14 research outputs found
Attitudes of nurses, paramedics, and medics towards security prisoners: a cross-sectional study
Abstract Background Security prisoners in Israel are those imprisoned due to offenses involving harming state security or from nationalistic motivations. On the one hand, they are accused of a serious criminal offense that harmed state security, while on the other hand they have a right to healthcare like any human being. According to the Theory of Planned Behavior, an attitude is one of three components that predict a behavior intention. The study aims to evaluate the attitudes of nurses, paramedics, and medics toward security prisoners, and to identify factors that could be related to their attitudes. Methods A cross-sectional study, conducted using a convenience sample. Attitudes toward security prisoners were measured using the Attitudes Towards Prisoners (ATP) questionnaire. The study included 281 participants. The results show that the nationality of staff members (Jewish, Muslim, or Christian) did not influence their attitudes toward security prisoners (p > 0.05). Results Staff members who had treated a security prisoner showed a more positive attitude compared with those who had never treated a security prisoner (p < 0.05). The study also found that the youngest group of participants (20–30 years) had a lower average attitude compared with older age groups (p < 0.05). This may be due to the younger participants’ closer age to the experience of military service. Conclusions This study showed that there is no connection between staff members’ nationality and their attitudes toward security prisoners. This indicates that the staff treat patients in accordance with the equality value. By characterizing variables related to the staff’s attitudes we can propose appropriate training programs for the studied staff and the introduction of this topic into the various curricula in Israel, thus improving the quality of staff care
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The Hawthorne effect on adherence to hand hygiene in patient care: a systematic review
Background: Numerous studies demonstrate that the Hawthorne effect (behaviour change caused by awareness of being observed) increases health workers’ hand hygiene adherence but it is not clear if they are methodologically robust, magnitude of the effect, how long it persists or whether it is the same across clinical settings.
Objective: Determine rigour of the methods used to assess the Hawthorne effect on hand hygiene, effect size estimation, variations between clinical settings and persistence.
Methods: Systematic literature review with meta-analysis.
Results: Nine studies met the criteria for the review. Methodological quality was poor. Data pooling was possible across six studies. The Hawthorne effect ranged from 4.2% to 65.3% with a median of 35.6%. It was 4.2% in one study conducted in intensive care and 16.4% in transplant units. It was most marked when data were collected across an entire hospital and in a group of general hospitals. Differences between wards in the same hospital were apparent. In the two studies where duration was estimated, the Hawthorne effect appeared transient.
Conclusions: Despite methodological shortcomings the review indicates clear evidence of a Hawthorne effect on general wards. There is some evidence that it may vary according to clinical specialty and across different wards within the same organisation. The review identifies a need for standardised methodologies to measure the Hawthorne effect in hand hygiene to overcome the dilemma of reporting the potentially inflated rates of adherence obtained through overt audit. Occasional covert audit could give a better estimation of ‘real’ hand hygiene adherence but its acceptability and feasibility to health workers need to be explored