208 research outputs found
A research and evaluation capacity building model in Western Australia
Evaluation of public health programs, services and policies is increasingly required to demonstrate effectiveness. Funding constraints necessitate that existing programs, services and policies be evaluated and their findings disseminated. Evidence-informed practice and policy is also desirable to maximise investments in public health. Partnerships between public health researchers, service providers and policymakers can help address evaluation knowledge and skills gaps. The Western Australian Sexual Health and Blood-borne Virus Applied Research and Evaluation Network (SiREN) aims to build research and evaluation capacity in the sexual health and blood-borne virus sector in Western Australia (WA). Partners’ perspectives of the SiREN model after 2 years were explored. Qualitative written responses from service providers, policymakers and researchers about the SiREN model were analysed thematically. Service providers reported that participation in SiREN prompted them to consider evaluation earlier in the planning process and increased their appreciation of the value of evaluation. Policymakers noted benefits of the model in generating local evidence and highlighting local issues of importance for consideration at a national level. Researchers identified challenges communicating the services available through SiREN and the time investment needed to develop effective collaborative partnerships. Stronger engagement between public health researchers, service providers and policymakers through collaborative partnerships has the potential to improve evidence generation and evidence translation. These outcomes require long-term funding and commitment from all partners to develop and maintain partnerships. Ongoing monitoring and evaluation can ensure the partnership remains responsive to the needs of key stakeholders. The findings are applicable to many sectors
Thin-shell wormholes with a generalized Chaplygin gas in Einstein-Born-Infeld theory
We construct spherically symmetric thin-shell wormholes supported by a
generalized Chaplygin gas in Born-Infeld electrodynamics coupled to Einstein
gravity, and we analyze their stability under radial perturbations. For
different values of the Born-Infeld parameter and the charge, we compare the
results with those obtained in a previous work for Maxwell electrodynamics. The
stability region in the parameter space reduces and then disappears as the
value of the Born-Infeld parameter is modified in the sense of a larger
departure from Maxwell theory.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures; v2: improved versio
Constraints on coupling constant between dark energy and dark matter
We have investigated constraints on the coupling between dark matter and the
interacting Chaplygin gas. Our results indicate that the coupling constant
between these two entities can take arbitrary values, which can be either
positive or negative, thus giving arbitrary freedom to the inter-conversion
between Chaplygin gas and dark matter. Thus our results indicate that the
restriction on the coupling constant occurs as a very special case. Our
analysis also supports the existence of phantom energy under certain conditions
on the coupling constant.Comment: 16 Pages, 3 figure
Star Models with Dark Energy
We have constructed star models consisting of four parts: (i) a homogeneous
inner core with anisotropic pressure (ii) an infinitesimal thin shell
separating the core and the envelope; (iii) an envelope of inhomogeneous
density and isotropic pressure; (iv) an infinitesimal thin shell matching the
envelope boundary and the exterior Schwarzschild spacetime. We have analyzed
all the energy conditions for the core, envelope and the two thin shells. We
have found that, in order to have static solutions, at least one of the regions
must be constituted by dark energy. The results show that there is no physical
reason to have a superior limit for the mass of these objects but for the ratio
of mass and radius.Comment: 20 pages, 1 figure, references and some comments added, typos
corrected, in press GR
Developing a core outcome set for fistulising perianal Crohn's disease
OBJECTIVE: Lack of standardised outcomes hampers effective analysis and comparison of data when comparing treatments in fistulising perianal Crohn's disease (pCD). Development of a standardised set of outcomes would resolve these issues. This study provides the definitive core outcome set (COS) for fistulising pCD. DESIGN: Candidate outcomes were generated through a systematic review and patient interviews. Consensus was established via a three-round Delphi process using a 9-point Likert scale based on how important they felt it was in determining treatment success culminating in a final consensus meeting. Stakeholders were recruited nationally and grouped into three panels (surgeons and radiologists, gastroenterologists and IBD specialist nurses, and patients). Participants received feedback fromtheir panel(in the second round) andall participants(in the third round) to allow refinement of their scores. RESULTS: A total of 295 outcomes were identified from systematic reviews and interviews that were categorised into 92 domains. 