Controle, exigências, apoio social no trabalho e efeitos na saúde de trabalhadores adolescentes

OBJETIVO: Avaliar as dimensões físicas e psicológicas do trabalho de adolescentes (demanda de trabalho, controle no trabalho e apoio social e ambiental), relacionando-os a relatos de: dores no corpo, acidentes de trabalho, duração de sono e duração diária da jornada de trabalho. MÉTODOS: Participaram do estudo 354 estudantes do período noturno de escola pública no Município de São Paulo, entre abril e maio de 2001. Esses, responderam a questionário sobre condições de vida, trabalho (escalas Karasek de controle no trabalho) e estado de saúde. Foram feitas análises de regressão logística múltipla a fim de determinar a relação entre variáveis. RESULTADOS: As exigências psicológicas mostraram-se associadas aos relatos de dores no corpo (OR=3,3), maiores riscos de ocorrência de acidentes de trabalho (OR=3,0) e redução da duração do sono durante os dias de semana (segunda a quinta-feira) (pOBJECTIVE: To evaluate physical and psychological dimensions of adolescent labor (such as job demands, job control, and social support in the work environment), and their relation to reported body pain, work injuries, sleep duration and daily working hours. METHODS: A total of 354 adolescents attending evening classes at a public school in São Paulo, Brazil, answered questionnaires regarding their living and working conditions (Karasek's Job Content Questionnaire, 1998), and their health status. Data collection took place in April and May 2001. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to determine relations among variables. RESULTS: Psychological job demands were related to body pain (OR=3.3), higher risk of work injuries (OR=3.0) and reduced sleep duration in weekdays (Monday to Thursday) (

O desemprego do tempo: narrativas de trabalhadores desempregados em diferentes ambientes sociais

The article intends to show some ways the unemployed deal with their own conditions. It assume that different contexts and places would allow different ways to deal with unemployment to develop. Therefore, we had semi-prepared interviews in localities where unemployment is an institutional theme professional - employment services - as much as localities where there wasn’t this kind of concern, although there were unemployed people - such as taverns and churches. The interviews intended to establish themes on experienced unemployment through varied dimensions, from the speech of the experience of the unemployed workers, passing through different representations of unemployment in the society. Amongst the established categories of analysis, time emerged remarkably, in several ways, and became consolidated as the main category, making a synthesis of what we found. We considered that, in fact, different expressions about unemployment surfaced at places with different social functions and those activities, together with the individuals’ representations on unemployment, were the axis that shaped the form and subject of the interviews, pointing both similarities and dissimilarities. In this context, we identified three dimensions on the subjects’ speeches as fundamental on their ways of dealing with unemployment: causes of unemployment, emotional existence and critique about the situation.O artigo apresenta alguns modos pelos quais pessoas desempregadas lidam com sua situação. Partiu da hipótese de que diferentes contextos e locais possibilitariam a expressão de distintos modos de lidar com o desemprego. Para tanto, realizamos entrevistas semi-dirigidas em locais onde o desemprego é um tema institucional - serviços de recolocação profissional - e em lugares onde não há essa preocupação mas onde seria provável encontrar pessoas sem emprego - bares e igrejas. As entrevistas procuraram tematizar o desemprego vivido em várias dimensões, a partir do relato da experiência dos trabalhadores desempregados, passando pelas diferentes representações do desemprego na sociedade. Entre as categorias de análise que estabelecemos, o tempo, sob vários aspectos, apareceu sempre de forma marcante e consolidou-se como categoria central, que pôde sintetizar bem o que encontramos. Consideramos que realmente surgiram diferentes manifestações do desemprego em locais com diferentes funções sociais e que essas funções, somadas às representações dos indivíduos sobre o desemprego, eram os eixos que norteavam a forma e o conteúdo das entrevistas, apontando tanto semelhanças quanto diferenças. Dentro disso, houve três dimensões que identificamos nos discursos de todos os entrevistados como fundamentais nos seus modos de lidar com o desemprego: causas do desemprego, vivência afetiva e críticas à situação

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

Adjustment of the simulators of meteorological data of the EPIC model for different localities in the State of São Paulo, Brazil

