Prospecção de compostos bioativos, atividade antioxidante e aproveitamento integral da gabiroba (Campomanesia cambessedeana)

The Amazon region has the largest and most diverse tropical rainforest in the world, hosting several species of exotic fruits with great nutritional and functional potential. These fruits are widely consumed by the local population, but unknown to the general population and the scientific community. This work aimed to prospect bioactive compounds and antioxidants and the full use of the gabiroba fruit in the form of preserve, with replacement of commercial pectin by passion fruit albedo. The proximate composition and antioxidant activity of the fruit were determined, as well as its profile of minerals, phenolic compounds and organic acids were determined by HPLC. For the full use of gabiroba in the form of preserve, a complete 23 factorial design was used with 11 formulations and 3 independent variables (citric acid concentration, pulp/sugar ratio and albedo concentration), which were submitted to physicochemical and sensory analyses. The formulation with the highest sensory acceptance was stored for 150 days to monitor the physical-chemical stability, using two different packages (polypropylene and polyethylene) and two storage temperatures (25ºC and 35ºC) and the shelf life estimated by accelerated tests of Shelf Life. Analyzes of pH, total titratable acidity, color, texture profile, Aw, total soluble solids, chlorophyll, carotenoids, total phenolics, antioxidant activity (DPPH and FRAP), carbohydrate profile, were performed. The results showed that the gabiroba fruit has a low lipid content,1.09%, plus 51.20g/100g of vitamin C, 4.09% fiber, 79.83% moisture, 1.29% protein, 13.23% carbohydrates, 019% of titratable acidity and 0.47% ash, in addition to being an antioxidant agent and a source of bioactive compounds. Catechin and gallic acid are mainly present in all gabiroba fractions (peel, seed and pulp). The result of the sensorial analysis indicated an optimal formulation, with lower amounts of citric acid and albedo and lower pulp/sugar ratio. Stored preserves were significantly influenced by both storage time and storage temperature and packaging. The shelf life estimated by accelerated tests for the preserves was 110 days stored in polypropylene packaging and 106 days in polyethylene packaging, both at a temperature of 35ºC. The preserves that were stored in polypropylene packaging showed better physicochemical characteristics over the months.A região amazônica possui a maior e mais diversa floresta tropical úmida do mundo, hospedando várias espécies de frutas exóticas com grande potencial nutritivo e funcional. Esses frutos são amplamente consumidos pela população local, mas desconhecidos pela população em geral e pela comunidade científica. Este trabalho teve como objetivo a prospecção de compostos bioativos e antioxidantes e o aproveitamento integral do fruto da gabiroba na forma de doce em pasta com substituição da pectina comercial por albedo de maracujá. Foi determinada a composição centesimal e atividade antioxidante do fruto (DPPH), assim como o seu perfil de minerais, compostos fenólicos e ácidos orgânicos por HPLC. Para o aproveitamento integral da gabiroba na forma de doce foi utilizado um planejamento fatorial completo 23 com 11 formulações e 3 variáveis independentes (concentração de ácido cítrico, razão polpa/açúcar e concentração de albedo), que foram submetidos a análises físico- químicas e sensorial. A formulação com maior aceitação sensorial foi armazenada por 150 dias para o acompanhamento da estabilidade físico-química, utilizando duas embalagens diferentes (polipropileno e polietileno) e duas temperaturas de armazenamento (25ºC e 35ºC) e o tempo de vida útil estimado por testes acelerados de vida de prateleira. Foram realizadas análises de pH, acidez titulável, cor, perfil de textura, Aw, sólidos solúveis, clorofila, carotenoides, fenólicos totais, atividade antioxidante (DPPH e FRAP), perfil de carboidratos. Os resultados mostraram que o fruto da gabiroba possui baixo teor lipídico, 1,09%, além de 51,20g/100g de vitamina C, 4,09% de fibra, 79,83% de umidade, 1,29% de proteína, 13,23% de carboidratos, 019% de acidez titulável e 0,47% de cinzas, além de ser agente antioxidante e uma fonte de compostos bioativos. A catequina e o ácido gálico estão majoritariamente presentes em todas as frações da gabiroba (casca, semente e polpa). O resultado da análise sensorial indicou uma formulação ótima, com menores quantidades de ácido cítrico e albedo e menor razão polpa/açúcar. Os doces armazenados sofreram influência significativa tanto do tempo como da temperatura de armazenamento e das embalagens. Os maiores tempos de vida útil estimados por testes acelerados para os doces foram de 110 dias armazenados em embalagens de polipropileno e 106 dias em embalagens de polietileno, ambos à temperatura de 35º

