Femtosecond pulses and dynamics of molecular photoexcitation: RbCs example

We investigate the dynamics of molecular photoexcitation by unchirped femtosecond laser pulses using RbCs as a model system. This study is motivated by a goal of optimizing a two-color scheme of transferring vibrationally-excited ultracold molecules to their absolute ground state. In this scheme the molecules are initially produced by photoassociation or magnetoassociation in bound vibrational levels close to the first dissociation threshold. We analyze here the first step of the two-color path as a function of pulse intensity from the low-field to the high-field regime. We use two different approaches, a global one, the 'Wavepacket' method, and a restricted one, the 'Level by Level' method where the number of vibrational levels is limited to a small subset. The comparison between the results of the two approaches allows one to gain qualitative insights into the complex dynamics of the high-field regime. In particular, we emphasize the non-trivial and important role of far-from-resonance levels which are adiabatically excited through 'vertical' transitions with a large Franck-Condon factor. We also point out spectacular excitation blockade due to the presence of a quasi-degenerate level in the lower electronic state. We conclude that selective transfer with femtosecond pulses is possible in the low-field regime only. Finally, we extend our single-pulse analysis and examine population transfer induced by coherent trains of low-intensity femtosecond pulses.Comment: 25 pages, 12 figure

Validación y ajuste del modelo hidrogeológico conceptual de un humedal de la Llanura Pampeana, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina

Comprender el funcionamiento hidrológico y la interacción de los diferentes cuerpos de agua presentes en un área específica son temas esenciales a la hora de planificar el uso racional del recurso hídrico. El objetivo de este trabajo es validar y ajustar el modelo hidrogeológico conceptual de un humedal de la llanura Pampeana Bonaerense mediante técnicas hidrogeoquími­cas e isotópicas. Se ha seleccionado la cuenca de la laguna La Brava (53.6 km2). La misma es una laguna permanente y somera con una superficie de 4.0 km2 y una profundidad máxima de 4.57 m. Se tomaron muestras para análisis fisicoquímico e isotópico en el agua subterránea, en la laguna y en los arroyos afluente y e.fluente a la misma. Para el muestreo en la laguna se diseñó una malla de muestreo regular en la cual se midieron in situ los principales parámetros fisicoquímicos a 5 profundidades diferentes y se tomaron muestras. La composición química del agua de la cuenca es de tipo bicarbonatada sódica. El carácter efluente-influente de este humedal pudo ser confirmado a través de las mediciones isotópicas e hidroquími­caso El análisis de la conductividad eléctrica en el humedal a diferentes profundidades hace pensar en una zona de recarga preferencial en el contacto de la laguna con el faldeo oriental de la Sierra La Brava, donde se evidencia una disminución importante de este parámetro. La información obtenida indica que la recarga al acu(fero en esta zona es influenciada por: la precipitación, la descarga proveniente del humedal, la concentración del escurrimiento superficial desde el frente montañoso hacia las depresiones interserranas y el aporte de agua proveniente del sistema de jisuras presente en las ortocuarcitas.Understanding the hydrological functioning and the interaction among the different water bodies present in a specific area are essential when planning the rational use of the hydric resource. The aim of the present paper is to validate and adjust the conceptual hydrogeological model for a wetland of the Buenos Aires Pampa Plain through hydrochemical and isotopic techniques. La Brava Wetland Basin (53.6 km2) has been selected. La Brava is a shallow and permanent wetland with an area of 4.0 km2 and a maximum depth of 4.57 m. Samples for physicochemical and isotopic analyses were taken from groundwater, the wetland, and in the inflow and outflow streams. A regular grid was designed for the wetland sampling to measure in situ the main physical and chemical parameters at 5 different depths. The chemical composition of the water in the basin is of sodium bicarbonate type. Hydrochemical and isotopic data allowed the confirmation of the effiuent-influent behavior of this wetland. Electrical conductivity analysis in the wetland at different depths shows a possible preferential recharge zone in the contact of the wetland with La Brava Hill, where an important decrease in this parameter was detected. The information obtained indicates that the recharge to the aquifer is influenced by: the rainfall, the wetland discharge, the concentration of surface ron-off from the range fringes to inter-range depressions and water input from the fault system present in the quartzites

An Instance Selection Algorithm for Big Data in High imbalanced datasets based on LSH

Training of Machine Learning (ML) models in real contexts often deals with big data sets and high-class imbalance samples where the class of interest is unrepresented (minority class). Practical solutions using classical ML models address the problem of large data sets using parallel/distributed implementations of training algorithms, approximate model-based solutions, or applying instance selection (IS) algorithms to eliminate redundant information. However, the combined problem of big and high imbalanced datasets has been less addressed. This work proposes three new methods for IS to be able to deal with large and imbalanced data sets. The proposed methods use Locality Sensitive Hashing (LSH) as a base clustering technique, and then three different sampling methods are applied on top of the clusters (or buckets) generated by LSH. The algorithms were developed in the Apache Spark framework, guaranteeing their scalability. The experiments carried out in three different datasets suggest that the proposed IS methods can improve the performance of a base ML model between 5% and 19% in terms of the geometric mean.Comment: 23 pages, 15 figure

