142 research outputs found

    Monitoring wolf populations using howling points combined with sign survey transects

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    Wolves respond to simulated howling, especially during the mating and breeding seasons. Simulated howling points are, therefore, commonly used by many wolf researchers around the world to estimate pack numbers in a given area. A large amount of information is available on various pack breeding areas in Asturias, the only region in north-western Spain where the Iberian wolf (Canis lupus signatus, Cabrera 1907) is not classed as a game species. Wolf research began there in the early 1980s. We present the results of the latest study on population status, conducted between July and November, 2001. Using sampling transects to detect wolf scat and scratch marks and designated howling and observation points, twenty one (21) wolf packs were definitely located, with two others considered “likely”. Nineteen (19) packs were detected using howling points (n=314). The results of this study show that simulated howling points and sampling transects are reliable and inexpensive way of detecting wolf packs

    Central Actions of 3α,5α-THP Involving NMDA and GABA\u3csub\u3eA\u3c/sub\u3e Receptors Regulate Affective and Sexual Behavior of Female Rats

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    © Copyright © 2020 Frye, Qrareya, Llaneza and Paris. The neurosteroid, 5α-pregnan-3α-ol-20-one (known as “allopregnanolone” or 3α,5α-THP), is produced in the midbrain ventral tegmental area (VTA), independent of peripheral sources of progestogens, where it has potential actions at N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and GABAA receptors to facilitate rodent sexual behavior. Progestogens can also have anti-anxiety effects, but whether these involve actions of centrally-derived 3α,5α-THP or these receptors to support reproductively-relevant behavior is not well understood. We investigated the extent to which 3α,5α-THP’s actions via NMDA and/or GABAA receptors in the midbrain VTA influence reproductive behaviors. Estradiol-primed, ovariectomized/adrenalectomized (OVX/ADX) rats received midbrain VTA infusions of vehicle, an NMDA receptor blocker (MK-801; 200 ng), or a GABAA receptor blocker (bicuculline; 100 ng) followed by a second infusion of vehicle or 3α,5α-THP (100 ng). Reproductively-relevant behaviors were assessed: sexual (paced mating), anxiety-like (elevated plus maze), and social (partner preference, social interaction) behavior. Compared to vehicle, intra-VTA infusions of MK-801 exerted anxiolytic-like effects on elevated plus maze behavior and enhanced lordosis. Unlike prior observations in gonadally-intact rats, intra-VTA bicuculline had no effect on the behavior of OVX/ADX rats (likely due to a floor effect). Subsequent infusions of 3α,5α-THP reversed effects on lordosis and infusions of bicuculline inhibited 3α,5α-THP-facilitated lordosis. Thus, NMDA and GABAA receptors may act as mediators for reproductive behavioral effects of 3α,5α-THP in the midbrain VTA

    Genetic characterization of Carnivore Parvoviruses in Spanish wildlife reveals domestic dog and cat-related sequences

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    The impact of carnivore parvovirus infection on wild populations is not yet understood; disease signs are mainly developed in pups and assessing the health of litters in wild carnivores has big limitations. This study aims to shed light on the virus dynamics among wild carnivores thanks to the analysis of 213 samples collected between 1994 and 2013 in wild ecosystems from Spain. We determined the presence of carnivore parvovirus DNA by real‐time PCR and sequenced the vp2 gen from 22 positive samples to characterize the strains and to perform phylogenetic analysis. The presence of carnivore parvovirus DNA was confirmed in 18% of the samples, with a higher prevalence detected in wolves (Canis lupus signatus, 70%). Fourteen sequences belonging to nine wolves, three Eurasian badgers (Meles meles), a common genet (Genetta genetta) and a European wildcat (Felis silvestris) were classified as canine parvovirus 2c (CPV‐2c); five sequences from three wolves, a red fox (Vulpes vulpes) and a stone marten (Martes foina) as CPV‐2b; and three sequences from a badger, a genet and a stone marten as feline parvovirus (FPV). This was the first report of a wildcat infected with a canine strain. Sequences described in this study were identical or very close related to others previously found in domestic carnivores from distant countries, suggesting that cross‐species transmission takes place and that the parvovirus epidemiology in Spain, as elsewhere, could be influenced by global factors

    Repercusiones del Programa Delfos sobre los niveles de agresividad en el deporte y otros contextos de la vida diaria

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    Este estudio examinó la repercusión del Programa Delfos de educación en valores a través del deporte en los niveles de agresividad de jóvenes escolares. La muestra estuvo formada por estudiantes de ocho colegios públicos (N = 160), de una media de edad de 10,6 años (grupo experimental = 79, grupo control = 81). Al grupo experimental se aplicó el Programa de Intervención en veinticuatro sesiones de una hora de duración. En el mismo tiempo el grupo control realizó las sesiones de educación física que tenían programadas. Los resultados mostraron, en el grupo experimental, mejoras significativas en los comportamientos asertivos y una disminución de las conductas agresivas tanto en el deporte como en otros contextos. En el grupo control no se encontraron cambios significativos

    Repercussions del Programa Delfos sobre els nivells d’agressivitat en l’esport i en altres contexts de la vida diària

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    Aquest estudi va examinar la repercussió del Programa Delfos d’educació en valors a través de l’esport en els nivells d’agressivitat de joves escolars. La mostra va estar formada per estudiants de vuit col·legis públics (N=160), d’una mitjana d’edat de 10,6 anys (grup experimental = 79, grup control = 81). Es va aplicar el Programa d’Intervenció al grup experimental en vint-i-quatre sessions d’una hora de durada. Alhora, el grup control va realitzar les sessions d’educació física que tenien programades. Els resultats van mostrar, en el grup experimental, millores significatives en els comportaments assertius i una disminució de les conductes agressives, tant en l’esport com en altres contexts. En el grup control no es van trobar canvis significatius

    A population-based controlled experiment assessing the epidemiological impact of digital contact tracing

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    While Digital contact tracing (DCT) has been argued to be a valuable complement to manual tracing in the containment of COVID-19, no empirical evidence of its effectiveness is available to date. Here, we report the results of a 4-week population-based controlled experiment that took place in La Gomera (Canary Islands, Spain) between June and July 2020, where we assessed the epidemiological impact of the Spanish DCT app Radar Covid. After a substantial communication campaign, we estimate that at least 33% of the population adopted the technology and further showed relatively high adherence and compliance as well as a quick turnaround time. The app detects about 6.3 close-contacts per primary simulated infection, a significant percentage being contacts with strangers, although the spontaneous follow-up rate of these notified cases is low. Overall, these results provide experimental evidence of the potential usefulness of DCT during an epidemic outbreak in a real population
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