The General Characteristics of Electromagnetic Radiation During Coal Fracture and Its Application in Outburst Prediction

Coal and methane outburst are catastrophic in coal mining, their prediction is difficult. In this paper, the electromagnetic radiation (EMR) generated during coal or rock deformation and fracturing is measured and analyzed. The results show that EMR truly exists during the fracture of coal or rock (with or without the presence of gas). It follows the Hurst statistical rule, and it basically exhibits gradually enhancing tendency during the process. The EMR strength and frequency are correlated to the coal or rock fracture process. Based on the experimental and theoretical studies, a new method for coal and methane outburst prediction is proposed -the EMR method. This new method significantly facilitates methane outburst prediction

Alteration of liver N-glycome in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

Purpose: Alteration of liver function during progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cirrhosis affects the serum glycoprotein pattern. In this study, the changes in the N-glycome in liver tissue from patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis caused by hepatitis B virus infection were investigated to find out the relationship between this maker and liver disease. Methods: Twenty patients, 11 with cirrhosis and 9 with hepatocellular carcinoma, and 15 healthy donors were involved in this study. Liver protein N-glycans were profiled using the DSA-FACE technique developed in our laboratory. To further analyze the fucosylation status of these liver glycans Western lectin blots of total liver proteins were performed using Aspergillus oryzae lectin (AOL) as probe, which is a carbohydrate-binding protein that recognizes specifically α-1,6-fucosylated glycans. Results: The N-glycome of liver proteins in patients with HBV related HCC and cirrhosis was analyzed. Compared with healthy donors, the N-glycome had significantly less (p < 0.05) high mannose (M8) in both groups of patients. The total core α-1,6-fucosylation in total liver glycopro-teins was dramatically increased during the progress of hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis compared to the controls. Conclusion: These results show that fucosylation not only increases in serum proteins but also in liver tissue itself of patients with HBV related HCC and cirrhosis

The Origin of the Prompt Emission for Short GRB 170817A: Photosphere Emission or Synchrotron Emission?

The first gravitational-wave event from the merger of a binary neutron star system (GW170817) was detected recently. The associated short gamma-ray burst (GRB 170817A) has a low isotropic luminosity (~1047 erg s−1) and a peak energy E p ~ 145 keV during the initial main emission between −0.3 and 0.4 s. The origin of this short GRB is still under debate, but a plausible interpretation is that it is due to the off-axis emission from a structured jet. We consider two possibilities. First, since the best-fit spectral model for the main pulse of GRB 170817A is a cutoff power law with a hard low-energy photon index ($\alpha =-{0.62}_{-0.54}^{+0.49}$), we consider an off-axis photosphere model. We develop a theory of photosphere emission in a structured jet and find that such a model can reproduce a low-energy photon index that is softer than a blackbody through enhancing high-latitude emission. The model can naturally account for the observed spectrum. The best-fit Lorentz factor along the line of sight is ~20, which demands that there is a significant delay between the merger and jet launching. Alternatively, we consider that the emission is produced via synchrotron radiation in an optically thin region in an expanding jet with decreasing magnetic fields. This model does not require a delay of jet launching but demands a larger bulk Lorentz factor along the line of sight. We perform Markov Chain Monte Carlo fitting to the data within the framework of both models and obtain good fitting results in both cases

Study of the expression levels of Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha and 3 beta in patients with different outcome of HBV infection

Hepatocyte nuclear factors 4 alpha (HNF4α) and 3 beta (HNF3β) are members of a group of liver-enriched transcription factors (LETFs) that play important roles in regulating the replication of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and liver inflammation. However, the relationship of the level of HNF4α and HNF3β with the severity of HBV-infected liver diseases is unclear. In this study, liver tissue samples from different types of HBV patients were collected, and HNF4α and HNF3β expression were detected by immunohistochemistry. The expression of HNF4α was significant higher in patients with severe hepatitis B(SHB) than those with chronic hepatitis B(CHB) and liver cirrhosis(LC) (both P < 0.05), but similar between patients with CHB and LC (P > 0.05). And the expression of HNF3β was similar among patients with CHB, LC and SHB (P > 0.05 for all pairwise comparison). This suggests that the expression level of HNF4α was different in patients with different outcome of HBV infection, high expression level of HNF4α may correlate with occurrence of SH

Tumor-Microenvironment-Activatable Nanoreactor Based on a Polyprodrug for Multimodal-Imaging-Medicated Enhanced Cancer Chemo/Phototherapy.

