Security Analysis of Liu-Zhang-Deng Digital Signature Scheme

AbstractIn 2010, Liu et al. 1 proposed an improvement of Liu-Li digital signature scheme without one-way hash function and messageredundancy. In this paper, we demonstrate that Liu et al.’s scheme exist ℓ-wDH problem. Using Baby-Step Giant Step, we cancompute (mod p − 1) in o polynomial time, it is therefore insecure and can not against forgery attack

Estimating the Φ(n) of Upper/Lower Bound in its RSA Cryptosystem

The RSA-768 (270 decimal digits) was factored by Kleinjung et al. on December 12 2009, and the RSA-704 (212 decimal digits) was factored by Bai et al. on July 2, 2012. And the RSA-200 (663 bits) was factored by Bahr et al. on May 9, 2005. Until right now, there is no body successful to break the RSA-210 (696 bits) currently. In this paper, we would discuss an estimation method to approach lower/upper bound of Φ(n) in the RSA parameters. Our contribution may help researchers lock the Φ(n) and the challenge RSA shortly

A Novel Mathematical Formal Proof in Unreliability Protocol with XOR in Two\u27s Complement System

Exclusive OR (XOR), a common Boolean logical operation, is an operation on two factors where the result is true if and only if one operand is true and the other is false. A simple way to state this is ``one or the other, but not both\u27\u27. Using this logical operation, a text string can be encrypted by applying the XOR operator to every character using a ``key\u27\u27. If you want to decrypt the output, simply reapply the key and the resulting output will be the original message

The Dilemma and Prospects of Academic Misconduct in Digital Forensics--A Case Study to Wan\u27s Improved Scheme

In 2019, Wan, Liao, Yan and Tsai proposed an article ``Discrete Sliding Mode Control for Chaos Synchronization and Its Application to an Improved ElGamal Cryptosystem\u27\u27. However, Wan et al. just renamed the variable names without modified the core algorithm. Their paper passed review phase and then published. For this case, it is difficult to detect this situation by computer/digital forensics techniques. In this paper the authors would like to point out this dilemmas

Comment on Enhanced DNA and ElGamal cryptosystem for secure data storage and retrieval in cloud

Thangavel and Varalakshmi proposed an enhanced DNA and ElGamal cryptosystem for secure data storage and retrieval in cloud. They modified ElGamal algorithm which it calls enhanced ElGamal cryptosystem. We prove that their enhanced ElGamal scheme, which does not require two random numbers by data owner. Although the attacker is unable to find out what message the data owner gave to the data user. However, the attackers can still confuse the issue of sending messages to data users. On the other hand, this scheme can not against insider attack, therefore it is insecure

Innovative Strategies to Fuel Organic Food Business Growth: A Qualitative Research.

This study aimed to identify the factors affecting consumer behavior and customer loyalty toward organic food. Whether consumers seek organic food for a healthy body or more as food for thought continues to be debated. However, since consumers' purchase habits are based on their honest life experiences, which shape the building of a brand, this study reviewed the extant literature to understand the factors influencing the purchasing behavior for organic food. The follow-up problems highlighted in the research are related to organic business marketing strategy. Based on our methodology, we conducted semi-structured interviews to gain themes for qualitative research. The study found that availability, variety, and taste were the top three factors affecting consumers' purchase decisions; surprisingly, neither price nor health-consciousness was the first concern. Using market-led innovation as an innovative lens to understand customer loyalty, this research highlights sustainable and advantageous business practices in the organic food market to enrich the literature on organic food purchasing behavior from multiple stakeholders

Ecological risk assessment of fifty pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in Chinese surface waters: a proposed multiple-level system

Interest in the risks posed by trace concentrations of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in surface waters is increasing, particularly with regard to potential effects of long-term, low-dose exposures of aquatic organisms. In most cases, the actual studies on PPCPs were risk assessments at screening-level, and accurate estimates were scarce. In this study, exposure and ecotoxicity data of 50 PPCPs were collected based on our previous studies, and a multiple-level environmental risk assessment was performed. The 50 selected PPCPs are likely to be frequently detected in surface waters of China, with concentrations ranging from the ng L−1 to the low-g L−1, and the risk quotients based on median concentrations ranged from 2046 for nonylphenol to 0 for phantolide. A semi-probabilistic approach screened 33 PPCPs that posed potential risks to aquatic organisms, among which 15 chemicals (nonylphenol, sulfamethoxazole, di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, 17β-ethynyl estradiol, caffeine, tetracycline, 17β-estradiol, estrone, dibutyl phthalate, ibuprofen, carbamazepine, tonalide, galaxolide, triclosan, and bisphenol A) were categorized as priority compounds according to an optimized risk assessment, and then the refined probabilistic risk assessment indicated 12 of them posed low to high risk to aquatic ecosystem, with the maximum risk products ranged from 1.54% to 17.38%. Based on these results, we propose that the optimized risk assessment was appropriate for screening priority contaminants at national scale, and when a more accurate estimation is required, the refined probability risk assessment is useful. The methodology and process might provide reference for other research of chemical evaluation and management for rivers, lakes, and sea waters