MGS accelerometer data analysis with the LMD GCM

Mars Global Surveyor aerobreaking phases, required to achieve its mapping orbit, have yielded vertical profiles of thermospheric densities, scale heights and temperatures covering a broad range of local times, seasons and spatial coordinates [Keating et al. 1998, 2001]. Phase I covered local times from 11 to 16 h (assuming 24 "martian hours” per martian day or sols), with a latitude coverage of approximately 40deg to 60deg N. Seasons observed during this phase were centered around winter solstice and altitudes of periapsis range from 115 to 135 km. The altitudes for Phase II were lower, with a minimum around 100 km and a maximum around 120. Martian spring was the season covered during this phase and the local time was between 15 and 16 h. The latitude covered by Phase II, however, was more extense than that seen during Phase I, with a coverage from 60deg N to basically the South Pole

A new Mars Climate Database v5.1

International audienceWhat is the Mars Climate Database? The Mars Climate Database (MCD) is a database of meteorological fields derived from General Circulation Model (GCM) numerical simulations of the Martian atmosphere and validated using available observational data. The MCD includes complementary post-processing schemes such as high spatial resolution interpolation of environmental data and means of reconstructing the variability thereof. The GCM is developed at Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique du CNRS (Paris, France) [1-3] in collaboration with the Open University (UK), the Oxford University (UK) and the Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (Spain) with support from the European Space Agency (ESA) and the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES). The MCD is freely distributed and intended to be useful and used in the framework of engineering applications as well as in the context of scientific studies which require accurate knowledge of the state of the Martian atmosphere. The MCD may be accessed either online (in a somewhat simplified form) via an interactive server available at http://www-mars.lmd.jussieu.fr (useful for moderate needs), or from the complete version which includes advanced access and post-processing software (contact [email protected] and/or [email protected] to obtain a free copy). Overview of MCDv5 contents: The MCD provides mean values and statistics of the main meteorological variables (atmospheric temperature, density, pressure and winds) as well as atmospheric composition (including dust and water vapor and ice content), as the GCM from which the datasets are obtained includes water cycle [4-6], chemistry [7,8], and ionosphere [9,10] models. The database extends up to and including the thermosphere[11-13] (~350km). Since the influence of Extreme Ultra Violet (EUV) input from the sun is significant in the latter, 3 EUV scenarios (solar minimum, average and maximum inputs) account for the impact of the various states of the solar cycle

Investigations of the Mars Upper Atmosphere with ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter

The Martian mesosphere and thermosphere, the region above about 60 km, is not the primary target of the ExoMars 2016 mission but its Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO) can explore it and address many interesting issues, either in-situ during the aerobraking period or remotely during the regular mission. In the aerobraking phase TGO peeks into thermospheric densities and temperatures, in a broad range of latitudes and during a long continuous period. TGO carries two instruments designed for the detection of trace species, NOMAD and ACS, which will use the solar occultation technique. Their regular sounding at the terminator up to very high altitudes in many different molecular bands will represent the first time that an extensive and precise dataset of densities and hopefully temperatures are obtained at those altitudes and local times on Mars. But there are additional capabilities in TGO for studying the upper atmosphere of Mars, and we review them briefly. Our simulations suggest that airglow emissions from the UV to the IR might be observed outside the terminator. If eventually confirmed from orbit, they would supply new information about atmospheric dynamics and variability. However, their optimal exploitation requires a special spacecraft pointing, currently not considered in the regular operations but feasible in our opinion. We discuss the synergy between the TGO instruments, specially the wide spectral range achieved by combining them. We also encourage coordinated operations with other Mars-observing missions capable of supplying simultaneous measurements of its upper atmosphere

Mid-rapidity anti-proton to proton ratio from Au+Au collisions at sNN=130 \sqrt{s_{NN}} = 130 GeV

We report results on the ratio of mid-rapidity anti-proton to proton yields in Au+Au collisions at \rts = 130 GeV per nucleon pair as measured by the STAR experiment at RHIC. Within the rapidity and transverse momentum range of $|y|<0.5$ and 0.4 $<p_t<$ 1.0 GeV/$c$, the ratio is essentially independent of either transverse momentum or rapidity, with an average of $0.65\pm 0.01_{\rm (stat.)} \pm 0.07_{\rm (syst.)}$ for minimum bias collisions. Within errors, no strong centrality dependence is observed. The results indicate that at this RHIC energy, although the $p$-\pb pair production becomes important at mid-rapidity, a significant excess of baryons over anti-baryons is still present.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, accepted by Phys. Rev. Let

Mars atmosphere modelling and observations

The scope of the workshop is to bring together experts in modelling and observations of the Mars climate system and discuss the nature of the atmospheric circulation and photochemistry (up to the neutral thermosphere), the dust cycle, the water cycle (vapor, clouds and frost) and the carbon dioxide cycle (polar caps). The workshop also include a short session on the modelling of the climate changes on Mars due to orbital and obliquity changes. http://www-mars.lmd.jussieu.fr/granada2006

The Influence Of Sardine Consumption On The Omega-3 Fatty Acid Content Of Mature Human Milk

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate what effect the ingestion of sardines, rich in omega-3 series polyunsaturated fatty acids, has on the composition of breastmilk. Methods: This was a prospective study of 31 nursing mothers under observation at the Hospital Guilherme Álvaro. Each was given 2 kg of fresh sardines twice with a 15-day interval. Milk was sampled and a 24-hour dietary recall questionnaire was applied on days 0, 15 and 30. Milk was assayed for fatty acid content by gas chromatography. Statistical analysis of the results was performed using nonparametric tests with significance set at p &lt; 0.05. Results: The results demonstrate that the nutritional intake of the nursing mothers was adequate at all three sample points. With regard to the omega-3 series fatty acid content of the breastmilk, it was observed that regular consumption and shorter intervals between ingestion and milk collection resulted in higher concentrations of docosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid at 15 and 30 days into the study. Fatty acids from the omega-3 and omega-6 series exhibited a significant correlation, r2 was 0.58 and 0.59 at 15 and 30 days, respectively. Conclusion: These results suggest that incorporating fish into the diets of nursing mother during lactation, in the form of 100 g of sardines two or three times a week, contributes to an increase in omega-3 series fatty acids. Copyright © 2006 by Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria.8216369Martinez, M., Tissue levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids during early human development (1992) J Pediatr, 120 (4 PART 2), pp. S129-38Xiang, M., Alfvén, G., Blennow, M., Trygg, M., Zetterstrom, R., Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in human milk and brain growth during early infancy (1999) Acta Paediatr, 89, pp. 142-147Montgomery, C., Speake, K.B., Cameron, A., Sattar, N., Weaver, L.T., Maternal docosahexaenoic acid supplementation and fetal accretion (2003) Br J Nutr, 90, pp. 135-145Koletzko, B., Rodríguez-Palmero, A., Demmelmair, H., Fildler, N., Jensen, R., Sauerwald, T., Physiological aspects of human milk lipids (2001) Early Hum Dev, 65 (SUPPL.), pp. S3-18Presa-Owens, S., López-Sabater, M.C., Rivero-Urgell, M., Fatty acid composition of human milk in Spain (1996) J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr, 22, pp. 180-185Jørgensen, M.H., Hernell, O., Lund, P., Hølmer, G., Michaelsen, K.F., Visual acuity and erythrocyte docosahexaenoic acid status in breast-fed and formula-fed term infants during the first four months of life (1996) Lipids, 31, pp. 99-105Rocquelin, G., Tapsoba, S., Dop, M.C., Mbemba, F., Traissac, P., Martin-Prével, Y., Lipid content and essential fatty acid (EFA) composition of mature Congolese breast milk are influenced by mothers' nutritional status: Impact on infants' EFA supply (1998) Eur J Clin Nutr, 52, pp. 162-171Lauritzen, L., Jorgensen, M.L., Hansen, H.S., Michaelsen, K.F., Fluctuations in human milk long-chain PUFA levels in relation to dietary fish intake (2002) Lipids, 37, pp. 237-244Hartman, L., Lago, R.C., Rapid preparation of fatty acid methyl esters from lipids (1973) Lab Proc, 22, pp. 475-477Jensen, R.G., Bitman, J., Carlson, S.E., Couch, S.C., Hamosh, M., Neuwburg, D.S., Human milk lipids (1995) The Handbook of Milk Composition, pp. 495-537. , Jensen RG. San Diego: Academic PressHenderson, R.A., Jensen, R.G., Lammi-Keefe, C.J., Ferris, A.M., Dardick, K.R., Effect of fish oil on the fatty acid composition of human milk and maternal and infant erythrocytes (1992) Lipids, 27, pp. 863-869Obesity: Preventing and managing the global epidemic (1997) Report of a WHO Consultation on Obesity, , Geneva: WHOThompson, F.E., Byers, T., Dietary assessment resource manual (1994) J Nutr, 124 (11 SUPPL.), pp. S2245-317Anção, M.S., Cuppari, L., Tudisco, E.S., Draibe, A.S., Sigulen, D., (1995) Sistema de Apoio à Decisão Em Nutrição [Programa de Computador] Versão 2.5, , São Paulo: Centro de Informática em Saúde-Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP/EPM)Marmet, C., Extração manual do leite do seio: Técnica de Marmet (1981) Aleitamento Materno: Separata para Profissionais. Folheto Informativo 27, , Los Angeles: La Leche League InternationalFolch, J., Lees, M., Sloan-Stanley, G.H., A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissue (1957) J Biol Chem, 226, pp. 497-509James, A.T., Martin, A.J., Gas liquid chromatography: The separation and identification of the methyl esters of saturated and unsaturated acids from formic acid to n-octadecanoic acid (1956) Biochem J, 63, pp. 144-152Siegel, S., (1975) Estatística No Paramétrica, , Cidade do México: TrillasSauerwald, T.U., Demmelmair, H., Koletzko, B., Polyunsaturated fatty acid supply with human milk (2001) Lipids, 36, pp. 991-996Philippi, S.T., Latterza, A.R., Cruz, A.T., Ribeiro, L.C., Pirâmide alimentar adaptada: Guia para escolha dos alimentos (1999) Rev Nutr, 12, pp. 65-80Comment on the content and composition of lipids in infant formulas (1991) Acta Paediatr Scand, 80, pp. 887-896. , Committee ReportCoelho, M.R., Nóbrega, F.J., Estudo das gorduras totais, valor calórico total e proteínas totais no colostro de puérperas, segundo o nível sócio-econômico, o estado nutricional e a paridade (1989) J Pediatr (Rio J), 65, pp. 7-11Brasil, A.L., Vítolo, M.R., Ancona Lopez, F., Nóbrega, F.J., Fat and protein composition of mature milk in adolescents (1991) J Adolesc Health Care, 12, pp. 365-371Silva, M.P., Nóbrega, F.J., Ancona Lopez, F., Vítolo, M.R., Queiroz, S.S., Lipid composition (Total fats, caloric value and fatty acids) in the colostrum of adult nursing mothers of large for gestational age infants (1996) Human Milk Composition, pp. 171-180. , Nóbrega FJ. São Paulo: RevinterBell, S.J., Bradley, D., Forse, R.A., Bistrian, B.R., The new dietary fats in health and disease (1997) J Am Diet Assoc, 97, pp. 280-286Insull, W., Hirsch, J., James, T., Ahrens, E.H., The fatty acids of human milk. II. Alterations produced by manipulation of caloric balance and exchange of dietary fats (1959) J Clin Invest, 38, pp. 443-450Marckmann, P., Lassen, A., Haraldsdóttir, J., Sandström, B., Biomarkers of habitual fish intake in adipose tissue (1995) Am J Clin Nutr, 62, pp. 956-959Vidgen, H.M., Agren, J.J., Schwab, U., Rissanen, T., Hanninen, O., Uusitupa, M.I.J., Incorporation of n-3 fatty acids into plasma lipid fractions, and erythrocyte membranes and platelets during dietary supplementation with fish, fish oil, and docosahexanoic acid - Rich oil among healthy young men (1997) Lipids, 32, pp. 697-705Huang, Y.S., Wainwright, P.E., Redden, P.R., Mills, D.E., Bulman-Fleming, B., Horrobin, D.F., Effect of maternal dietary fats with variable n-3/n-6 ratios on tissue fatty acid composition in suckling mice (1992) Lipids, 27, pp. 104-110Harris, W.S., Connor, W.E., Lindsey, S., Will dietary n-3 fatty acids change the composition of human milk? (1984) Am J Clin Nutr, 40, pp. 780-78