Anticancer nanomedicine-based multimodal imaging and synergistic therapy hold great promise in cancer diagnosis and therapy owing to their abilities to improve therapeutic efficiency and reduce unnecessary side effects, producing promising clinical prospects. Herein, we integrated chemotherapeutic drug camptothecin (CPT) and near-infrared-absorbing new indocyanine green (IR820) into a single system by charge interaction and obtained a tumor-microenvironment-activatable PCPTSS/IR820 nanoreactor to perform thermal/fluorescence/photoacoustic-imaging-guided chemotherapy and photothermal therapy simultaneously. Specifically, the generated PCPTSS/IR820 showed an excellent therapeutic agent loading content and size stability, and the trials in vitro and in vivo suggested that the smart PCPTSS/IR820 could deeply permeate into tumor tissues due to its suitable micellar size. Upon near-infrared laser irradiation, the nanoreactor further produced a terrific synergism of chemo-photo treatment for cancer therapy. Therefore, the PCPTSS/IR820 polyprodrug-based nanoreactor holds outstanding promise for multimodal imaging and combined dual therapy

A Comprehensive Analysis of Fermi Gamma-Ray Burst Data. I. Spectral Components and Their Possible Physical Origins of LAT/GBM GRBs

We present a systematic analysis of the spectral and temporal properties of 17 GRBs co-detected by GBM and LAT on board the Fermi satellite by May 2010. We performed a time-resolved spectral analysis of all the bursts with the finest temporal resolution allowed by statistics, in order to avoid temporal smearing of different spectral components. We found that the time-resolved spectra of 14 out of 17 GRBs are best modeled with the Band function over the entire Fermi spectral range, which may suggest a common origin for emissions detected by LAT and GBM. GRB 090902B and GRB 090510 require the superposition between an MeV component and an extra power law component, with the former having a sharp cutoff above E_p. For GRB 090902B, this MeV component becomes progressively narrower as the time bin gets smaller, and can be fit with a Planck function as the time bin becomes small enough. In general, we speculate that phenomenologically there may be three elemental spectral components : (I) a Band-function component (e.g. in GRB 080916C) that extends in a wide energy range and does not narrow with reducing time bins, which may be of the non-thermal origin; (II) a quasi-thermal component (e.g. in GRB 090902B) with the spectra progressively narrowing with reducing time bins; and (III) another non-thermal power law component extending to high energies. The spectra of different bursts may be decomposed into one or more of these elemental components. We compare this sample with the BATSE sample and investigate some correlations among spectral parameters. We discuss the physical implications of the data analysis results for GRB prompt emission, including jet compositions (matter-dominated vs. Poynting-flux-dominated outflow), emission sites (internal shock, external shock or photosphere), as well as radiation mechanisms (synchrotron, synchrotron self-Compton, or thermal Compton upscattering).Comment: 61 pages, 25 figures, 3 tables. 2011 ApJ in pres

بررسی حیطه‌های موجود در فرم‌های ارزشیابی از دیدگاه دانشجویان در دانشگاه علوم پزشکی زنجان در سال تحصیلی 86- 87

زمینه و هدف: ارزشیابی استادان متداول‌ترین روش جهت سنجش کیفیت آموزش می‌باشد. دانشجویان بیش از دست‌اندرکاران در جریان روند آموزش قرار‌دارند بنابراین با نظرخواهی از آنان دیدگاه کاملی برای مسئولین در مورد نقاط قوت و ضعف استادان به‌دست می‌آید. هدف از این پژوهش بررسی حیطه‌های موجود در فرم‌های ارزشیابی از دیدگاه دانشجویان در دانشکده‌های پزشکی، پیراپزشکی و پرستاری و مامایی می‌باشد. روش بررسی: این تحقیق به صورت توصیفی انجام گرفت. 1683 برگ ارزشیابی دانشجویان از استادان هیأت علمی (73 نفر) مربوط به دانشکده‌های پزشکی، پیراپزشکی و پرستاری- مامایی بررسی شد. پرسش‌نامه‌ی دانشجویان پزشکی حاوی 15 سؤوال و دانشجویان پیراپزشکی و پرستاری مامایی 21 سؤوال بود که بر اساس مقیاس لیکرات از حیطه‌های مختلف مقرراتی، علمی و آموزشی، نظارتی و نگرشی تشکیل شده بود. نمرات سؤوالات از نمره‌ی 100 محاسبه شد، نمرات بالاتر بیانگر عملکرد مطلوب‌تراستادان می‌باشد. تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها به‌صورت آمار توصیفی با نرم‌افزار SPSS انجام شد. یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد مقایسه در سطوح کلی بین دانشکده‌ها، دانشکده‌ی پیراپزشکی با میانگین کل و انحراف معیار 61/3 ±50/85 نسبت به سایر دانشکده‌ها برتری دارد. دانشکده‌ی پیراپزشکی در حیطه‌ی مقرراتی با میانگین و انحراف معیار 89/3±01/91، دانشکده‌ی پزشکی در حیطه‌ی نگرشی با میانگین و انحراف معیار 45/5±48/90 و دانشکده‌ی پرستاری مامایی در حیطه‌ی مقرراتی با میانگین و انحراف معیار 25/4±34/88 بیشترین امتیاز را داشتند. نتیجه‌نهایی نشان می‌دهد، حیطه‌ی علمی و آموزشی نسبت به سایر حیطه‌ها در سطح پایین‌تر می‌باشد. نتایج حیطه‌ها (علمی و آموزشی، نظارتی و نگرشی) بین دانشکده‌ها معنی‌دار می‌باشد (0001/0=P). نتیجه‌گیری: به نظر می‌رسد با برنامه‌ریزی جهت برگزاری کارگاه‌های آموزشی، روش تدریس و تحقیق جهت ارتقای آموزش استادان، اعطا‌ی فرصت مطالعاتی و تشویق انجام کارهای تحقیقاتی و پژوهشی گام مؤثری جهت ارتقای سطح علمی و بالاخره عملکرد بالای استادان خواهد بود