Clinical research in community pharmacies : trying to find a way

Mestrado em Biomedicina FarmacêuticaThis project aims to promote the involvement of community pharmacists in clinical research. In the last years, the pharmaceutical profession has gone through various challenges. At the same time, pharmacists have sought to develop a more active role in the community. The skills that pharmacists have allow them a more active role in clinical research, either cooperating with health units, either as researchers. The proximity to the patient and the placing in the community, allows community pharmacies to have an important role in the disclosure of clinical research. The Portuguese reality, so far, does not seem to reflect the reality of other countries in this field. However, Portugal has the necessary conditions for this situation to change. The growing importance of real world data and the placement of pharmacies in the community leave space for its involvement in clinical research to be improved. Thus, in the near future it would be important that community pharmacies are called upon to this reality. This project suggests the application of a questionnaire to Portuguese community pharmacies in order to assess the feasibility of this project, evaluating their interest in clinical research and identifying the possible barriers to their participation.Este projeto propõe-se promover o envolvimento dos farmacêuticos de farmácia comunitária em investigação clínica. Nos últimos anos, a profissão farmacêutica tem passado por vários desafios. Ao mesmo tempo, os farmacêuticos têm procurado desenvolver um papel mais interventivo na comunidade. As competências que os farmacêuticos têm permitem-lhes um papel mais interventivo em investigação clínica, quer cooperando com as unidades de saúde, quer como investigadores. A proximidade ao utente e a inserção na comunidade, permite às farmácias comunitárias terem um papel importante em investigação clínica. A realidade portuguesa, até ao momento, não parece acompanhar a realidade doutros países neste âmbito. No entanto, Portugal reúne as condições necessárias para que essa realidade se altere. A crescente importância dos dados de vida real e o posicionamento das farmácias na comunidade deixam espaço para que a sua intervenção em investigação clínica possa ser melhorada. Assim, num futuro próximo será importante que as farmácias comunitárias sejam chamadas para esta realidade. Este projeto sugere a aplicação futura de um questionário de modo a avaliar a sua exequibilidade, avaliando o interesse das farmácias comunitárias portuguesas em investigação clínica e as possíveis barreiras à sua participação

Hidrólise ácida da farinha da casca de pequi (Caryocar brasiliense) visando à produção de bioetanol

With the increase in world population and the number of countries that became industrialized , energy consumption has increased too. With this continued growth in demand for energy, there is a clear trend of resource depletion , as the main source for the production of fossil fuels are non-renewable . In this context, the search for renewable energy and alternatives to petroleum is mobilizing the academic , industrial , governmental and social . In the short term , biomass presents itself as the only appropriate use of renewable energy source that can provide alternative fuels , such as second-generation ethanol . The Cerrado presents various raw materials that can be used for this purpose . Pequi ( Caryocar brasiliense ) , is a typical fruit of the Brazilian cerrado that blooms between June and September and produces fruit from September to February . The peel Pequi is made by exocarp and outer mesocarp by a thicker layer and fleshy and has a high carbohydrate content. It is considered a waste , because it is not utilized for human consumption . Due to these characteristics , the use of peel becomes Pequi an alternative to energy production. Thus, this study aimed to acid hydrolysis flour peell Pequi . To obtain the flour peel Pequi were used fruits from the city of Palmas -TO and its physicochemical characterization performed . For hydrolysis with dilute acid were studied variables of time ( 30,45,60 , and 90 min ) and concentration of sulfuric acid (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5%v/v) at four temperatures (106°C , 111°C , 116°C and 121°C) with tress replicates. Among the treatments tested, which showed the best results was performed at 121ºC and a sulfuric acid concentration of 5% v/v hydrolysis time of 90 min to yield a concentration of 7,34 mg / ml sugar reducing (AR) , representing an increase of almost 9 times of AR in relation to the initial content contained in the peel flour pequi .Com o aumento da população mundial e do número de países que se tornaram industrializados, o consumo de energia tem aumentado também. Com este crescimento contínuo da demanda por energia, há uma clara tendência de esgotamento de recursos, já que a principal fonte para a produção de combustíveis é de origem fóssil, não renovável. Neste contexto, a busca por fontes renováveis de energia e de alternativas ao uso do petróleo está mobilizando setores acadêmicos, industriais, sociais e governamentais. A curto prazo, a biomassa apresenta-se como único recurso adequado de energia primária renovável que pode fornecer combustíveis alternativos, como o etanol de segunda geração. O bioma Cerrado apresenta várias matérias-primas que podem ser utilizadas para este fim. O pequi (Caryocar brasiliense), é um fruto típico do cerrado brasileiro que floresce entre os meses de junho e setembro e produz frutos de setembro a fevereiro. A casca do pequi é composta pelo exocarpo e pelo mesocarpo externo, uma camada mais espessa e carnosa e que apresenta alto teor de carboidratos. Esta é considerada um resíduo, pois não é aproveitada na alimentação humana. Devido às essas características, a utilização da casca de pequi torna-se uma alternativa para a produção de energia. Desta forma, este trabalho teve como objetivo a hidrólise ácida da farinha da casca de pequi. Para a obtenção da farinha da casca do pequi foram utilizados frutos provenientes do município de Palmas-TO e sua caracterização físico-química efetuada. Para a hidrólise com ácido diluído foram estudadas as variáveis tempo (30,45,60 e 90min) e concentração de ácido sulfúrico (1, 2,3,4 e 5%v/v) em quatro temperaturas (106ºC, 111ºC, 116ºC e 121ºC), com trêss repetições. Dentre os tratamentos testados, o que apresentou melhor rendimento foi o realizado a 121ºC, com uma concentração de ácido sulfúrico de 5% v/v e um tempo de hidrólise de 90 min, obtendo-se uma concentração de 7,34 mg/ml de açúcar redutor (AR), o que representa um aumento de quase 9 vezes de AR em relação ao teor inicial contido na farinha da casca de pequi

