Semiclassical geons as solitonic black hole remnants

We find that the end state of black hole evaporation could be represented by non-singular and without event horizon stable solitonic remnants with masses of the order the Planck scale and up to 16 units of charge. Though these objects are locally indistinguishable from spherically symmetric, massive electric (or magnetic) charges, they turn out to be sourceless geons containing a wormhole generated by the electromagnetic field. Our results are obtained by interpreting semiclassical corrections to Einstein's theory in the first-order (Palatini) formalism, which yields second-order equations and avoids the instabilities of the usual (metric) formulation of quadratic gravity. We also discuss the potential relevance of these solutions for primordial black holes and the dark matter problem.Comment: 9 pages, 1 figur

An anti-Schwarzshild solution: wormholes and scalar-tensor solutions

We investigate a static solution with an hyperbolic nature, characterised by a pseudo-spherical foliation of space. This space-time metric can be perceived as an anti-Schwarzschild solution, and exhibits repulsive features. It belongs to the class of static vacuum solutions termed "a degenerate static solution of class A". In the present work we review its fundamental features, discuss the existence of generalised wormholes, and derive its extension to scalar-tensor gravity theories in general.Comment: 3 pages, contribution to the proceedings of the Spanish Relativity Meeting-ERE200

Microscopic wormholes and the geometry of entanglement

It has recently been suggested that Einstein-Rosen (ER) bridges can be interpreted as maximally entangled states of two black holes that form a complex Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pair. This relationship has been dubbed as the ER = EPR correlation. In this work, we consider the latter conjecture in the context of quadratic Palatini theory. An important result, which stems from the underlying assumptions about the geometry on which the theory is constructed, is the fact that all the charged solutions of the quadratic Palatini theory possess a wormhole structure. Our results show that spacetime may have a foam-like microstructure with wormholes generated by fluctuations of the quantum vacuum. This involves the spontaneous creation/annihilation of entangled particle-antiparticle pairs, existing in a maximally entangled state connected by a non-traversable wormhole. Since the particles are produced from the vacuum and therefore exist in a singlet state, they are necessarily entangled with one another. This gives further support to the ER=EPR claim.Comment: 5 pages. V2: minor changes and references adde

Correlation between Local Structure Distortions and Martensitic Transformation in Ni-Mn-In alloys

The local structural distortions arising as a consequence of increasing Mn content in Ni_2Mn_1+xIn_1-x (x=0, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6) and its effect on martensitic transformation have been studied using Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy. Using the room temperature EXAFS at the Ni and Mn K-edges in the above compositions, the changes associated with respect to the local structure of these absorbing atoms are compared. It is seen that in the alloys exhibiting martensitic transformation ($x \ge 0.4$) there is a significant difference between the Ni-In and Ni-Mn bond lengths even in the austenitic phase indicating atomic volume to be the main factor in inducing martensitic transformation in Ni-Mn-In Heusler alloys.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figure

f(R,T) gravity

We consider f(R,T) modified theories of gravity, where the gravitational Lagrangian is given by an arbitrary function of the Ricci scalar R and of the trace of the stress-energy tensor T. We obtain the gravitational field equations in the metric formalism, as well as the equations of motion for test particles, which follow from the covariant divergence of the stress-energy tensor. Generally, the gravitational field equations depend on the nature of the matter source. The field equations of several particular models, corresponding to some explicit forms of the function f(R,T), are also presented. An important case, which is analyzed in detail, is represented by scalar field models. We write down the action and briefly consider the cosmological implications of the $f(R,T^{\phi})$ models, where $T^{\phi}$ is the trace of the stress-energy tensor of a self-interacting scalar field. The equations of motion of the test particles are also obtained from a variational principle. The motion of massive test particles is non-geodesic, and takes place in the presence of an extra force orthogonal to the four-velocity. The Newtonian limit of the equation of motion is further analyzed. Finally, we provide a constraint on the magnitude of the extra-acceleration by analyzing the perihelion precession of the planet Mercury in the framework of the present model.Comment: 14 pages. V2: minor corrections, to appear in PR

Spontaneous extrusion of gallstones after percutaneous drainage

There have been reports of late discharge of gallstones through operative wounds after spillage into the peritoneal cavity during laparoscopic cholecystectomy and after the development of spontaneous cholecystocutaneous fistulae. However, spontaneous discharge of gallstones from the tract of a percutaneous cholecystostomy or percutaneous drainage of a perforated gall bladder has not, to the best of our knowledge, been reported previously. We report a case in which a patient who had a percutaneous drain inserted for a perforated gall bladder discharged 34 gallstones from the tract after removal of the 7-F pigtail catheter

On thin-shell wormholes evolving in flat FRW spacetimes

We analize the stability of a class of thin-shell wormholes with spherical symmetry evolving in flat FRW spacetimes. The wormholes considered here are supported at the throat by a perfect fluid with equation of state $\mathcal{P}=w\sigma$ and have a physical radius equal to $aR$, where $a$ is a time-dependent function describing the dynamics of the throat and $R$ is the background scale factor. The study of wormhole stability is done by means of the stability analysis of dynamic systems.Comment: 8 pages; to appear in MPL

Dynamical generation of wormholes with charged fluids in quadratic Palatini gravity

The dynamical generation of wormholes within an extension of General Relativity (GR) containing (Planck's scale-suppressed) Ricci-squared terms is considered. The theory is formulated assuming the metric and connection to be independent (Palatini formalism) and is probed using a charged null fluid as a matter source. This has the following effect: starting from Minkowski space, when the flux is active the metric becomes a charged Vaidya-type one, and once the flux is switched off the metric settles down into a static configuration such that far from the Planck scale the geometry is virtually indistinguishable from that of the standard Reissner-Nordstr\"om solution of GR. However, the innermost region undergoes significant changes, as the GR singularity is generically replaced by a wormhole structure. Such a structure becomes completely regular for a certain charge-to-mass ratio. Moreover, the nontrivial topology of the wormhole allows to define a charge in terms of lines of force trapped in the topology such that the density of lines flowing across the wormhole throat becomes a universal constant. To the light of our results we comment on the physical significance of curvature divergences in this theory and the topology change issue, which support the view that space-time could have a foam-like microstructure pervaded by wormholes generated by quantum gravitational effects.Comment: 14 pages, 3 figures, revtex4-1 style. New content added on section VI. Other minor corrections introduced. Final version to appear in Phys. Rev.