Cross-contamination of oilseeds by insecticide residues during storage

Pesticide residues are found in oilseeds (rapeseed and sunflower) and crude oils: they are mainly organophosphate insecticides (pirimiophos-methyl, malathion when authorized) used in empty storage facilities and for direct application to stored cereal grain. Even if some secondary pests are found in stored oilseeds, French regulations do not allow use of these insecticides on stored oilseeds. These residues arise from cross-contamination from storage bins and grain handling equipment of grain stores, and not from illegal use. This uptake of insecticide residues from their storage environment by oilseeds may lead to residue contents that exceed regulatory limits. A three-year investigation in grain storage companies allowed us to follow the course of sunflower batches and rapeseed batches during storage seasons 2006-2007, 2007-2008 and 2008-2009, from reception at the storage facility to outloading. Each of these batches was sampled at outloading, and was analyzed for insecticide residues. Traceability of oilseeds established by grain-store managers allowed us to identify cross-contamination sources. The insecticides that were most commonly detected were pirimiophos-methyl, malathion, and dichlorvos (in sunflower 2006-2007), plus chlorpyriphos-methyl and deltamethrin. Pirimiophos-methyl was the most commonly detected active substance, and caused the most cases of non-accordance with regulatory levels in rapeseed. Cross-contamination could have occurred when cereal grains were treated upon receipt, when rapeseed was also delivered, especially when treatments were done systematically to the cereal grains. For sunflower, the main cross-contamination hazard resulted from treatment of cereals at the period of receipt or at their outloading, just before sunflower seeds batches were outloaded. Another situation led to cross-contamination, but generally at a lower extent: oilseeds stored in bins that contained previously treated cereals, or loaded in empty bins with handling equipment treated before the receipt of oilseeds.Keywords: Oilseed storage, Cross-contamination, Insecticide residues, Rapeseed, Sunflowe

Rigorous analysis of a satellite antenna including its surrounding environment with the Dual-Grid FDTD method

International audienceThis paper presents a rigorous analysis of a satellite antenna mounted onto its platform using the Dual-Grid FDTD method. In the first step of the method, the isolated antenna is analyzed. The study of the surrounded antenna is carried out in the second step of the DG-FDTD method. The results obtained in this realistic test case show the significant influence of the environment over the antenna

Hybridization of the Dual-Grid FDTD with the Physical Optics to Analyze Antennas Mounted on Large and Complex Platforms

International audienceThis paper presents a new simulation strategy based on the hybridization of a fullwave time domain multi-scale method, the Dual-Grid FDTD (DG-FDTD), and the Physical Optics (PO). This new method aims at simulating antennas mounted on large conducting platforms and whose nearby surrounding environment is very complex. Typical application fields of the hybrid DG-FDTD/PO method are the computation of radiation patterns of antennas mounted on carriers such as satellites, ships, aircraft and land vehicules

Hybridation de la DG-FDTD avec l'optique physique fréquentielle pour l'analyse d'antennes sur porteur

National audienceCet article propose une nouvelle méthode hybride destinée à l'analyse du rayonnement, sur une large bande de fréquences, d'antennes présentant un environnement proche complexe et positionnées sur des structures électriquement grandes. On présente ainsi l'hybridation entre une méthode temporelle multi-échelle rigoureuse, la DG-FDTD (Dual Grid-FDTD), et une méthode asymptotique, l'optique physique fréquentielle. Afin d'illustrer les performances de cette méthode, on traite, dans la dernière partie de cet article, le cas d'une antenne placée sur un véhicule

Obligation to Judge or Judging Obligations: The Integration of Philosophy and Science in Francophone Philosophy of Science

The aim of this chapter is to show how Francophone PS, or what is called French (historical) epistemology, embodies this interconnectedness. Moreover, a novel approach to what constitutes French epistemology will be developed here, going beyond a purely historical survey or a reevaluation of a range of concepts found in this tradition.7 The aim is instead to highlight two methodological principles at work in French epistemology that are often in tension with one another, but are not recognized as such in the literature

Artistic manifestations as a mean of connection to the world outside the cloister: mural paintings in the Monastery of São Bento de Cástris

S. Bento de Cástris Monastery was the first extramural monastic community in the town of Évora and the first Cistercian female community in southern Portugal. In the 16th century, as in other monasteries, its regular life underwent an intense reformation, because one of the main goals of the Ecumenical Council of Trent – held between 1545 and 1563 – was the regularization of monastic communities. Together with a spiritual renovation, influences of the Counter-reformation and of the Baroque culture were felt in the monastery artistic production (e.g. gilded woodwork, tiles, liturgical furniture, vestments, and frescoes). Mural paintings were particularly present in the cloistered spaces that were only accessible to the nuns (Refectory, High Choir, and Infirmary). Even today these spaces are not easely accessible for security reasons. The aim of this paper is to provide an insight view of the paintings and of the religious and cultural context on which they were produce

Translation and validation of the French Movement Imagery Questionnaire. Revised Second Version (MIQ-RS)

Introduction Motor imagery can be defined as a dynamic state during which the representation of a movement is internally rehearsed in the absence of voluntary movements. There are two strategies to mentally simulate the movements, either a visual representation of the movements (visual imagery), or kinesthetic feeling of the movement (kinetic imagery). In stroke rehabilitation, studies indicate that motor imagery associated with physical therapy results in cortical reorganization and correlative functional improvements. Aim The aim of this study is to provide to the French-speaking community a valid and reliable version of the Movement Imagery Questionnaire – Revised Second Version (MIQ-RS). Method We examined the test-retest, inter-rate reliability and the internal consistency of the visual and kinesthetic items of our French version of MIQ-RS in 153 healthy subjects. Results Results showed the internal consistency (Cronbach α = 0.90) and test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient for visual items = 0.68 and for kinesthetic items = 0.78) of the French version of MIQ-RS were satisfactory; the two-factor structure was supported by confirmatory factor analysis. Conclusion The French version of MIQ-RS is a valid and reliable instrument in French-speaking population and therefore useful as a measure for motor imagery ability

DUAL-ANNULAR SLOT PHASE-SHIFTING CELL LOADED WITH MEMS SWITCHES FOR RECONFIGURABLE REFLECTARRAYS

International audienceReconfigurable reflectarrays require low-loss and lowdispersion active cells in order to achieve efficient beam scanning or beam shaping on a large bandwidth. The low-loss constraint is the more stringent as the introduction of tunable components (such as MEMS) in resonant phase-shifting cells may dramatically decrease their quality factor. In this paper, a comprehensive review of recent developments at IETR and TAS is carried out with the objective to dynamically control complementary resonant modes in a reconfigurable phase-shifting cell. The new topology consists of a dualannular slot loaded with 8 MEMS switches. It operates around 12 GHz and can provide four equidistributed phase states with low dispersion and low losses