Ciência Aberta em Enfermagem de Saúde Mental: transparência, reprodutibilidade, cooperação e acessibilidade

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Age‐related white matter hyperintensities and overactive bladder: a systematic review

© 2023 The Authors. Neurourology and Urodynamics published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.Introduction: Age-related white matter hyperintensities (ARWMHs) on brain magnetic resonance imaging have been associated with lower urinary tract symptoms/dysfunction (LUTS/LUTD), namely overactive bladder (OAB) and detrusor overactivity. We aimed to systematically review existing data on the association between ARWMH and LUTS and which clinical tools have been used for this assessment. Materials and methods: We searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and clinicaltrials.gov (from 1980 to November 2021) and considered original studies reporting data on ARWMH and LUTS/LUTD in patients of both sexes aged 50 or above. The primary outcome was OAB. We calculated the unadjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for the outcomes of interest using random-effects models. Results: Fourteen studies were included. LUTS assessment was heterogeneous and mainly based on the use of nonvalidated questionnaires. Urodynamics assessment was reported in five studies. ARWMHs were graded using visual scales in eight studies. Patients with moderate-to-severe ARWMHs were more likely to present with OAB and urgency urinary incontinence (UUI; OR = 1.61; 95% CI: 1.05-2.49, p = 0.03), I2 = 21.3%) when compared to patients with similar age and absent or mild ARWMH. Discussion and conclusions: High-quality data on the association between ARWMH and OAB is scarce. Patients with moderate to severe ARWMH showed higher levels of OAB symptoms, including UUI, when compared to patients with absent or mild ARWMH. The use of standardized tools to assess both ARWMH and OAB in these patients should be encouraged in future research.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

ESTRATÉGIAS E TÉCNICAS DE LEITURA EM LÍNGUA INGLESA NO ENSINO MÉDIO: UMA ABORDAGEM INSTRUMENTAL

Este trabalho tem como objetivo central avaliar o potencial da abordagem instrumental de ensino de língua estrangeira, para o desenvolvimento da habilidade leitora em língua inglesa de alunos do terceiro ano do Ensino Médio, em etapa de preparação para os exames vestibulares.  Por meio de um trabalho realizado em oficinas de leitura e compreensão textual, e com foco na abordagem instrumental do ensino de línguas, buscamos tanto aprimorar a capacidade de leitura e compreensão textual em inglês dos alunos, como também conscientizá-los do potencial que possuem como leitores ativos e autônomos, trabalhando, ainda, os aspectos motivacionais para a aprendizagem de línguas estrangeiras.  A metodologia adotada envolveu aulas presenciais, com atividades realizadas prioritariamente em pares e grupos de cooperação, que permitiram desenvolver, ao longo dos encontros, um processo de ensino-aprendizagem, relevante significativo. Os resultados, portanto, levaram-nos a crer que, quando os objetivos da aprendizagem são muito específicos, e com forte limitação de tempo para que sejam alcançados, o processo de ensino-aprendizagem de língua inglesa - pautado na abordagem instrumental - surge como uma alternativa para o professor implementar seu plano de ensino de maneira mais produtiva, ágil, expressiva e eficiente. Isso porque, por meio da referida abordagem para o ensino da leitura em língua estrangeira, o professor poderá oferecer aos aprendizes o suporte mais indicado e eficaz para que estes possam desenvolver a habilidade pretendida na língua-alvo

O impacto legislativo na gestão de recursos humanos da administração pública

Bardoux Benjamin Joseph Agénor. Circulaire relative aux indemnités allouées sur les fonds de l'État aux fonctionnaires licenciés des collèges communaux des départements. In: Bulletin administratif de l'instruction publique. Tome 21 n°427, 1878. pp. 236-237

Evaluation of the potential of fucoidan-based microparticles for diabetes treatment

