Dynamics of Psychology Students’ “Image of a Psychologist” Conception during Education

AbstractThe purpose of the presented study was to investigate how the content of the media images of psychologists is reflected on the psychology students’ self-consciousness and how the “image of a psychologist” changes its content during education. We compared the “image of a psychologist” of university entrants and students of various years of psychological education. The study involved 62 university entrants and 92 students of the first, third and fifth years of psychology education. The “image of a psychologist” portrait characteristics were evaluated by T. Leary's “Interpersonal diagnosis of personality” instrument modified by Sobchik. The “image of a psychologist” positioning in entrants’ and students’ professional identity was investigated by the “multiple identifications” method. The dynamics of the “image of a psychologist” conceptions were explored by the age-slicing method. The results of the study showed that entrants of psychology education had a positive but mythicized “image of a psychologist”. During education the “image of a psychologist” in students’ self-consciousness transformed: it became authentic, true to life, with normal and variant portrait features, as a professional self-identification image. Also during education the “image of a psychologist” lost features of a mentor or guardian and became a real life guide

Sex differences in self-construal and in depressive symptoms: predictors of cross-national variation

Sex differences in aspects of independent versus interdependent self-construal and depressive symptoms were surveyed among 5,320 students from 24 nations. Men were found to perceive themselves as more self-contained whereas women perceived themselves as more connected to others. No significant sex differences were found on two further dimensions of self-construal, or on a measure of depressive symptoms. Multilevel modeling was used to test the ability of a series of predictors derived from a social identity perspective and from evolutionary theory to moderate sex differences. Contrary to most prior studies of personality, sex differences in self-construal were larger in samples from nations scoring lower on the Gender Gap Index, and the Human Development Index. Sex differences were also greater in nations with higher pathogen prevalence, higher self-reported religiosity, and in nations with high reported avoidance of settings with strong norms. The findings are discussed in terms of the interrelatedness of self-construals and the cultural contexts in which they are elicited and the distinctiveness of student samples

Need for approval from others and face concerns as predictors of interpersonal conflict outcome in 29 cultural groups

The extent to which culture moderates the effects of need for approval from others on a person's handling of interpersonal conflict was investigated. Students from 24 nations rated how they handled a recent interpersonal conflict, using measures derived from face-negotiation theory. Samples varied in the extent to which they were perceived as characterised by the cultural logics of dignity, honour, or face. It was hypothesised that the emphasis on harmony within face cultures would reduce the relevance of need for approval from others to face-negotiation concerns. Respondents rated their need for approval from others and how much they sought to preserve their own face and the face of the other party during the conflict. Need for approval was associated with concerns for both self-face and other-face. However, as predicted, the association between need for approval from others and concern for self-face was weaker where face logic was prevalent. Favourable conflict outcome was positively related to other-face and negatively related to self-face and to need for approval from others, but there were no significant interactions related to prevailing cultural logics. The results illustrate how particular face-threatening factors can moderate the distinctive face-concerns earlier found to characterise individualistic and collectivistic cultural groups

Need for approval from others and face concerns as predictors of interpersonal conflict outcome in 29 cultural groups

