A saúde dos trabalhadores em O Capital

The objective of this theoretical study is to understand the debate on the issue of workers’ health in Karl Marx’s work. The text selected for immanent analysis consists of Capital, specifically chapters VIII, XIII and XXIII. Marx approached the issue of workers’ health from the observation of capital’s inherent need to extract more labor, reflected in wear and tear, illness, and death. Marx evidenced the occurrence of these processes, not only focusing on the production process, but also on the development of the capitalist production/reproduction mode. It is noteworthy, however, that the study of Marx’s work alone is insufficient to understand contemporary relations; however, without his study it is practically impossible to advance in the understanding of the capitalist mode of production, in its critique, and especially in its transformation. Therefore, understanding the issue of workers’ health today also involves the study of Marx’s work.  El objetivo de este estudio teórico es comprender el debate sobre la salud de los trabajadores en la obra de Karl Marx. El texto que se toma para el análisis inmanente es El Capital, concretamente los capítulos VIII, XIII y XXIII. Marx abordó la salud de los trabajadores a partir de la observación de la necesidad inherente del capital de extraer más trabajo, reflectida en el desgaste, la enfermedad y la muerte. Marx evidenció la ocurrencia de estos procesos, no sólo centrándose en el proceso de producción, sino también en el desarrollo del modo de producción/reproducción capitalista. Sin embargo, el estudio sólo de la obra marxiana es insuficiente para comprender las relaciones contemporáneas, pero, sin su estudio es prácticamente imposible avanzar en la comprensión del capitalismo, en su crítica y transformación. Entender la salud de los trabajadores hoy en día también implica el estudio de la obra de Marx. O objetivo deste estudo teórico reside em apreender o debate sobre a questão da saúde dos trabalhadores na obra de Karl Marx. O texto tomado para análise do tipo imanente consiste em O Capital, capítulos VIII, XIII e XXIII. Marx abordou a questão da saúde dos trabalhadores a partir da constatação da necessidade inerente ao capital de extrair mais-trabalho, refletida em desgaste, adoecimento e morte. Marx evidenciou a ocorrência destes processos, não se atendo apenas ao processo de produção, mas ao desenvolvimento do modo de produção/reprodução capitalista. Ressalta-se que apenas o estudo da obra marxiana se faz insuficiente para a compreensão das relações contemporâneas; contudo, sem seu estudo, é praticamente impossível avançar no entendimento do modo de produção capitalista, na sua crítica e, sobretudo, na sua transformação. Portanto, compreender a questão da saúde dos trabalhadores atualmente perpassa também pelo estudo da obra de Marx.

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt

Production process and health in rural settlements of Pernambuco forest zone

Submitted by Kamylla Nascimento ([email protected]) on 2018-12-05T13:49:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2018Lira-pvra.pdf: 2760534 bytes, checksum: 08fe0731c83d69baa732f0ab4869deb8 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Kamylla Nascimento ([email protected]) on 2018-12-05T14:00:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2018Lira-pvra.pdf: 2760534 bytes, checksum: 08fe0731c83d69baa732f0ab4869deb8 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-05T14:00:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2018Lira-pvra.pdf: 2760534 bytes, checksum: 08fe0731c83d69baa732f0ab4869deb8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Aggeu Magalhães. Recife, PE, Brasil.O Arranjo Produtivo Local (APL) de confecções do Agreste de Pernambuco é exemplo das mudanças contemporâneas no mundo do trabalho. Nele destaca-se as altas taxas de informalidade. A compreensão destas mudanças é essencial para o entendimento da determinação social da saúde. Este estudo teve por objetivo analisar o processo de determinação social da saúde dos trabalhadores/as de facções do APL de confecções do Agreste. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida por meio de uma perspectiva que considera a totalidade e historicidade das relações sociais e sua articulação com os processos sociais particulares. Foram aplicados questionários e realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas. Na análise foi utilizado o método dialético, a partir das categorias superexploração da força de trabalho e determinação social da saúde como centrais. Foram identificadas as formas de expressão da superexploração da força de trabalho, seja na violação do fundo de consumo dos trabalhadores, como também na violação de seu fundo de vida. As formas de superexploração potencializam as cargas de trabalho e o desgaste precoce da força de trabalho. Os principais indícios foram de alterações musculoesqueléticas, circulatórias, na saúde mental e na saúde auditiva. A superexploração é condição estruturante das relações do APL de confecções, sua superação é necessariamente a superação do capital.The Local Productive Arrangement (LPA) of Pernambuco Agreste clothing pole is an example of contemporary changes in the labor world. It highlights the high rates of informality. Comprehend these changes is essential to understand the social determination of health. The objective of this study was to analyze the process of social determination of the health on workers of factions of the LPA of Agreste clothing pole. The research was developed through a perspective that considers the totality and historicity of social relations and their articulation with particular social processes. Questionnaires were applied and semi-structured interviews were carried out. In the analysis was used the dialectical method from the categories overexploitation of the work force and social determination of health as central. The forms of expression of the overexploitation of the labor force were identified, either in violation of the workers' consumption fund, or in the violation of their fund of life. The forms of overexploitation enhance workloads and early workforce wear. The main indications were musculoskeletal disorders, circulatory changes, mental health diseases and hearing health. Overexploitation is a structuring condition of the relations of the LPA of clothing pole, its overcoming is necessarily the overcoming of capital

TRABALHO E ESTRANHAMENTO: A DETERMINAÇÃO SOCIAL DA SAÚDE EM ASSENTAMENTOS

Resumo Conhecer como se organiza o processo de trabalho em qualquer atividade produtiva é essencial para entender os impactos na saúde dos trabalhadores. Esse conhecimento inclui a forma de organização da sociedade, que pode influir no desenvolvimento do ser, como também contribuir para seu estranhamento/alienação. No estudo buscou-se compreender como se organiza o processo de trabalho do campesinato em dois assentamentos influenciados por lógicas distintas – a do agronegócio e a da agroecologia – e, a partir dessa relação, como ocorre o estranhamento do trabalho e seus impactos na saúde dos assentados. Tratou-se de um estudo de casos múltiplos, baseado em abordagem qualitativa, com a utilização de entrevistas semiestruturadas e grupos focais. O estudo foi realizado entre os meses de janeiro e maio de 2016, em dois assentamentos da Região Metropolitana do Recife. O processamento e a análise dos dados seguiram uma perspectiva que considera a totalidade e a historicidade das relações sociais e sua articulação com os processos sociais particulares. Os resultados revelaram que a condição de estranhamento (e combate a este) ocorre de diferentes formas nos dois assentamentos. Quando influenciado pelo agronegócio, apresenta-se em uma produção especializada, quase exclusiva de mercadorias e com uso intensivo de agrotóxicos. Já em relação à influência da agroecologia, apresenta uma produção diversificada, abolindo o uso de agrotóxicos e com menor intensidade no trabalho

Seminário de Dissertação (2024)

Página da disciplina de Seminário de Dissertação (MPPP, UFPE, 2022) Lista de participantes == https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1mrULe1y04yPxHUBaF50jhaM1OY8QYJ3zva4N4yvm198/edit#gid=

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.13Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt