A systematic review and meta-analysis of the diagnostic accuracy of the Phototest for cognitive impairment and dementia

The recently developed Phototest is a simple, easy and very brief test for detecting cognitive impairment or dementia. Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the Phototest for detecting cognitive impairment or dementia. METHODS: We used a manually created database to search for studies evaluating the Phototest diagnostic yield and performed an initial meta-analysis to determine sensitivity (Sn) and specificity (Sp) of diagnostic parameters. We also performed a second meta-analysis of individual participant data. RESULTS: In total, 6 studies were included in the meta-analysis. For dementia, Sn was 0.85 (95% CI, 0.82-0.88) and Sp 0.87 (95% CI, 0.85-0.99); for cognitive impairment, Sn was 0.80 (95% CI, 0.77-0.92) and Sp 0.88 (95% CI, 0.86-0.90). In the individual data meta-analysis, 1565 subjects were included, where best cut-off points for dementia and for cognitive impairment were 26/27 (Sn=0.89 (95% CI 0.85-0.91), Sp=0.84 (95% CI, 0.82-0.91)) and 28/29 (Sn=0.79 (95% CI, 0.76-0.81), Sp=0.88 (95% CI, 0.86-0.90)), respectively. CONCLUSION: Phototest has good diagnostic accuracy for dementia and cognitive impairment. It is brief, simple and can be used in illiterate persons. This makes it suitable for use in primary care settings and/or in subjects with low educational level.Phototest é um teste simples, fácil e muito rápido para detecção de comprometimento cognitivo e demência recentemente desenvolvido. Objetivo: Avaliar a acurácia diagnostica do Phototest para detecção de comprometimento cognitivo e demência. MÉTODOS: Nós usamos um banco de dados manualmente criado para estudos que avaliassem a capacidade diagnóstica do Phototest e realizamos uma meta-análise para determinar a sensibilidade (Sn) e especificidade (Ep) dos parâmetros diagnósticos. Nós também realizamos uma segunda meta-análise dos dados individuais dos participantes. RESULTADOS: Um total de seis estudos foram incluídos na meta-análise. Para demência a Sn foi 0.85 (95% CI, 0,82-0,88) e Ep 0,87 (95% CI, 0,85-0,99); para comprometimento cognitivo a Sn foi 0,80 (95% CI, 0,77-0,92) e Sp 0,88 (95% CI, 0,86-0,90). Na meta-análise de dados individuais, 1565 foram incluídos, os melhores escores de corte para demência e para comprometimento cognitivo foram 26/27 (Sn=0,89 (95% CI 0,85-0,91), Ep=0,84 (95% CI, 0,82-0,91)) e 28/29 (Sn=0,79 (95% CI, 0,76-0,81), Ep=0,88 (95% CI, 0,86-0,90)), respectivamente. CONCLUSÃO: Photest tem boa acurácia diagnostica para demência e comprometimento cognitivo. É breve, simples e pode ser usado em pessoas analfabetas. Tornando-o apropriado para o uso em cuidados primários e/ou sujeitos com baixo nível educacional.Fil: Carnero Pardo, Cristobal. Hospital Universitario Virgen de Las Nieves; España. Fidyan Neurocenter; EspañaFil: Lopez Alcalde Samuel. Fidyan Neurocenter; España. Hospital Universitario Virgen de Las Nieves; EspañaFil: Allegri, Ricardo Francisco. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Fundación para la Lucha Contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia. Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas ; ArgentinaFil: Russo, María Julieta. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Fundación para la Lucha Contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia. Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas ; Argentin

Nivel de creatividad del estudiante de la Facultad de Educación de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos 2016 – 2

Determina el nivel de creatividad de los estudiantes de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos 2016 –II. La metodología empleada corresponde a la investigación correlacional, se trabajó en una población de 992 alumnos matriculados, con una muestra de 278 estudiantes. Las Escuelas Académico Profesionales estudiadas son: Educación Inicial, Educación primaria, Educación Secundaria con las especialidades de Matemática y Física, Historia y Geografía, Biología y Química, inglés y Castellano, Lenguaje, Literatura y Comunicación, Filosofía, Tutoría y Ciencias Sociales. De acuerdo a los resultados estadísticos obtenidos, se confirmó la hipótesis general, que existe correlación significativa, entre los diferentes niveles de creatividad y las especialidades estudiadas

Comparability of Patients in Trials of E-Health and Face-To-Face Psychotherapeutic Interventions for Depression: a Meta-Synthesis

