Consanguinitat

S'explica què eés la consanguinitat des del punt de vista genètic i es proporciona el mètode per a mesurar el grau de parentiu entre dos individus emparentats  i el seu coeficient de relació, així com el coeficient d'endogàmia d'un individu fruit d'una relació cosanguíni

Growth of binary oxides on Si substrates:solid solutions of SiO2-GeO2 and HfO2-ZrO2

Functional oxides are materials with interesting properties for electronic applications. In this thesis, we investigate the growth of thin films of two types of oxides: mixtures of silicon oxide and germanium oxide, and mixtures of hafnium oxide and zirconium oxide. These mixtures can have varying amounts of their components, which we can use to change their properties. Silicon and germanium oxide can adopt the alpha-quartz structure, which is piezoelectric (that is, they can convert electrical stimuli to a mechanical response, and vice versa). This is an important property for communications components. To make devices that operate at higher frequencies (5G and beyond), we would like to make ever smaller quartz elements. To do this, we grow silicon and germanium oxide thin films in a non-crystalline, thus non-piezoelectric state. We can do this by alternating layers of pure silicon oxide with layers of pure germanium oxide using a chemistry-based method (Atomic Layer Deposition), or by growing a mix of the two using a physics-based method (Pulsed Laser Deposition). Then, we guide them into the correct crystalline form in a high temperature furnace. Hafnium and zirconium oxide are peculiar in that they can be ferroelectric (which has applications in memory storage) but only when they are grown in very thin films. We investigate their behavior when these films are grown by Pulsed Laser Deposition on silicon substrates (the most common substrate type in industry). In both cases, we investigate the results using various techniques, mainly based on X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy

Els Mamífers marins i els seus noms

Al món hi ha al voltant de 120 espècies de mamífers marins pertanyents als grups dels cetacis, sirènids i pinnípedes. N'hi ha que tenen un nom català tradicional perquè són presents a les nostres aigües o perquè són importants en la cultura popular, i per a la resta han estat proposats diversos noms. En aquest treball s'ha intentat recopilar-los, identificar-ne les espècies i comentar alguns casos particulars de confusions o migració. Es presenta la llista completa d'espècies amb els noms catalans detectats, al voltant de 300, i les fonts bibliogràfiques.There are about 120 species of marine mammals in the world including cetaceans, sirenidae and pinnipedia. Some of them have a traditional Catalan name due to their presence in our waters or their importance in popular culture. For the rest several names have been proposed. This paper attempts to collect all of them, identify the species and discuss some particular cases of confusion or name migration. The complete list of species, their Catalan names, around 300, and bibliographic sources is presented

Pleuronectes platessa, una especie fantasma en el Mediterráneo?

European plaice Pleuronectes platessa often appears in ichthyological check lists for the Mediterranean Sea, as well as in regional field guides and even in some official national landings statistics. However we have not found a single ichthyologist or fisheries biologist who has actually observed this fish in the Mediterranean. The ichthyologic sources available, from classical antiquity to recent times, were checked in order to follow the track of the citations (i.e. true field observations or citations of former authors), and to try to detect misidentifications, if any. Few of these citations appear to be reliable and misidentifications with flounder Platichthys flesus are frequent. Recent scientific trawl surveys have not reported any observations of plaice. The statistics provided by France to the FAO with positive catches of P. platessa appear to be misidentifications of P. flesus. Plaice may have been present in some areas of the Mediterranean in the past, as a result of climatic changes related to the ice age. However, the species seems to be absent now. We propose that this species should be removed from the ichthyofauna records of the Mediterranean.La especie Pleuronectes platessa aparece a menudo en los listados de peces del Mediterráneo, guías de identificación de especies mediterráneas, e incluso en estadísticas oficiales. Sin embargo no hemos encontrado un solo ictiólogo o biólogo pesquero que la haya observado en dicho mar. Se han comprobado las obras de ictiología desde la antiguedad clásica hasta nuestros días con el fin de seguir la pista de las citas, por si son auténticas observaciones de campo o citas de autores anteriores, y tratar de detectar errores de identificación en caso que los haya. Pocas citas aparecen como verdaderamente confiables, la mayoría no lo son. Las confusiones con Platichthys flesus son frecuentes. Las campañas científicas recientes tampoco han proporcionado ninguna observación de Pleuronectes platessa. Las estadísticas que Francia ha proporcionado a la FAO con capturas de esta especie, resultan ser confusiones de identificación con Platichthys flesus. Pleuronectes platesa podría haber estado presente en algunas áreas del Mediterráneo en el pasado como resultado de los cambios climáticos relacionados con la pequeña edad del hielo. No obstante parece que en la actualidad es ausente. Proponemos eliminar la especie de los registros de la fauna ictiológica del Mediterráneo

Plausible Physical Mechanisms for Unusual Volatile/Non-Volatile Resistive Switching in HfO2-Based Stacks

Memristive devices made of silicon compatible simple oxides are of great interest for storage and logic devices in future adaptable electronics and non-digital computing applications. A series of highly desirable properties observed in an atomic-layer-deposited hafnia-based stack, triggered our interest to investigate their suitability for technological implementations. In this paper, we report our attempts to reproduce the observed behaviour within the framework of a proposed underlying mechanism. The inability of achieving the electrical response of the original batch indicates that a key aspect in those devices has remained undetected. By comparing newly made devices with the original ones, we gather some clues on the plausible alternative mechanisms that could give rise to comparable electrical behaviours