ESTADO NUTRICIONAL DE ADOLESCENTES PERTENECIENTES A LOS COLEGIOS PÚBLICOS DEL MUNICIPIO DE IBAGUÉ TOLIMA COLOMBIA NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF ADOLESCENTS FROM THE PUBLIC HIGH SCHOOLS OF THE CITY OF IBAGUÉ, COLOMBIA

La adolescencia es un periodo caracterizado por los cambios fisiológicos, cognitivos y psicosociales, en el cual el estado nutricional se torna más complejo debido a esos cambios. El índice de masa corporal (IMC) es el método más simple y rápido para evaluar el estado nutricional y sus posibles desequilibrios, que comprometen la salud de individuos de bajo peso, sobrepasados y obesos. Siendo así, el objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el estado nutricional de adolescentes estudiantes de colegios públicos del municipio de Ibagué-Colombia, a través de las variables antropométricas. Participaron del estudio 1762 estudiantes de ambos sexos con edad entre 15 y 18 años, donde fueron evaluadas las variables peso corporal, estatura, IMC, circunferencia de cintura (CC), perímetro de cadera (PC) e índice de cintura-cadera (ICC). Para el análisis de los datos fueron realizados los test: kolmogorov-smirnov, test t-independiente, qui-cuadrado, distribución de frecuencias y cálculo de la razón de chance (odds-ratio). Las mayores proporciones de los adolescentes presentaron bajo peso, CC e ICC normales. No en tanto, el sexo masculino presento mayor prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad. En relación a CC e ICC, hubo una asociación significativa entre los sexos y las clasificaciones, por lo que fue encontrada una mayor prevalencia en el sexo femenino. El bajo peso es la mayor alteración del estado nutricional presente en los estudiantes de los colegios públicos del municipio de Ibagué. Se debe se dar una especial atención también a los adolescentes con obesidad abdominal en virtud de los riesgos cardiometabolicos.ABSTRACTThe adolescence is a period characterized by the physiologic, cognitive and psychosocial changes, in which the nutritional status become more complex because of these changes. The body mass index (BMI) is the easiest and fastest method to assess the nutritional status and its possible imbalances who compromise the health of individuals diagnosed with thinness, overweight, and obesity. This way, the aim of the study was to assess the nutritional status of students from the public schools of Ibagué, Colombia through anthropometric variables. 1762 students composed the sample of the study. They were between 15 to 18 years old. Were assessed the variables related to body mass, height, BMI, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HP) and waist/hip ratio (WHR). To data analysis were performed the following tests: Kolmogorov-smirnov, t-independent test, qui-square test, frequency distribution and odds-ratio. Most of the adolescents from both sexes presented thinness, normal waist circumference and normal waist/hip ratio. However, the male adolescents presented a higher prevalence of overweight and obesity. Regarding the WC and WHR, there was a meaningful association between sexes, in which a higher prevalence of these variables alterations was found in the female adolescents. The thinness is the biggest nutritional status alteration found in the students from the public schools of the city of Ibagué. It must give a special attention to the adolescents with abdominal obesity concerning the cardio metabolic risks

Modelo brasilero de tratamiento de la obesidad reduce factores de riesgo cardiometabolico de adolescentes colombianos: programa multiprofesional de tratamiento de la obesidad (PMTO-NEMO)

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la efectividad de un programa de tratamiento de la obesidad multiprofesional aplicado a adolescentes obesos en la ciudad de Maringá-PR-Brasil (PMTO-NEMO-UEM) sobre los riesgos cardiometabólicos de una población equivalente de colombianos en exceso de Peso. Metodología: Evaluamos 120 adolescentes, brasileños (n = 60) y colombianos (n = 60), entre 15 y 18 años, variables antropométricas, composición corporal, estado físico relacionado con la salud, factores hemodinámicos, factores bioquímicos, criterios evaluados. estado socioeconómico y maduración sexual antes y después de 16 semanas de intervención. Resultados: Entre los brasileños, se observaron mejoras significativas entre los momentos previos y posteriores a la intervención para las variables masa corporal, altura, IMC, WC, SBP, DBP, GA,% G, FRA, FLEX, VO2max, GLI, CT, HDL. LDL, INS y HOMA-RI. Entre los colombianos, se observaron mejoras significativas para las variables altura, IMC, CC, GA, MM,% G, FRA, FLEX, VO2max, HDL y HOMA-RI al comparar la variación porcentual. Entre los momentos previos y posteriores a la intervención de colombianos y brasileños, se puede ver que los colombianos lograron resultados superiores para MM y HDL, mientras que los brasileños para MC, IMC, LDL y VO2máx. No se observaron diferencias significativas para la variación porcentual de las otras variables entre las dos nacionalidades. Conclusión: Los resultados encontrados en Colombia fueron similares a los encontrados en Brasil, consolidando PMTO-NEMO-UEM como un modelo eficaz para el tratamiento de la obesidad en adolescentes de otros países