EPIC (Erosion Productivity Impact Calculator) model has been developed to simulate the effect of agricultural management strategies of water resources and soil productivity. In this study, the performance of meteorological data simulators were evaluated for six (Campinas, Jaú, Manduri, Mococa, Pindorama and Ubatuba) localities in the State of São Paulo, Brazil, which include the Markov chain probabilities for the sequences of wet and dry days; the maximum air temperature model adjusted for wet days; and the solar radiation model also adjusted for wet days. From tests and adjustments of the models using the historical data for each locality, the best performance for the model of probabilities for dry days sequence has been found, taking into account the last wet day - P(W|D) in relation to the model of probabilities of two consecutive wet days sequence - P(W|W). The maximum air temperature and solar radiation models have presented good performance in tests after the adjustment for each locality. For all models, the best results have been obtained from the local adjustments, when compared to the original model conceived for EPIC. Model results for Ubatuba data were distinct from the other sites.O modelo EPIC (Erosion Productivity Impact Calculator) foi desenvolvido para simular o efeito de estratégias de manejos agrícolas em recursos hídricos e produtividade de solos. No presente estudo, o desempenho dos simuladores de dados meteorológicos foi avaliado para localidades do Estado de São Paulo (Campinas, Jaú, Manduri, Mococa, Pindorama e Ubatuba), incluindo: a Cadeia de Markov para probabilidades de seqüências de dias úmidos e secos; a equação de temperatura máxima ajustada para dias úmidos e a equação de radiação solar, também ajustada para dias úmidos. A partir dos testes e ajustes dos modelos com os dados históricos, verificou-se o melhor desempenho para o modelo de probabilidade de seqüências de dias secos, considerando-se o dia anterior úmido - P(W|D) em relação ao modelo de probabilidade de seqüências para dois dias úmidos consecutivos - P(W|W). Os modelos de temperatura máxima do ar e de radiação solar apresentaram bom desempenho nos testes. Para todos os modelos, os melhores resultados foram obtidos a partir dos ajustes para cada local, quando comparados às estimativas obtidas pelos valores originais propostos na concepção do EPIC. Ubatuba apresentou comportamento distinto.23924

Job control, job demands, social support at work and health among adolescent workers Controle, exigências, apoio social no trabalho e efeitos na saúde de trabalhadores adolescentes

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate physical and psychological dimensions of adolescent labor (such as job demands, job control, and social support in the work environment), and their relation to reported body pain, work injuries, sleep duration and daily working hours. METHODS: A total of 354 adolescents attending evening classes at a public school in São Paulo, Brazil, answered questionnaires regarding their living and working conditions (Karasek's Job Content Questionnaire, 1998), and their health status. Data collection took place in April and May 2001. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to determine relations among variables. RESULTS: Psychological job demands were related to body pain (OR=3.3), higher risk of work injuries (OR=3.0) and reduced sleep duration in weekdays (Monday to Thursday) (p<0.01). Lower decision authority in the workplace (p=0.03) and higher job security (p=0.02) were related to longer daily working hours. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that besides physical stressors, psychological factors are to be taken into account when studying adolescent working conditions, as they may be associated with negative job conditions and health effects.<br>OBJETIVO: Avaliar as dimensões físicas e psicológicas do trabalho de adolescentes (demanda de trabalho, controle no trabalho e apoio social e ambiental), relacionando-os a relatos de: dores no corpo, acidentes de trabalho, duração de sono e duração diária da jornada de trabalho. MÉTODOS: Participaram do estudo 354 estudantes do período noturno de escola pública no Município de São Paulo, entre abril e maio de 2001. Esses, responderam a questionário sobre condições de vida, trabalho (escalas Karasek de controle no trabalho) e estado de saúde. Foram feitas análises de regressão logística múltipla a fim de determinar a relação entre variáveis. RESULTADOS: As exigências psicológicas mostraram-se associadas aos relatos de dores no corpo (OR=3,3), maiores riscos de ocorrência de acidentes de trabalho (OR=3,0) e redução da duração do sono durante os dias de semana (segunda a quinta-feira) (p<0,01). Baixa autoridade de decisão (p=0,03) e maior segurança no emprego (p=0,02) estão relacionadas à maior duração da jornada diária de trabalho. CONCLUSÕES: Concluiu-se que não somente os estressores físicos, mas também os psicológicos devem ser levados em consideração quando avaliadas as condições de trabalho de adolescentes, já que esses podem ser associados às más condições de trabalho e efeitos negativos na saúde

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data