The extent to which culture moderates the effects of need for approval from others on a person´s handling of interpersonal conflict was investigated. Students from 24 nations rated how they handled a recent interpersonal conflict, using measures derived from face-negotiation theory. Samples varied in the extent to which they were perceived as characterised by the cultural logics of dignity, honour, or face. It was hypothesised that the emphasis on harmony within face cultures would reduce the relevance of need for approval from others to face-negotiation concerns. Respondents rated their need for approval from others and how much they sought to preserve their own face and the face of the other party during the conflict. Need for approval was associated with concerns for both self-face and other-face. However, as predicted, the association between need for approval from others and concern for self-face was weaker where face logic was prevalent. Favourable conflict outcome was positively related to other-face and negatively related to self-face and to need for approval from others, but there were no significant interactions related to prevailing cultural logics. The results illustrate how particular face-threatening factors can moderate the distinctive face-concerns earlier found to characterise individualistic and collectivistic cultural groups.Fil: Lun, Vivian Miu Chi. Lingnan University; Hong KongFil: Smith, Peter B.. University of Sussex; Reino UnidoFil: Grigoryan, Lusine. University of York; Reino UnidoFil: Torres, Claudio. Universidade do Brasília; BrasilFil: Papastylianou, Antonia. National And Kapodistrian University of Athens; GreciaFil: Lopukhova, Olga G.. Kazan Federal University; RusiaFil: Sunar, Diane. Istanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi; TurquíaFil: Easterbrook, Matthew J.. University of Sussex; Reino UnidoFil: Koc, Yasin. University of Groningen; Países BajosFil: Selim, Heyla A.. King Saud University; Arabia SauditaFil: Chobthamkit, Phatthanakit. Thammasat University; TailandiaFil: Chaleeraktrakoon, Trawin. Thammasat University; TailandiaFil: Gul, Pelin. University of Groningen; Países BajosFil: Perez Floriano, Lorena. Universidad Diego Portales; ChileFil: Diaz Loving, Rolando. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; MéxicoFil: Kwantes, Catherine T.. University Of Windsor; CanadáFil: Yuki, Masaki. Hokkaido University; JapónFil: Ogusu, Natsuki. Hokkaido University; JapónFil: van Osch, Yvette. Tilburg University; Países BajosFil: Efremova, Maria. Hse University; RusiaFil: Delfino, Gisela Isabel. Universidad Pontificia Comillas; España. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Gamsakhurdia, Vladimer. Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University; GeorgiaFil: Gavreliuc, Alin. West University of Timisoara; RumaniaFil: Gavreliuc, Dana. West University of Timisoara; RumaniaFil: Gunsoy, Ceren. Rhodes University; SudáfricaFil: Díaz Rivera, Paola Eunice. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; MéxicoFil: Hakobjanyan, Anna. Yerevan State University; Armeni

Need for approval from others and face concerns as predictors of interpersonal conflict outcome in 29 cultural groups

The extent to which culture moderates the effects of need for approval from others on a person's handling of interpersonal conflict was investigated. Students from 24 nations rated how they handled a recent interpersonal conflict, using measures derived from face-negotiation theory. Samples varied in the extent to which they were perceived as characterised by the cultural logics of dignity, honour, or face. It was hypothesised that the emphasis on harmony within face cultures would reduce the relevance of need for approval from others to face-negotiation concerns. Respondents rated their need for approval from others and how much they sought to preserve their own face and the face of the other party during the conflict. Need for approval was associated with concerns for both self-face and other-face. However, as predicted, the association between need for approval from others and concern for self-face was weaker where face logic was prevalent. Favourable conflict outcome was positively related to other-face and negatively related to self-face and to need for approval from others, but there were no significant interactions related to prevailing cultural logics. The results illustrate how particular face-threatening factors can moderate the distinctive face-concerns earlier found to characterise individualistic and collectivistic cultural groups

Need for approval from others and face concerns as predictors of interpersonal conflict outcome in 29 cultural groups

The extent to which culture moderates the effects of need for approval from others on a person's handling of interpersonal conflict was investigated. Students from 24 nations rated how they handled a recent interpersonal conflict, using measures derived from face-negotiation theory. Samples varied in the extent to which they were perceived as characterised by the cultural logics of dignity, honour, or face. It was hypothesised that the emphasis on harmony within face cultures would reduce the relevance of need for approval from others to face-negotiation concerns. Respondents rated their need for approval from others and how much they sought to preserve their own face and the face of the other party during the conflict. Need for approval was associated with concerns for both self-face and other-face. However, as predicted, the association between need for approval from others and concern for self-face was weaker where face logic was prevalent. Favourable conflict outcome was positively related to other-face and negatively related to self-face and to need for approval from others, but there were no significant interactions related to prevailing cultural logics. The results illustrate how particular face-threatening factors can moderate the distinctive face-concerns earlier found to characterise individualistic and collectivistic cultural groups