Perfil de adolescentes brasileiros e colombianos aspirantes a ingressar em um programa de tratamento da obesidade: um olhar para América Latina

Objetivo: analisar os parâmetros antropométricos, composição corporal, hábitos alimentares, aptidão física relacionada a saúde, bioquímicos e hemodinâmicos, de adolescentes brasileiros e colombianos que pretendem ingressar em um programa multiprofissional de tratamento da obesidade (PMTO). Metodologia: Participaram do estudo 300 adolescentes, brasileiros (n=150) e colombianos (n=150), aspirantes em ingressar um PMTO, com idade média de 16,2 anos, foram avaliadas variáveis antropométricas, da composição corporal, da aptidão física relacionada a saúde, bioquímicas, hemodinâmicas, hábitos alimentares e maturação sexual. Resultados: Dos diferentes graus de excesso de peso, os brasileiros apresentaram valores percentuais elevados de obesidade grave, diferentemente dos colombianos, os quais em sua maioria são apenas sobrepesados, mostrando um risco elevado dos brasileiros sobre os colombianos em alterações da circunferência de cintura (obesidade abdominal 32,9%), percentual de gordura (risco à saúde 74%), baixa aptidão cardiorrespiratória (risco à saúde 91,1%), e HOMA-RI (alterado 39,3%). Foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre os sexos, nos adolescentes colombianos para as variáveis de MM (0,007) e estatura (<0,001), GAb (<0,001), %G (<0,001), MM (< 0,001). VO2max (0,002), LDLc (0,009) e para os adolescentes brasileiros, para MC (<0,001), estatura (<0,001), IMC (0,002), CC (< 0,001), GAb (0,001), MM (<0,001), %G (0,001). VO2máx (<0,001), FRA (0,001), FLEX (0,001) PAS (<0,001), GLI (<0,001), HOMA-IR (0,037) e HDLc (< 0,001). Conclusão: Tanto adolescentes brasileiros como colombianos apresentaram alterações de risco a saúde, sendo estas mais prevalentes nos brasileiros e maiores quando o grau de obesidade foi mais elevado

Diversidade genética de estoques de Piaractus mesopotamicus(Characiformes, Characidae) utilizados no programa de repovoamento do rio Tietê, Brasil

