Aromatic Characteristics of Passion Fruit Wines Measured by E-Nose, GC-Quadrupole MS, GC-Orbitrap-MS and Sensory Evaluation

This study investigated the volatile composition and aromatic features of passion fruit wines using a combination of gas chromatography–quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-qMS), gas chromatography–Orbitrap–mass spectrometry (GC-Orbitrap-MS), electronic nose (E-nose) and sensory evaluation. The results showed that these passion fruit wines possessed different aromatic features confirmed by E-nose. Seventeen sulfur compounds and seventy-eight volatiles were detected in these passion fruit wines using GC-Orbitrap-MS and GC-qMS, respectively. Forty-four volatiles significantly contributed to the overall wine aroma. These wines possessed passion fruit, mango, green apple, lemon and floral aromas confirmed by sensory evaluation. The partial least squares regression analysis indicated that sulfides, esters and terpenes, and terpenes mainly correlated to the passion fruit, mango and green apple aroma, respectively. Sulfur compounds significantly affected the aroma of passion fruit wine. The findings in this study could provide useful insight toward the quality control of passion fruit wine.</p

Aromatic Characteristics of Passion Fruit Wines Measured by E-Nose, GC-Quadrupole MS, GC-Orbitrap-MS and Sensory Evaluation

This study investigated the volatile composition and aromatic features of passion fruit wines using a combination of gas chromatography–quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-qMS), gas chromatography–Orbitrap–mass spectrometry (GC-Orbitrap-MS), electronic nose (E-nose) and sensory evaluation. The results showed that these passion fruit wines possessed different aromatic features confirmed by E-nose. Seventeen sulfur compounds and seventy-eight volatiles were detected in these passion fruit wines using GC-Orbitrap-MS and GC-qMS, respectively. Forty-four volatiles significantly contributed to the overall wine aroma. These wines possessed passion fruit, mango, green apple, lemon and floral aromas confirmed by sensory evaluation. The partial least squares regression analysis indicated that sulfides, esters and terpenes, and terpenes mainly correlated to the passion fruit, mango and green apple aroma, respectively. Sulfur compounds significantly affected the aroma of passion fruit wine. The findings in this study could provide useful insight toward the quality control of passion fruit wine

Numerical Simulation of Dynamic Variation Characteristics of Particles in a Rolling Fluidized Bed

When transplanting the gas–solid fluidized bed technology to the offshore floating platform, the gas–solid flow characteristics in the bed will be affected by the rolling of the platform. In this paper, the flow field, especially the dynamic variation characteristics of the particles, in a two-dimensional rolling fluidized bed, is investigated using the numerical simulation method. The results show that when the bed is in an inclined position, the gas/particle phases gather in the upper/lower wall region of the inclined bed. During the rolling process of the bed, this behavior results in a periodic change in the gas–solid flow state near the wall region, forming an overall particle internal circulation flow mode of ‘upward flow rate in the upper wall region and downward flow rate in the lower wall region’. The solid holdup in the lower wall region fluctuates at a low amplitude around high values, with a corresponding downward solid flow rate. Meanwhile, the upper wall region has a high frequency and amplitude of solid holdup fluctuations and a corresponding upward solid flow rate. In addition, affected by the Coriolis force, a ‘lag phenomenon’ appears when the inclination angle decreases, compared with the instantaneous inclination angle increase stage. It is anticipated that this paper will provide theoretical guidance for the engineering application of the fluidized bed on the offshore floating platform

Mitochondria Targeted Antioxidant Significantly Alleviates Preeclampsia Caused by 11&beta;-HSD2 Dysfunction via OPA1 and MtDNA Maintenance

We have previously demonstrated that placental 11&beta;-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11&beta;-HSD2) dysfunction contributes to PE pathogenesis. We sought to elucidate molecular mechanisms underlying 11&beta;-HSD2 dysfunction-induced PE and to seek potential therapeutic targets using a 11&beta;-HSD2 dysfunction-induced PE-like rat model as well as cultured extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs) since PE begins with impaired function of EVTs. In 11&beta;-HSD2 dysfunction-induced PE-like rat model, we revealed that placental mitochondrial dysfunction occurred, which was associated with mitDNA instability and impaired mitochondrial dynamics, such as decreased optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) expression. MitoTEMPO treatment significantly alleviated the hallmark of PE-like features and improved mitDNA stability and mitochondrial dynamics in the placentas of rat PE-like model. In cultured human EVTs, we found that 11&beta;-HSD2 dysfunction led to mitochondrial dysfunction and disrupted mtDNA stability. MitoTEMPO treatment improved impaired invasion and migration induced by 11&beta;-HSD2 dysfunction in cultured EVTs. Further, we revealed that OPA1 was one of the key factors that mediated 11&beta;-HSD2 dysfunction-induced excess ROS production, mitochondrial dysfunction and mtDNA reduction. Our data indicates that 11&beta;-HSD2 dysfunction causes mitochondrial dysfunctions, which impairs trophoblast function and subsequently results in PE development. Our study immediately highlights that excess ROS is a potential therapeutic target for PE

Comparative Analysis of Thiophene-Based Interlayer Cations for Enhanced Performance in 2D Ruddlesden–Popper Perovskite Solar Cells

2D Ruddlesden–Popper (RP) perovskites have appeared as a promising prospective material owing to their tunable optoelectronic peculiarities and structural stability. The choice of interlayer cations greatly influences the performance of the 2D RP perovskites. In this study, through theoretical calculations and experimental investigation, we demonstrate the intrinsic and device performance differences between two perovskites based on cations of thiophenemethylamine (TMA) and thiopheneethylamine (TEA). Using density functional theory (DFT) calculations, it exposes that as compared to (TMA)2PbI4, (TEA)2PbI4 exhibits more pronounced distortion of [PbI6]4– units and possesses a wider band gap and larger effective mass. The experimental results on the TMA- and TEA-based 2D perovskites further show that when TEA is used as the interlayer cation, the crystallization process tends to form more low-n phases, which hinder charge transfer and decrease light harvesting. On the other hand, when TMA is used as the interlayer cation, excessive low-n phases are not observed, and the thin film exhibits excellent quality with significantly improved electron mobility. The (TMA)2­(FA)n−1PbnI3n+1 (n = 5) perovskite device shows a remarkable conversion efficiency of 16.56%, much higher than that of TEA-based devices (PCE = 2.58%). Moreover, the unencapsulated devices based on TMA were able to maintain 88% of their initial efficiency even after being exposed to the environment (RT, RH = 30 ± 5%) for a duration of 1080 h. These findings provide important insights into the differences between thiophene-based cations and the selection of organic interlayer cations for 2D RP perovskite solar cells