Carbon monoxide and temperature in the upper atmosphere of Venus from VIRTIS/Venus Express non-LTE limb measurements

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Rotational temperatures of Venus upper atmosphere as measured by SOIR on board Venus Express

International audienceSOIR is a powerful infrared spectrometer flying on board the Venus Express spacecraft since mid-2006. It sounds the Venus atmosphere above the cloud layer using the solar occultation technique. In the recorded spectra, absorption structures from many species are observed, among them carbon dioxide, the main constituent of the Venus atmosphere. Previously, temperature vertical profiles were derived from the carbon dioxide density retrieved from the SOIR spectra by assuming hydrostatic equilibrium. These profiles show a permanent cold layer at 125 km with temperatures of ~100 K, surrounded by two warmer layers at 90 and 140 km, reaching temperatures of ~200 K and 250–300 K respectively. In this work, temperature profiles are derived from the SOIR spectra using another technique based on the ro-vibrational structure of carbon dioxide observed in the spectra. The error budget is extensively investigated. Temperature profiles obtained by both techniques are comparable within their respective uncertainties and they confirm the vertical structure previously determined from SOIR spectra

CO concentration in the upper stratosphere and mesosphere of Titan: non-LTE analysis of VIMS dayside limb observations at 4.7 um

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Thermal structure at the Venus terminator: Comparison of SOIR/Vex profiles with a radiative transfer model

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