The LAMOST Survey of Background Quasars in the Vicinity of the Andromeda and Triangulum Galaxies -- II. Results from the Commissioning Observations and the Pilot Surveys

We present new quasars discovered in the vicinity of the Andromeda and Triangulum galaxies with the LAMOST during the 2010 and 2011 observational seasons. Quasar candidates are selected based on the available SDSS, KPNO 4 m telescope, XSTPS optical, and WISE near infrared photometric data. We present 509 new quasars discovered in a stripe of ~135 sq. deg from M31 to M33 along the Giant Stellar Stream in the 2011 pilot survey datasets, and also 17 new quasars discovered in an area of ~100 sq. deg that covers the central region and the southeastern halo of M31 in the 2010 commissioning datasets. These 526 new quasars have i magnitudes ranging from 15.5 to 20.0, redshifts from 0.1 to 3.2. They represent a significant increase of the number of identified quasars in the vicinity of M31 and M33. There are now 26, 62 and 139 known quasars in this region of the sky with i magnitudes brighter than 17.0, 17.5 and 18.0 respectively, of which 5, 20 and 75 are newly-discovered. These bright quasars provide an invaluable collection with which to probe the kinematics and chemistry of the ISM/IGM in the Local Group of galaxies. A total of 93 quasars are now known with locations within 2.5 deg of M31, of which 73 are newly discovered. Tens of quasars are now known to be located behind the Giant Stellar Stream, and hundreds behind the extended halo and its associated substructures of M31. The much enlarged sample of known quasars in the vicinity of M31 and M33 can potentially be utilized to construct a perfect astrometric reference frame to measure the minute PMs of M31 and M33, along with the PMs of substructures associated with the Local Group of galaxies. Those PMs are some of the most fundamental properties of the Local Group.Comment: 26 pages, 6 figures, AJ accepte

Combination of D-dimer level and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio predicts long-term clinical outcomes in acute coronary syndrome after percutaneous coronary intervention

Background: High D-dimer (DD) is associated with short-term adverse outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). In ACS patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), however, the value of DD (or combined with neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio [NLR]) to predict long-term major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) has not been fully evaluated. Methods: Patients diagnosed with ACS and receiving PCI were included. The primary outcome was MACEs. Cox proportional hazards regression and logistic regression was used to illustrate the relationship between clinical risk factors, biomarkers and MACEs. Survival models were developed based on significant factors and evaluated by the Concordance-index (C-index). Results: The final study cohort was comprised of 650 patients (median age, 64 years; 474 males), including 98 (15%) with MACEs during a median follow-up period of 40 months. According to the cut-off value of DD and NLR, the patients were separated into four groups: high DD or nonhigh DD with high or nonhigh NLR. After adjusting for confounding variables, DD (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 2.39, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.52–3.76) and NLR (aHR: 2.71, 95% CI: 1.78–4.11) were independently associated with long-term MACEs. Moreover, patients with both high DD and NLR had a significantly higher risk in MACEs when considering patients with nonhigh DD and NLR as reference (aHR: 6.19, 95% CI: 3.30–11.61). The area under curve (AUC) increased and reached 0.70 in differentiating long-term MACEs when DD and NLR were combined, and survival models incorporating the two exhibited a stronger predictive power (C-index: 0.75). Conclusions: D-dimer (or combined with NLR) can be used to predict long-term MACEs in ACS patients undergoing PCI