187 stakeholders (response rate 78.5%) prioritised 49 outcomes through a three-round Delphi study.The final consensus meeting of 41 experts and patients generated agreement on an eight domain COS. The COS comprised three patient-reported outcome domains (quality of life, incontinence and a combined score of patient priorities) and five clinician-reported outcome domains (perianal disease activity, development of new perianal abscess/sepsis, new/recurrent fistula, unplanned surgery and faecal diversion). CONCLUSION: A fistulising pCD COS has been produced by all key stakeholders. Application of the COS will reduce heterogeneity in outcome reporting, thereby facilitating more meaningful comparisons between treatments, data synthesis and ultimately benefit patient care
New agegraphic dark energy in Horava-Lifshitz cosmology
We investigate the new agegraphic dark energy scenario in a universe governed
by Horava-Lifshitz gravity. We consider both the detailed and non-detailed
balanced version of the theory, we impose an arbitrary curvature, and we allow
for an interaction between the matter and dark energy sectors. Extracting the
differential equation for the evolution of the dark energy density parameter
and performing an expansion of the dark energy equation-of-state parameter, we
calculate its present and its low-redshift value as functions of the dark
energy and curvature density parameters at present, of the Horava-Lifshitz
running parameter , of the new agegraphic dark energy parameter ,
and of the interaction coupling . We find that
and . Although this analysis indicates that the
scenario can be compatible with observations, it does not enlighten the
discussion about the possible conceptual and theoretical problems of
Horava-Lifshitz gravity.Comment: 17 pages, no figures, version published at JCA
f(R,L_m) gravity
We generalize the type gravity models by assuming that the
gravitational Lagrangian is given by an arbitrary function of the Ricci scalar
and of the matter Lagrangian . We obtain the gravitational field
equations in the metric formalism, as well as the equations of motion for test
particles, which follow from the covariant divergence of the energy-momentum
tensor. The equations of motion for test particles can also be derived from a
variational principle in the particular case in which the Lagrangian density of
the matter is an arbitrary function of the energy-density of the matter only.
Generally, the motion is non-geodesic, and takes place in the presence of an
extra force orthogonal to the four-velocity. The Newtonian limit of the
equation of motion is also considered, and a procedure for obtaining the
energy-momentum tensor of the matter is presented. The gravitational field
equations and the equations of motion for a particular model in which the
action of the gravitational field has an exponential dependence on the standard
general relativistic Hilbert--Einstein Lagrange density are also derived.Comment: 6 pages, no figures; minor modifications, references added; accepted
for publication in EPJ
Proceedings from the 2nd European Clinical Consensus Conference for device-based therapies for hypertension: state of the art and considerations for the future.
The interest in RDN for hypertension has fluctuated recently, with a flurry of initial enthusiasm followed by sudden loss of interest by researchers and device manufacturers, with an almost as sudden resurgence in clinical trials activity and device innovation more recently. There is widespread consensus that this therapeutic strategy can be effective, at least for some of the technologies available. Major uncertainties remain as to the clinical role of RDN, and whether any of the emerging technologies such as AV-anastomosis formation, carotid body ablation, carotid bulb expansion, or baroreflex stimulation will have a future as effective treatment options in patients with hypertension. In our first consensus report in 2015, the European Expert Group pointed to the major unmet need of standardization of measurements, trial design and procedural performance.6 With the large number of different technologies currently in the pipeline, this need has even increased. Only through high-quality, collaborative research and openness to new methods for recruitment, patient selection, and assessment of outcomes will it be possible to establish incontrovertibly whether device therapies for hypertension are effective and what are preferred patient populations. Once the proof of concept is established, further studies with a design relevant to clinical reality will be needed to establish the place of new devices in the treatment armoury. The clinical and research community has a large responsibility to prove or disprove the value of new therapies, in order to ensure that antihypertensive devices provide future patients with the greatest benefit and the smallest risk. copy; The Author 2017
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