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Marine organisms have in their constitution materials with a wide range of properties and characteristics inspiring their application within the biomedical field. One important example is fucoidan (Fu), an underexploited sulfated polysaccharide extracted from the cell wall of the brown seaweeds, with high solubility in water1. Fucoidan is composed of L- fucose and glucuronic acid including sulfate groups and has important bioactive properties such as antioxidative, anticoagulant, anticancer and in the reduction of blood glucose1,2. In this work, the biomedical potential of fucoidan was assessed by processing modified fucoidan (MFu) into microparticles by photocrosslinking using superhydrophobic surfaces and visible light3,4. Biological performance on the developed constructs using human pancreatic beta cells is currently under investigation. METHODS: To design the materials structures, fucoidan was modified by methacrylation reaction3. Briefly, Fu aqueous solution 4% w/v was mixed with methacrylated anhydride (MA) in volume of 12% v/v at 50oC to react for 6h. Further, MFu particles with and without insulin (0.5% w/v) were produced by pipetting a solution of 5% MFu v/v with triethanolamine and eosin-y (photoinitiators) onto superhydrophobic surfaces4 (Fig. 1A) and then photocrosslinking using visible light4. MFu and developed particles were characterized using 1HNMR, turbidimetry and SEM to assess their chemistry and morphology, respectively. Moreover, the insulin release was evaluated in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution at pH 7and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) at pH 5. The ability of the developed materials to support adhesion and proliferation of cells was assessed by suspension culture of human pancreatic cells 1.1B4 (3.5x105 cells/ml) in contact with MFu microparticles during up to 7 days. RESULTS: The chemical modification performed on Fu was confirmed by the presence of vinyl and additional methyl peaks in the 1HNMR of modified fucoidan, not present in Fu spectrum. Methacrylated fucoidan was obtained with a methacrylation degree of 17%. The produced fucoidan particles have round shape and average diameter of 1.53 mm (Fig. 1B). The insulin release in PBS and SIF demonstrate that the particles can release insulin in a sustained manner under the studied period. It seems that the insulin release is slower for SIF (pH5, Fig. 1C), than for PBS. The biological tests regarding the culture of pancreatic beta cells demonstrate that cells show a round-like shape and tend to form pseudo-islets during the culture period studied (Fig. 1D). DISCUSSION & CONCLUSIONS: This work demonstrates the successful production of fucoidan- based-microparticles through the methacrylation of fucoidan, using visible light and superhydrophobic surfaces. The covalent crosslinking methacrylated fucoidan through visible light represents a promising method to obtain biocompatible fucoidan particles with a uniform round shape. The obtained insulin release profiles are sensitive to different pH (pH7 and pH5), mimicking the normal physiological pathway for insulin release. Furthermore, the results suggest these systems could be used for treatment of type I diabetes mellitus as they sustain beta cells viability and proliferation. The response also suggested, that the MFu particles could be a good candidate as drug delivery vehicles for the diabetes mellitus treatment. REFERENCES: 1 Silva TH et al (2012), Biomatter 2(4): 278:289. 2Sezer Alidemir et al (2011), Fucoidan: A versatile biopolymer for biomedical applicatons (Springer Ber.Heid).pp377-406. 3Mihaila S.et al (2013), Adv. Health. Mat. 2(6): 895-907. 4Rial Hermida et al, Acta Biomater.(2014) 10(10) 4314-4322. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: This work was partially funded by projects 0687_NOVOMAR_1_P (POCTEP), CarbPol_u_Algae (EXPL/MAR- BIO/0165/2013), ComplexiTE (ERC-2012-ADG 20120216-321266). Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology is also gratefully acknowledged for doctoral grants of L. Reys and N. Oliveira and post- doctoral grants of S.S. Silva and D. Soares da Costafunded by projects 0687_NOVOMAR_1_P (POCTEP), CarbPol_u_Algae (EXPL/MARBIO/0165/2013) , ComplexiTE(ERC-2012-ADG 20120216-321266). Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technologyinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Relevance of genipin networking on rheological, physical, and mechanical properties of starch-based formulations

The small amount of proteins in starch-rich food industry byproducts can be an advantage to crosslink with genipin and tailor the performance of biobased films. In this work, genipin was combined with non- purified starch recovered from industrial potato washing slurries and used for films production. Starch recovered from potato washing slurries contained 0.75% protein, 2 times higher than starch directly obtained from potato and 6 times higher than the commercial one. Starch protein-genipin networks were formed with 0.05% and 0.10% genipin, gelatinized at 75 °C and 95 °C in presence of 30% glycerol. Bluish colored films were obtained in all conditions, with the higher surface roughness (Ra, 1.22 μm), stretchability (elongation, 31%), and hydrophobicity (water contact angle, 127°) for 0.10% genipin and starch gelatinized at 75 °C. Therefore, starch-rich byproducts, when combined with genipin, are promising for surpassing the starch-based films hydrophilicity and mechanical fragilities while providing light barrier properties.publishe