Tid, makt og medvirkning i planprosesser - en case-studie fra jernbaneutviklingen i Moss

Denne oppgaven er en case-studie av en over 25 år lang planprosess knyttet til jernbaneutvik-ling i Moss. Studiet prøver å identifisere hva slags utfordringer knyttet til tid, makt og medvirkning som oppstår i en så lang planprosess. Jeg har valgt å bruke dokumentanalyse og intervjuer som primære metoder for produksjon av data. Studiet forsøker å undersøke hvilke valg som har blitt institusjonalisert i planprosessen i Moss, og hvordan dette har påvirket planprosessen. Videre forsøker studiet å identifisere hvilke aktører som har påvirket planprosessen i Moss på ulike tidsrom. I tillegg drøfter oppgaven resultatene i en planfaglig kontekst og setter de inn i en planfaglig diskusjon rundt teoretiske fenomener som stiavhengighet, samstyring, makt og medvirkning. Studiet forsøker også å bidra til diskusjonen om hvordan nyliberal utvikling gjennom moderne samstyringsstrukturer påvirker maktforhold og medvirkning innenfor dagens planleggingsparadigme. Hva slags utfordringer medfører tid for makt og medvirkning i norske planprosesser? Hvordan forholder vi oss til tid og endrede premisser i planlegging, og hvilke utfordringer kan oppstå når en planprosess strekker ut i tid? Dette case-studiet, av den over 25 år lange planprosessen for jernbaneutvikling viser et eksempel på hvordan beslutninger tidlig i slike prosjekter kan være sentrale for prosessens videre utvikling, da det er her avgjørende valg for utforming ofte blir tatt. Case-studiet viser også til hvordan tid gradvis institusjonaliserer de kritiske veivalgene, noe som medfører utfordringer for makt og medvirkning. I tillegg viser oppgaven et eksempel på hvordan den moderne samstyringsstrukturen medfører høyere grad av forhandlinger og avtaler mellom ulike nettverksaktører. Studiet viser også et eksempel på at forhandlinger og avtaler mellom ulike aktører i nettverkssamarbeidet kan forsterke graden av lock-in utover i en planleggingsprosess. Oppgaven viser dermed hvordan tid og samstyring kan føre til noen utfordringer knyttet til stiavhengighet, maktfordeling og medvirkning i norsk planlegging.Masteroppgave i geografiGEO350MASV-MEHAMPGEOGRMASV-GEOGMASV-PHY

Graphene oxide and adsorption of chloroform: A density functional study

Chlorinated hydrocarbon compounds are of environmental concerns, since they are toxic to humans and other mammals, and are widespread, and exposure is hard to avoid. Understanding and improving methods to reduce the amount of the substances are important. We present an atomic-scale calculational study of the adsorption of chlorine-based substance chloroform (CHCl3) on graphene oxide, as a step in estimating the capacity of graphene oxide for filtering out such substances, e.g., from drinking water. The calculations are based on density functional theory, and the recently developed consistent-exchange functional for the van der Waals density-functional method is employed. We obtain values of the chloroform adsorption energy varying from roughly 0.2 to 0.4 eV per molecule. This is comparable to previously found results for chloroform adsorbed directly on clean graphene, using similar calculations. In a wet environment, like filters for drinking water, the graphene will not stay clean and will likely oxidize, and thus adsorption onto graphene oxide, rather than clean graphene, is a more relevant process to study

Stochastic load profile generator for residential EV charging

Electric vehicle (EV) charging loads have an impact on the power grid, but also represent a potential for energy flexibility. There is a need for EV data to evaluate effects on the power grid and optimal EV charging strategies. A stochastic bottom-up model is developed for residential EV charging, taking outdoor temperatures into account. The model input is based on real-world data from residential charging in Norway. The load profile generator provides hourly load profiles for any number and combination of small and large EVs, assuming immediate charging after plug-in. It is found that the model generates realistic load profiles for residential EV charging, reflecting today’s charging patterns. Data generated can be used for load and flexibility simulations for residential EV charging.publishedVersio

A novel familial mutation in the PCSK1 gene that alters the oxyanion hole residue of proprotein convertase 1/3 and impairs its enzymatic activity.