Background: Depressive disorders are a public health problem. Face-to-face psychotherapeutic interventions are considered to be a first-line option for their treatment in adults. There is a growing interest in eHealth interventions to maximize accessibility for effective treatments. Thus, the number of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of eHealth psychotherapeutic interventions has increased, and these interventions are often being offered to patients. However, it is unknown whether patients with depressive disorders differ in internet and face-to-face intervention trials. This information is essential to gain knowledge about the external validity of eHealth trials. Objective: To compare the baseline characteristics of patients with depressive disorder in eHealth and face-to-face psychotherapeutic intervention RCTs. Methods: Meta-epidemiological study. We searched five databases between 1990 and November 2017 (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Google Scholar, Cuijpers’s database). We included RCTs of psychotherapeutic interventions with a cognitive component (such as cognitive therapy, cognitive–behavioral therapy, or interpersonal therapy) delivered face-to-face or via the internet to adults with a depressive disorder. Each included study had a matching study for predefined criteria to allow a valid comparison of baseline characteristics. Each study was classified as a face-to-face (CBT) or eHealth (iCBT) intervention trial. Two authors selected the studies, extracted data, and resolved disagreements by discussion. We tested whether predefined baseline characteristics differed in face-to-face and internet-based trials by using a mixed-effects model and testing for differences with a Z-test (statistical significance threshold set at 0.05). For continuous outcomes, we also estimated the difference in means between subgroups along with the 95% CI. Results: We included 58 RCTs (29 matching pairs) with 3,655 participants (71.5% females) with a mean age from 20 to 74 years. Caucasian participants were the most frequently reported. Other socioeconomic characteristics were poorly reported. The participants presented different depressive disorders measured with heterogeneous instruments. iCBT trials had a longer mean duration of depression at baseline (7.19 years higher; CI 95% 2.53 to 11.84; 10.0 versus 2.8 years, P=.002), but the proportion of patients with previous depression treatment was lower (24.8% versus 42.0%, P=.035). The subgroup analyses found no evidence of differences for the remaining baseline characteristics: age, gender, education, living area, depression severity, history of depression, actual antidepressant medication, actual physical comorbidity, actual mental comorbidity, study drop-out, quality of life, having children, family status and employment. We could not compare proficiency with computers due to the insufficient number of studies reporting this information. Conclusions: Our study found that the baseline characteristics of patients with depressive disorders included in RCTs of eHealth and face-to-face psychotherapeutic interventions are generally similar. However, patients in eHealth trials had a longer duration of depression, and a lower proportion had received previous depression treatment. This might indicate that eHealth trials attract patients who postpone earlier treatment attempts

European Commission Initiative on Breast Cancer – ECIBC: Organisation of project guiding and support meetings report – 2014

The Joint Research Centre (JRC) coordinates the European Commission's Initiative on Breast Cancer (ECIBC). The ECBIC has two main tasks: 1) the development of a voluntary European quality assurance (QA) scheme for breast cancer services based on an EU legislative framework on accreditation covering all stages and aspects of care and 2) the set-up of the evidence base for such a QA scheme via (i) the development of the new European guidelines for breast cancer screening and diagnosis and (ii) a platform for evidence-based breast cancer guidelines covering stages other than screening and diagnosis (e.g. rehabilitation, follow-up, psychological support and palliative care). Preparation for the ECIBC included literature searches, stakeholder meetings and consensus building workshops and a European-wide survey to gather information on the status and organisation of breast cancer screening and care. This report is a summary of the meetings held in 2014.JRC.I.2-Public Health Policy Suppor

Automanejo en adultos con hipertensión arterial en el centro de salud Soritor - Moyobamba - San Martín - Perú 2023

En el presente estudio de investigación, el objetivo es determinar el nivel automanejo en adultos del Centro de Salud Soritor, en el Distrito de Soritor. Metodología: Enfoque cuantitativo, descriptivo, la población estuvo conformada por 65 adultos hipertensos diagnosticados. El instrumento PIH que se utilizó fue validado por Peñarrieta y colaboradores en el año 2014. Resultados: Los aspectos sociodemográficos muestran que: Edad: El 33.8% tienen entre 40 a 50 años y el 66.2% 51 a 59. Sexo: 30.7% son hombres y el 69.3 son mujeres. Con referencia a la variable automanejo: El 26.2% es regular, 73.8% adecuado. Según las dimensiones, Conocimiento: 1.5% deficiente, 97% regular, 1.5% adecuado. Manejo de signos y síntomas: 40% deficiente, 56.9% regular, 3.1% deficiente. Adherencia al tratamiento: 27.7% deficiente, 58.5% regular, 13.8% adecuado. En conclusión, pese a ser un tema nuevo para los pacientes, evidenciaron un automanejo regular

Pensamientos distorsionados sobre la mujer y sexismo ambivalente en estudiantes universitarios de Lima Norte, 2023

