SIMILARITIES IN THE THOUGHTS ON EDUCATION OF PHAN CHAU TRINH AND FUKUZAWA YUKICHI

Phan Chau Trinh (1872-1926) and Fukuzawa Yukichi (1834-1901) are prominent thinkers who advocated the reform in Vietnam and Japan, respectively, in the context of both the East and the West had lots of changes in terms of historical and social situation in the second half of 19th century and first half of 20th century. In their life, each left many valuable thoughts to the archive of arguments of their respective country. One of the prominent thoughts of theirs is the thought on education. This was expressed in a rich and unique way in many aspects, such as: the role of education, the subject of education, purposes of education, contents of education, methods of education, etc. It can be seen that, although they took different directions to approach and explain issues relating to education and the influence of education on social development of each respective country, their thoughts on education still had interesting similarities. From such, we can draw out historical meanings for the development of each nation today.  Article visualizations

PHILOSOPHICAL THOUGHT OF PHAN BOI CHAU

Phan Boi Chau (1867-1940) was a representative of revolutionary thinkers, revolutionaries, poets and educators... of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. In his life of ups and downs, he has left many valuable ideas as lessons for the development of the country today. These are the views stemming from the pressing need of history for the fight for the liberation of nation and human; a combination of Eastern and Western cultural thought and Vietnamese cultural tradition; at different stages, his philosophical thought constantly changed and developed.  Article visualizations

FROM THE VIEWPOINT “WU-WEI” OF TAOISM TO THE VIEWPOINT “NHÀN” (LEISURE) OF NGUYEN BINH KHIEM

Nguyen Binh Khiem (1491 - 1585), a great thinker of Vietnam in the sixteenth century, contributed to the history of Vietnamese thought with many valuable ideas, including the “Nhàn” (leisure) viewpoint. The thought “Nhàn” (leisure) was originated from Vietnamese social characteristics in the sixteenth century and inherited values in the traditions of national culture and the quintessence of human culture, especially under the profound and clear influence of ideology on human life of Taoism and Lao Tzu. Lao Tzu argued that human beings could not interfere with the evolution of all things and they had to be “wu-wei” in accordance to the rule – “Tao” (faith) to adapt to the objective development of nature and society. Through the method of historical and logical research, analysis and synthesis, the authors found that, from the viewpoint of “wu-wei” of Taoism, Nguyen Binh Khiem proposed a very profound and idyllic “Nhàn” (leisure) viewpoint to deal with the fluctuations of social history at that time through two issues, namely the thought on the category “Nhàn” (leisure) and the content of the category “Nhàn” (leisure) through human beings’ relations with nature and dealing with themselves. His “Nhàn” (leisure) viewpoint, due to objective and subjective circumstances, could not overcome the limitations of the times. However, in the current historical and social conditions, if we know how to inherit the values and overcome limitations, the “Nhàn” (leisure) viewpoint still has modern meanings.  Article visualizations

Two Spot Coupled Ring Resonators

Abstract. We consider a model of two coupled ring waveguides with constant linear gain and nonlinear absorption with space-dependent coupling. This system can be implemented in various physical situations as optical waveguides, atomic Bose-Einstein condensates, polarization condensates, etc. It is described by two coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equation. For numerical simulations, we take local two-gaussian coupling.It is found in our previous papers that, depending on the values of involved parameters, we can obtain several interesting nonlinear phenomena, which include spontaneous symmetry breaking, modulational instability leading to generation of stable circular flows with various vorticities, stable inhomogeneous states with interesting structure of currents flowing between rings, as well as dynamical regimes having signatures of chaotic behavior. This research will be associated with experimental investigation planned in Freie Universität Berlin, in the group of prof. Michael Giersig

Immobilizing Alcalase® Enzyme onto Magnetic Nanoparticles

In recent years, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have been applied to numerous biological systems. The nanoparticles are particularly useful in separating biological molecules due to its low price, scalable ability and very little interference. Here, MNPs, which can efficiently separate biocatalysts from reaction media by external magnet, was used to immobilize an alkaline protease (Alcalase®). Covalent attachment of the enzyme to MNPs began with the functionalization of the MNPs' surface with amines (APTES). Then, glutaraldehyde was introduced to link the MNP surface amines with enzyme surface amine residues, typically lysine. Successful covalent bonds were checked by FT-IR. Our results showed the attached enzyme did not affect superparamagnetic property of MNPs, therefore the MNPs-attached enzyme was easily recovered after the reaction. The immobilized enzyme maintained its activities after 10 times of recycle uses

Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking of Solitons Trapped in a Double-Gauss Potentials

We consider an extended model of the model considered before with double-square potential, namely one-dimensional (1D) nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) with self-focusing nonlinearity and a 1D double-gauss potential. Spontaneous symmetry breaking has been presented in terms of the control parameter which is propagation constant in the case of optics and chemical potential in the of Bose-Einstein Condensate (BEC), correspondingly. The numerical simulations predict a bifurcation breaking the symmetry of 1D trapped in the double-gauss potential of the supercritical type as in the case of double-square potential. Furthermore we have constructed bifurcation diagrams considering the stability of solitons with three methods: the method using Vakhitov–Kolokolov (V-K) Stability Criterion, Pseudospectral Method and Method for Linear-Stability Eigenvalues. It will be shown that for our model the results obtained are the same for these three methods but the third one is the fastest

Retrieval of Aerosol Optical Depth Using Satellite Data Associated with Ground-based Observations over Urban and Rural Areas

Optičku je dubinu aerosola (AOD) moguće točno izračunati na temelju uzastopnih mjerenja izravnog i difuznog Sunčeva zračenja na tlu. Međutim, prostorna pokrivenost i frekvencija lokacije uzrokuju određena ograničenja. Stoga su satelitske snimke ispravan alat za dobivanje proizvoda optičke dubine aerosola s više prostornih informacija i obrazaca raspodjele aerosola. Daljinskim istraživanjima aerosola možemo bolje razumjeti najbolji pristup računanju optičke dubine aerosola u urbanim i ruralnim područjima i mogu se uočiti razlike zbog svojstava površinske reflektivnosti. Ovaj se članak bavi konceptima smanjenja kontrasta i pristupima tamnih meta koji se ispituju snimkama Landsata i opažanjima Sunčevog fotometra za povezivanje raspodjele optičke dubine aerosola iznad grada Taipeija u Tajvanu. Za područja sa svijetlim površinama kao što su gradovi navedeni se koncepti primjenjuju metodom koeficijenta disperzije zajedno sa Sunčevim fotometrom kako bi se u velikoj mjeri smanjile pogreške. Za razliku od toga, algoritam tamne mete s odnosom površinske refleksije između plavih (0,49 μm), crvenih (0,66 μm) i infracrvenih (2,1 μm) spektralnih pojaseva prikladan je za vlažno tlo i područja s vegetacijom. Računanje prostorne raspodjele optičke dubine aerosola uspoređuje se s proizvodima MODIS AOD-a i AERONET-a kako bi se provjerila točnost rezultata. RMSE je bio u rasponu od 0,2 do 0,4 i oko 50% podataka bilo je unutar granica očekivane pogreške (EE=± (0,05+0,15 AODsunphometer).Aerosol optical depth (AOD) can be retrieved accurately with sequential ground-based measurements of direct and diffuse solar radiance. However, spatial coverage and location frequency cause certain limitations. Hence, satellite image data are a proper tool for obtaining aerosol optical depth products with more spatial information and patterns of aerosol distribution. Currently, aerosol remote sensing may enhance our understanding of the optimal approach to AOD retrieval over urban and rural areas, and how it differs due to the characteristics of surface reflectivity. The article deals with the concepts of contrast reduction, and dark target approaches are examined using Landsat imaging and the observation of a sun photometer for integrating aerosol optical depth distribution over the city of Taipei in Taiwan. For areas with bright surfaces, such as urban areas, the above concepts were applied using the dispersion coefficient method with a sun photometer, in order to reduce errors considerably in the product. In contrast, a dark target algorithm with a relationship of surface reflectance between the blue (0.49 μm), red (0.66 μm), and infrared (2.1 μm) spectral bands is suitable for moist soils and vegetation areas. The retrieval of AOD spatial distribution is compared with MODIS AOD products and AERONET to verify the accuracy of the results. The RMSE ranged from 0.2 to 0.4, and about 50% of the data were within expected error margins (EE=± (0.05+0.15 AODsunphotometer)