighting the emotional care of people, and offering intervention in crisis. Objectives were proposed such as providing psychological support to first-line personnel, as well as hospitalized persons affected by the virus and their families. Emotional regulation interventions based on Mindfulness and telephone or face to face intervention were carried out with healthcare personnel, as well as telephone and face to face intervention, in some cases that required it, of patient admitted to both ward and intensive care unit. Number of users served in different intervention formats was recorded, which had to be adapted to needs detected in population served and to pandemic evolution. Results show that by creating this service objectives set were met

Postmortem Interval and Diagnostic Performance of the Autopsy Methods

Postmortem studies, including the complete diagnostic autopsy (CDA) and the minimally invasive autopsy (MIA), an innovative approach to post-mortem sampling and cause of death investigation, are commonly performed within 24 hours after death because the quality of the tissues deteriorates over time. This short timeframe may hamper the feasibility of the procedure. In this study, we compared the diagnostic performance of the two postmortem procedures when carried out earlier and later than 24 hours after death, as well as the impact of increasing postmortem intervals (PMIs) on the results of the microbiological tests in a series of 282 coupled MIA/CDA procedures performed at the Maputo Central Hospital in Mozambique between 2013 and 2015. 214 procedures were conducted within 24 hours of death (early autopsies), and 68 after 24 hours of death (late autopsies). No significant differences were observed in the number of non-conclusive diagnoses (2/214 [1%] vs. 1/68 [1%] p = 0.5645 for the CDA; 27/214 [13%] vs. 5/68 [7%] p = 0.2332 for the MIA). However, increasing PMIs were associated with a raise in the number of bacteria identified (rate: 1.014 per hour [95%CI: 1.002-1.026]; p = 0.0228). This increase was mainly due to rising numbers of bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae family and Pseudomonas genus strains. Thus, performing MIA or CDA more than 24 hours after death can still render reliable diagnostic results, not only for non-infectious conditions but also for many infectious diseases, although, the contribution of Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas spp. as etiological agents of infections leading to death may be overestimated

Differential Response of Phenol Metabolism Associated with Antioxidative Network in Elicited Grapevine Suspension Cultured Cells under Saline Conditions

Highly productive trans-resveratrol (t-R) grapevine suspension cultured cells (SCC) and two effective elicitors, methyl jasmonate (MJ) and randomly methylated β-cyclodextrins (CDs), were used to analyze the extent to which salt treatments alter the production of bioactive phenolic compounds. The expression/activity profile of the enzymes involved in phenol metabolism and antioxidant networks were also studied. A marked extracellular accumulation of phenolic compounds, especially t-R, was found in SCC elicited with CDs and/or MJ under saline conditions. However, the treatments with MJ alone and all those combined with salt favored the intracellular accumulation of catechin and ferulic acid. The salt-induced accumulation of phenolics was correlated with the higher total antioxidant capacity values found in cells, suggesting that cellular redox homeostasis under saline conditions was largely maintained by increasing phenolic compound production. These higher levels of phenolics found in elicited cells under saline conditions fit well with the highest activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase. Moreover, antioxidant enzyme activities were boosted in treatments with MJ and/or in those combined with salt and decreased in those treated with CDs. These results suggest a differential response of the antioxidative network to the presence of elicitors under saline conditions

Análisis funcional de la producción de compuestos con actividad antitumoral a partir de cultivos celulares sometidos a elicitación / Lorena Almagro Romero; directora, María Angeles Pedreño García.

Texto en español, resumen y conclusiones en inglés.Tesis-Universidad de Murcia.Consulte la tesis en: BCA. GENERAL. ARCHIVO UNIVERSITARIO. TM 4255