The Legacy of Geopolitics

In fact, we in America began to use the term ourselves and even now continue to use it to a considerable extent. It is of interest, therefore, to consider what, of all this business of geopolitics that was so ballyhooed by the Germans before and during World War II, remains to us today as something really valid that we, too, can properly use in carrying out our national strategy

Behavioral Function of the Components and the Blend of the Sex Pheromone of the Cabbage Looper, Trichoplusia ni

Individual male cabbage looper moths, Trichoplusia ni, were tested in a sustained-flight tunnel to the sex pheromone, a 93:7 blend of (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate and dodecyl acetate. Two experimental procedures were used to investigate the interaction of the two components in the upwind flight response of males. In the first test, chemical components were selectively removed from the moths' flight path at two distances from the source, corresponding to areas of the tunnel in which the blend was or was not active in increasing the number of upwind flights. In the second test, males were offered a choice between plumes, in their normal flight path, which contained different components. Results of both tests showed that males were unresponsive to dodecyl acetate alone at all phases of the flight response, responses to the blend were dependent on the two components being mixed in the same plume, and response to the blend altered the males subsequent flight response to Z7-12:Ac alon

Betingelser for kunnskapsdeling : en studie av Veidekke

Kunnskapsdeling er i dag en viktig suksess- og konkurransefaktor for bedrifter. Denne utredningen fokuserer på betingelser for kunnskapsdeling, et område som hittil har fått lite oppmerksomhet forskningsmessig. Utredningen undersøker og sammenligner forholdene i to divisjoner i Veidekke, Entreprenør og Industri, med hensyn på perspektiver på kunnskapsdeling og kunnskapsdeling i praksis. Det teoretiske utgangspunktet omhandler sosial kapital og arbeidets art. Studien fokuserer ikke på insentivteori. Vi har funnet at det er et mer negativt syn på kunnskapsdeling i industridivisjonen og at det også er mindre kunnskapsdeling i denne divisjonen sammenlignet med entreprenørdivisjonen. Sosial kapital og arbeidets art er forhold som kan forklare denne forskjellen og som derav er av betydning for kunnskapsdeling. I tillegg fant vi at ledelse er et viktig forhold

The Role of Student Debt and Debt Anxiety in College Student Financial Well-Being

This study examined predictors of three measures of financial well-being in 354 college students. Results suggest that perceptions of debt are important in understanding financial well-being, but these perceptions need to be considered alongside of individual differences in anxiety, optimism, and parental teaching. Further, regression analyses highlighted differences between predictors of perceived financial well-being and more and less frequent money saving behaviors, which may indicate different paths for intervention. Specifically, students reporting engaging in less common financial strain behaviors appear to have more objective financial difficulties, whereas students reporting more common financial strain behaviors report more factors that suggest difficulty with money management skills and those with lower levels of perceived financial well-being report higher levels of worry. Mediational analyses further indicated a potential role for parental intervention to improve perceived financial well-being and decrease unhealthy responses to financial strain

Prevention of Glaucoma-Induced Retinal Ganglion Cell Loss Using Alpha7 nAChR Agonists

In this study, the neuroprotective effect of various nicotinic alpha7 acetylcholine receptor agonists in an in-vivo model of glaucoma using adult Long Evans rats was analyzed. Glaucoma-like conditions were induced in the eyes of Long Evans rats after injection of hypertonic saline into episcleral veins to create scar tissue and increase the animal’s intraocular pressure. This procedure produced significant loss of retinal ganglion cells within one month and was associated with an increase of intraocular pressure. Using this model system, various alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (a7 nAChR) agonists were applied at different doses as eye drops to the right eye of adult Long Evans rats while the left eye was left as an internal control. The a7 nAChR agonists used in this study prevented loss of RGCs in a dose dependent manner after the procedure to induce glaucoma-like conditions. PHA-543613 and PNU- 282987 provided the largest degree of RGC survival after inducing glaucomalike conditions, followed by nicotine, SEN 12333, tropisetron, 3-Bromocytisine and DMAB. To provide evidence that neuroprotection of RGCs was mediated through activation of a7 nAChR, in some studies different concentrations of the a7 nAChR antagonist, MLA, was intravitreally injected into experimentally treated eyes before initiation of eye drops and the procedure to induce glaucoma-like conditions. In the presence of MLA, RGC neuroprotection was blocked. Results from these studies suggest that selective a7 nAChR agonists may be used in future therapeutic treatments for glaucoma or other CNS diseases associated with a7 nAChRs

Stability of rotating states in a weakly-interacting Bose-Einstein condensate

We investigate the lowest state of a rotating, weakly-interacting Bose-Einstein condensate trapped in a harmonic confining potential that is driven by an infinitesimally asymmetric perturbation. Although in an axially-symmetric confining potential the gas has an axially-symmetric single-particle density distribution, we show that in the presence of the small asymmetric perturbation its lowest state is the one given by the mean-field approximation, which is a broken-symmetric state. We also estimate the rate of relaxation of angular momentum when the gas is no longer driven by the asymmetric perturbation and identify two regimes of "slow" and "fast" relaxation. States of certain symmetry are found to be more robust.Comment: 6 pages, RevTe

Toward a script theory of guidance in computer-supported collaborative learning

This article presents an outline of a script theory of guidance for computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL). With its four types of components of internal and external scripts (play, scene, role, and scriptlet) and seven principles, this theory addresses the question how CSCL practices are shaped by dynamically re-configured internal collaboration scripts of the participating learners. Furthermore, it explains how internal collaboration scripts develop through participation in CSCL practices. It emphasizes the importance of active application of subject matter knowledge in CSCL practices, and it prioritizes transactive over non-transactive forms of knowledge application in order to facilitate learning. Further, the theory explains how external collaboration scripts modify CSCL practices and how they influence the development of internal collaboration scripts. The principles specify an optimal scaffolding level for external collaboration scripts and allow for the formulation of hypotheses about the fading of external collaboration scripts. Finally, the article points towards conceptual challenges and future research questions

Influence of ocean warming and acidification on trace metal biogeochemistry

Rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations will have profound effects on atmospheric and hydrographic processes, which will ultimately modify the supply and chemistry of trace metals in the ocean. In addition to an increase in sea surface temperatures, higher CO2 also results in a decrease of seawater pH, known as ocean acidification, with implications for inorganic trace metal chemistry. Furthermore, direct or indirect effects of ocean acidification and ocean warming on marine biota will also affect trace metal biogeochemistry via alteration of biological trace metal uptake rates and metal binding to organic ligands. Currently, we still lack a holistic understanding of the impacts of decreasing seawater pH and rinsing temperatures on different trace metals and marine biota, which complicates projections into the future. Here, we outline how ocean acidification and ocean warming will influence the inputs and cycling of Fe and other biologically relevant trace metals globally, and regionally in high and low latitudes of the future ocean, discuss uncertainties, and highlight essential future research fields