The restocking programs are being used more frequently as methods of fish conservation. However, the reduction in the genetic diversity can affect survival of juveniles used in this programs and cause effects on the wild populations. The aim of this study was assess the genetic diversity in three broodstocks (BA, BB and BC) of pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus of a Hydropower plant in São Paulo - Brazil, using in restocking program of Tietê River. Nine RAPD primers were amplified used extracted DNA from 89 fin-clipping samples. Sixty-nine fragments were polymorphic, 15 had frequencies with significant differences (P<0.05), seven were excluded, and six were fixed fragments. High values for polymorphic fragments (47.83% to 71.01%) and Shannon index (0.270 to 0.424) were observed. Most of the genetic variation was found within the groups through the AMOVA analysis, which was confirmed by the results of the identity and genetic distance. Ancestry levels (FST) among the groups values indicated little and moderate genetic differentiation. The estimate of number of migrants by generation (Nm) indicated levels of gene flow. Moderate genetic divergence between groups (0.214 to 0.259) was observed. The results indicate high (BA and BB) and moderate (BC) variability within broodstocks and genetic differentiation among them. The fish stocks analyzed represent a genetic base that will allow the fish technicians to release juveniles without genetic risks to wild populations present in the river. These genetics procedures can be used as models for other migratory species.Os programas de repovoamento estão sendo usados com mais frequência como métodos de conservação de peixes. No entanto, a redução na diversidade genética pode afetar a sobrevivência dos juvenis usados nesses programas e causar efeitos sobre as populações selvagens. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a diversidade genética de três estoques de reprodutores (BA, BB e BC) de pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus de uma hidrelétrica em São Paulo - Brasil, do programa de repovoamento do rio Tietê. Nove iniciadores RAPD amplificaram-se usando DNA extraído de 89 amostras de nadadeira. Sessenta e nove fragmentos foram polimórficos, 15 tiveram frequências com diferenças significativas (P<0.05), sete foram excluídos e seis foram fragmentos limitantes. Observaram-se altos valores de fragmentos polimórficos (47,83% a 71,01%) e de índice de Shannon. A maior variação genética observou-se dentro dos grupos através da análise de AMOVA, sendo confirmado com os resultados de identidade e distância genética. Os níveis de FST entre os grupos indicaram pequena e moderada diferenciação genética. O número de migrantes por geração (Nm) indicou níveis de fluxo gênico. Observou-se moderada divergência genética entre grupos (0,214 a 0,259). Os resultados indicaram alta (BA e BB) e moderada (BC) variabilidade dentro dos estoques e diferenciação genética entre eles. Os estoques de peixes analisados representam uma base genética que permitirá aos produtores liberar juvenis sem riscos genéticos para as populações naturais presentes no rio. Esses procedimentos genéticos podem ser utilizados como modelos para outras espécies migradoras

Genetic Diversity Of Pacu And Piapara Broodstocks In Restocking Programs In The Rivers Paraná And Paranapanema (brazil)

The genetic diversity of Piaractus mesopotamicus (pacu) and Leporinus elongatus (piapara) broodstocks used in restocking programs in the rivers Paraná and Paranapanema is analyzed. One hundred and twenty specimens (two broodstocks of each species) from fish ponds in Palotina PR Brazil and in Salto Grande SP Brazil were assessed. Ten primers produced 96 fragments, comprising 68 (70.83%) and 94 (97.92%) polymorphic fragments for P. mesopotamicus and L. elongatus broodstocks, respectively. Differences (p <0.05) in the frequency of 15 and 27 fragments were detected for each species, without exclusive fragments. Shannon Index (0.347-0.572) and the percentage of polymorphic fragments (57.3%-94.8%) revealed high intra-population genetic variability for all broodstocks. Results of molecular variance analyses (AMOVA) showed that most variations do not lie between the broodstocks but within each broodstock (89%). Genetic (0.088 and 0.142) and identity (0.916 and 0.868) distance rates demonstrated similarity between the broodstocks of each species, corroborated by Fst (0.1023 and 010.27) and Nm (4.18 and 4.33) rates, with a slight genetic difference due to genic flux. High intrapopulation genetic variability and similarity between the broodstocks of each species was also detected, proving a common ancestry.3742365237

Genetic diversity of Prochilodus lineatus stocks using in the stocking program of Tietê River, Brazil

ABSTRACT Objective. Assess the genetic diversity in four brood stocks and one juvenile stock of curimba Prochilodus lineatus in a Hydropower plant in São Paulo - Brazil, using the Tietê River stocking program. Materials and methods. Five RAPD primers were used to amplify the extracted DNA from 150 fin-clip samples. Results. Fifty-nine fragments were polymorphic, 52 had frequencies with significant differences (p<0.05), 45 had low frequencies, 54 were excluded, and two were fixed fragments. High values for polymorphic fragments (71.19% to 91.53%) and Shannon index (0.327 to 0.428) were observed. The genetic divergence values within each stock were greater than 50%. Most of the genetic variation was found within the groups through the AMOVA analysis, which was confirmed by the results of the identity and genetic distance. High ancestry levels (FST) among the groups value indicated high and moderate genetic differentiation. The estimates of number of migrants by generation (Nm) indicated low levels of gene flow. High and moderate genetic divergence between groups (0.58 to 0.83) was observed. Conclusions. The results indicate high variability within the stocks, and genetic differentiation among them. The fish stocks analyzed represent a large genetic base that will allow the fish technicians to release juveniles without genetic risks to wild populations present in the river. These genetic procedures may be used as models for other migratory species, including those threatened by extinction