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la relación entre pensamientos distorsionados y sexismo ambivalente en estudiantes universitarios de Lima Norte, 2023. Investigación de tipo básica, descriptiva correlacional, con diseño no experimental de corte transversal. La muestra estuvo conformada por 418 universitarios de Lima Norte, cuyas edades oscilan entre los 18 a 41 años. Los instrumentos aplicados para la recolección de datos fueron: Inventario de Pensamientos Distorsionados sobre la mujer y el uso de violencia- Revisado (IPDMUV-R) desarrollado por Echeburúa et al. (2016) adaptado a la población peruana por Prada (2020) y el Inventario de Sexismo Ambivalente (ASI) creado por Glick y Fiske (1996) adaptado por Manrique y Muñoz (2020). Los resultados mostraron que existe una relación inversa moderada entre ambas variables de estudio (rs= -.513); asimismo, el 76.8% de la muestra presenta un nivel moderado de pensamientos distorsionados y el 87.3% de la población presenta sexismo ambivalente moderado. Se concluye que los pensamientos distorsionados poseen un bajo impacto sobre el sexismo ambivalente

Incidence and prevalence of multiple sclerosis in Spain: a systematic review

[EN] Introduction: Greater understanding of the prevalence and incidence of multiple sclerosis in Spain and their temporal trends is necessary to improve the allocation of healthcare resources and to study aetiological factors. Methods: We performed a systematic search of the MedLine database and reviewed the reference lists of the articles gathered. We collected studies reporting prevalence or incidence rates of multiple sclerosis in any geographical location in Spain, with no time limits. In 70% of cases, data were extracted by 2 researchers (FGL and EAC); any discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Results: We identified 51 prevalence and 33 incidence studies published between 1968 and 2018. In the adjusted analysis, the number of prevalent cases per 100 000 population increased by 26.6 (95% confidence interval [CI], 21.5-31.8) every 10 years. After adjusting for year and latitude, the number of incident cases per 100 000 population increased by 1.34 (95% CI, 0.98-1.69) every 10 years. We observed a trend toward higher prevalence and incidence rates at higher latitudes. Conclusions: The prevalence of multiple sclerosis in Spain has increased in recent decades, although case ascertainment appears to be incomplete in many studies. Incidence rates have also increased, but this may be due to recent improvements in the detection of new cases. [ES] Introducción: El conocimiento de la prevalencia y de la incidencia de la esclerosis múltiple en España y de sus tendencias temporales es necesario para planificar mejor los servicios clínicos y estudiar factores etiológicos. Método: Se efectuó una revisión sistemática, mediante una búsqueda en Medline y en las referencias de cada artículo, de todos los estudios que describieran cifras de prevalencia o de incidencia de la esclerosis múltiple en algún lugar geográfico de España, sin límites temporales. En el 70% de los casos la extracción de datos la hicieron dos observadores (FGL y EAC), que resolvieron las discrepancias por consenso. Resultados: Se identificaron 51 estudios de prevalencia y 33 de incidencia entre 1968 y 2018. En el análisis ajustado, por cada 10 años la prevalencia por 100 000 habitantes aumentó en 26,6 (intervalo de confianza -IC- del 95%, 21,5 a 31,8). Según los datos del análisis ajustado por el año y la latitud, por cada 10 años la incidencia por 100 000 habitantes aumentó en 1,34 (IC 95%, 0,98 a 1,69). Se observó una tendencia de mayores prevalencias e incidencias en latitudes más altas. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de la esclerosis múltiple aumentó en las últimas décadas en España, aunque en muchos estudios la verificación de casos parece haber sido incompleta. La incidencia también aumentó, pero eso puede deberse a una detección de casos nuevos más exhaustiva en los últimos años.This study has received funding from Biogen Idec, S. L.S

Paintomics: a web based tool for the joint visualization of transcriptomics and metabolomics data

Motivation: The development of the omics technologies such as transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics has made possible the realization of systems biology studies where biological systems are interrogated at different levels of biochemical activity (gene expression, protein activity and/or metabolite concentration). An effective approach to the analysis of these complex datasets is the joined visualization of the disparate biomolecular data on the framework of known biological pathways

GRADE workshop: grading the quality of evidence and strength of recommendations

In December 2013, the Public Health Policy Support Unit at the European Commission's Joint Research Centre organised a two-day workshop on developing evidence-based guidelines and healthcare recommendations using GRADE. GRADE stands for Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation. It is a method for grading the quality of evidence and going from this evidence to the corresponding healthcare recommendation. The aims of the workshop were: 1) To explain how to develop evidence-based guidelines and health recommendations using the GRADE approach. 2) To build a template for future trainings organised by the JRC on the guideline development process. Twenty participants, without experience using GRADE, attended the workshop—including 14 JRC staff, as well as representatives from the Directorate General for Health and Consumers (DG SANCO), the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) and various external institutions. The workshop consisted of lectures on the theory behind guidelines development, group work and computer-based exercises. Organisers and participants deemed the training a success and the Public Health Policy Support Unit is planning additional GRADE-oriented workshops in the future.JRC.I.2-Public Health Policy Suppor