Medidas experimentales de desplazamientos micrométricos basadas en vórtices ópticos

In this work, a system for measuring micrometer-displacements based on the characteristics of optical vortices is presented. In the proposal, a binary vortex-producing lens (BVPL) programmed to generate optimized optical vortices is transversally displaced from the optical axis, inducing perturbations on the optical characteristics of the vortices that are used as transduction parameters. Specifically, the method proposed theoretically by Anzolin et al. [18], which is based on the asymmetry of the intensity patterns of the off-axis optical vortices, is studied experimentally by using BVPLs. Experimental implementation is completely described and compared with theoretical results, likewise, metrological characteristics of the experimental metrological system are analyzed. Based on the results, we experimentally confirm the possibility of creating high sensitivity metrological systems by using optical vortices, opening the door for new vortex metrology techniques.En este trabajo, un sistema para medir desplazamientos micrométricos basados en las características de vórtices ópticos es presentado. En la propuesta, una lente productora de vórtices binaria (BVPL) programada para generar vórtices ópticos optimizados es desplazada transversalmente del eje óptico, induciendo perturbaciones en las características ópticas de los vórtices que son usadas como parámetros de transducción. Específicamente, el método propuesto por Anzolín et al [18], el cuál es basado en la asimetría de los patrones de intensidad de los vórtices ópticos fuera del eje, es estudiado experimentalmente usando BVPLs. Se describe completamente la implementación experimental y se compara con los resultados teóricos, así mismo, se analizan características metrológicas del sistema metrológico experimental. En base a los resultados, confirmamos experimentalmente la posibilidad de crear sistemas metrológicos de alta sensibilidad utilizando vórtices ópticos, abriendo la puerta para nuevas técnicas de metrología de vórtices.Centro de Investigaciones Óptica

Implementación de un aerogenerador de 200 W para la iluminación de un apartamento unifamiliar localizado en la localidad de Usme en Bogotá

Este artículo detalla el diseño y la instalación de un aerogenerador de 200 W para la iluminación de un inmueble que consta de cinco compartimentos. Para la implementación se opta por re-diseñar y construir el dispositivo antecesor que incluye un sistema tri-pala cuyo estándar aeronáutico es NACA 4412, un amplificador de velocidad y una veleta. Posteriormente, se implementa todo el sistema eléctrico que está compuesto por un generador de imanes permanentes, un sistema de acondicionamiento de señal, un sistema de control y un sistema de acumulación de energía. Finalmente, se realiza un estudio de iluminación donde se elige la luminaria apropiada y las condiciones de iluminación favorables y óptimas para el inmueble según RETILAP

Spatial variation in educational quality in Colombia based on the phenomena of agglomeration and academic segregation

This study seeks to measure the degree of agglomeration of educational quality in Colombia, based on the nonsocialization of the population that exhibits low educational quality, with the population that exhibits high educational quality, and thus determine how such agglomeration affects the phenomenon of academic segregation. To this end, we perform a spatial analysis of the educational quality in Colombia and of variables that may influence the phenomenon of educational agglomeration. The level of agglomeration in educational quality in Colombia is demonstrated by the calculation of the Moran’s Index, in which a result of 0.62 was obtained. High educational quality is concentrated in the Andean region, while low educational quality is agglomerated in the periphery of the country, in areas such as the Pacific region. A spatial regression model was carried out to measure the dependence of municipalities on their neighbors, and to determine the main socio-economic factors affecting the phenomenon of educational agglomeration in Colombia, finding that living conditions, unsatisfied basic needs and fiscal transparency all have an impact on the educational quality of the municipalities. It is also found that the number of homicides in the municipalities does not seem to have a significant relationship with education

Caracterización preliminar del enzima polifenol oxidasa en frutas tropicales: implicaciones en su proceso de industrialización

En este trabajo se hace una caracterización preliminar del enzima Polifenol Oxidasa (PPO), responsable del deterioro nutricional de Physalis peruviana L (uchuva) y Solanum hirtum X Solanum quitoense (lulo), frutas de alto potencial en mercados internacionales. Para ello, se evalúan la cinética de reacción de un extracto enzimático concentrado y la capacidad inhibitoria de compuestos obtenidos a partir de fuentes naturales. Las diferencias entre los PPO del extracto enzimático de lulo y uchuva, con valores de velocidad de reacción de 1,32x10- 4±1,15x10-51 y 9,83x10-3 ±1,49x10-4 respectivamente, podrían estar relacionadas con una mayor cantidad del enzima en lulo. Por otra parte se hace un análisis del porcentaje de inhibición y una medición de absorbancia a punto final, para determinar no solo la capacidad inhibitoria sino también tener una aproximación a la duración de su efecto en el tiempo