Idéologies et pratiques managériales:: du taylorisme à la précarisation subjective des salariés

Cet article développe l’idée que tout nouveau modèle capitaliste d’organisation du travail produit une rhétorique idéologique et morale destinée à légitimer une forme de mise au travail qui s’avère contradictoire à l’essence des démocraties politiques, à savoir que chaque individu s’appartient Ã  lui-même. Taylor et Ford ont fait de grands efforts pour convaincre l’opinion publique qu’il n’y avait pas de conflits d’intérêts entre les ouvriers et leurs patrons, tout en attaquant systématiquement leurs ressources dans le cadre d’un rapport de forces bien réel. Le management moderne français suit la même voie et cherche à séduire et convaincre les salariés tout en développant une stratégie de précarisation subjective fondée sur une politique de changement perpétuel pour les déstabiliser

Modernisation et précarisation de la vie au travail

En Francia, como en otros países europeos, los empleos precarios se han desarrollado intensamente. Contratos de duración determinada, períodos de interinidad, trabajo a tiempo parcial, trabajo estacional constituyen el destino de una parte no despreciable de la población activa; una gran parte de los asalariados los sufren y no solicitan de hecho que trabajar más y de manera más regular. Es un fenómeno suficientemente conocido para no ser desarrollado aquí, a pesar de que exista un debate entre quienes pretenden que la precariedad puede ser dominada, incluso apreciada y vivida como un contratiempo menor, y quienes insisten sobre las inmensas dificultades entre las que los asalariados deben debatirse en razón de dicha precariedad

Entrevista com Danièle Linhart: a instituição da expropriação

Entrevista concedida a Laurent Aucher e Frédérique Barnier em 22 de maio de 2015 para a revista La vie de idées3 , traduzida por Eduardo Alessandro Kawamura, Juliana Andrade Oliveira, Luciano Pereira e Selma Borghi Venco. Com a revisão de Marilane Carneiro Di Mario. Socióloga, Danièle Linhart é diretora emérita de pesquisa no Centro Nacional de Pesquisa Científica (Centre national de la recherche scientifique, CNRS), membro do laboratório Grupo de Pesquisa Gênero, Trabalho e Mobilidade do Centro de Pesquisas Sociológicas e Políticas de Paris (GTMCRESPPA) da Unidade Mista de Pesquisa (UMR) do CNRS e das Universidades de Paris 8 e Paris 10. Do taylorismo ao gerenciamento moderno, os modelos de organização do trabalho sempre buscaram, segundo Danièle Linhart, desapropriar os assalariados de seus saberes profissionais. Essa expropriação no trabalho é hoje também subjetiva, o que a torna muito difícil de ser combatid

Liberalisation, surveillance and suicide at La Poste

This article examines how the contradictory dynamics of freedom and control that characterise neoliberal capitalism are played out on lived experiences of work in the context of the newly liberalised and restructured French postal services (La Poste). At La Poste, liberalisation was framed as a great emancipatory project that would reinvigorate a moribund state-owned company, remove regulatory constraints, deepen economic freedoms and strip away deadening bureaucracy. Yet, whilst liberalisation freed La Poste of regulatory controls, it was accompanied by an intensified surveillance and control of everyday working life. The new control measures were not limited to external working practices and structures, but sought to capture the individual worker’s personality, communication and values and harness them towards the company’s redefined commercial goals. Drawing on critical scholarship on neoliberal capitalism and labour, the article shows that when capitalist rationality extends beyond working activity and encroaches on complex, intimate and vulnerable dimensions of the person, this can have dangerous human consequences. At La Poste, liberalisation triggered a profound crisis across the company, transforming it into an ‘entreprise en souffrance’ characterised by escalating levels of psychological distress, chronic stress and a series of employee suicides

Les ambiguïtés de la modernisation. Le cas du juste-à-temps

The modernization of firms frequently involves the introduction of just-in-time production, considered as an efficient means to reduce costs and manage work and workers. But this organizational reform usually takes place within a framework of contradictory managerial strategies. Workers are given additional responsibilities without significant autonomy. The objective is to involve them in a system which remains prescriptive and based on a Taylorian logic. The authors draw upon a monograph on small and medium-sized enterprises to analyse the impact of this complex evolution, both on workers and on the overall performance of firms.The modernization of firms frequently involves the introduction of just-in-time production, considered as an efficient means to reduce costs and manage work and workers. But this organizational reform usually takes place within a framework of contradictory managerial strategies. Workers are given additional responsibilities without significant autonomy. The objective is to involve them in a system which remains prescriptive and based on a Taylorian logic. The authors draw upon a monograph on small and medium-sized enterprises to analyse the impact of this complex evolution, both on workers and on the overall performance of firms.Linhart Danièle, Linhart Robert. Les ambiguïtés de la modernisation. Le cas du juste-à-temps. In: Réseaux, volume 13, n°69, 1995. Entreprise et lien social. pp. 45-69

Modernizaçao e precaizaçao da vida de trabalho

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