Four siblings presented with congenital diarrhea and various endocrinopathies. Exome sequencing and homozygosity mapping identified five regions, comprising 337 protein-coding genes that were shared by three affected siblings. Exome sequencing identified a novel homozygous N309K mutation in the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1 (PCSK1) gene, encoding the neuroendocrine convertase 1 precursor (PC1/3) which was recently reported as a cause of Congenital Diarrhea Disorder (CDD). The PCSK1 mutation affected the oxyanion hole transition state-stabilizing amino acid within the active site, which is critical for appropriate proprotein maturation and enzyme activity. Unexpectedly, the N309K mutant protein exhibited normal, though slowed, prodomain removal and was secreted from both HEK293 and Neuro2A cells. However, the secreted enzyme showed no catalytic activity, and was not processed into the 66 kDa form. We conclude that the N309K enzyme is able to cleave its own propeptide but is catalytically inert against in trans substrates, and that this variant accounts for the enteric and systemic endocrinopathies seen in this large consanguineous kindred

Integrating Thermal-Electric Flexibility in Smart Buildings using Grey-Box modelling in a MILP tool

In a smart grid setting, building managers are encouraged to adapt their energy operations to real-time market and weather conditions. However, most literature assume stationary temperature set points for heating and cooling. In this work, we propose a grey-box model to investigate how the energy flexibility of the thermal mass of the building may impact its energy flexibility potential as well as the investment decisions of the energy system within a building, by using an already developed investment decision tool, BUILDing’s OPTimal operation and energy design model (BUILDopt) (Lindberg et al. (2016)). As BUILDopt is a Mixed Integer Programming (MIP/MILP) tool, the flexibility models must be linear as well. We evaluate the energy flexibility potential, here called comfort flexibility, for use cases reflecting different heating systems (electric panel ovens vs. ground source heat pump) and operation (flexible vs. non-flexible). The case study of an Office building is performed, which considers electric specific demand, domestic hot water demand and space heating demand. Real historical data for weather and energy prices from Oslo are used, including grid tariffs related energy and monthly peak power. Most of the savings are obtained through peak load reduction, which can reach up to 13-16%. These and the savings from shifting demand away from peak prices lead to total savings of around 2%. Yet, these actions do not require additional investment in heat supply or storage components, nor in building renovations: only system measurement and control components are needed.publishedVersio

Failure : Perspectives and prospects in marketing and consumption theory

Author's accepted version (postprint).This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Sage in Marketing Theory on 11/02/2021.Available online: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1470593121992539Failure is ubiquitous in popular and consumer culture. In this commentary, we interrogate discourses around failure and outline potential avenues of inquiry for the marketing and consumption theory disciplines. We begin by synthesizing how failure has hitherto been conceptualized in marketing theory. Then, we discuss how recent rethinking of failure in other disciplines can be meaningful for marketing thought, and propose a new agenda for marketing scholars for studying failure, that moves beyond studying failure as a primarily destructive phenomenon that arises predominantly in service encounters.acceptedVersio

Data Package of Samples Collected for Hydrogeologic and Geochemical Characterization: 300 Area RI/FS Sediment Cores

This is a data package for sediment samples received from the 300 FF 5 OU. This report was prepared for CHPRC. Between August 16, 2010 and April 25, 2011 sediment samples were received from 300-FF-5 for geochemical studies. The analyses for this project were performed at the 331 building located in the 300 Area of the Hanford Site. The analyses were performed according to Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) approved procedures and/or nationally recognized test procedures. The data sets include the sample identification numbers, analytical results, estimated quantification limits (EQL), and quality control data. The preparatory and analytical quality control requirements, calibration requirements, acceptance criteria, and failure actions are defined in the on-line QA plan 'Conducting Analytical Work in Support of Regulatory Programs' (CAW). This QA plan implements the Hanford Analytical Services Quality Assurance Requirements Documents (HASQARD) for PNNL

A Genome-Wide Pharmacogenetic Study of Growth Hormone Responsiveness

Individual patients vary in their response to growth hormone (GH). No large-scale genome-wide studies have looked for genetic predictors of GH responsiveness. To identify genetic variants associated with GH responsiveness. Genome-wide association study (GWAS). Cohorts from multiple academic centers and a clinical trial. A total of 614 individuals from 5 short stature cohorts receiving GH: 297 with idiopathic short stature, 276 with isolated GH deficiency, and 65 born small for gestational age. Association of more than 2 million variants was tested. Primary analysis: individual single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) association with first-year change in height standard deviation scores. Secondary analyses: SNP associations in clinical subgroups adjusted for clinical variables; association of polygenic score calculated from 697 genome-wide significant height SNPs with GH responsiveness. No common variant associations reached genome-wide significance in the primary analysis. The strongest suggestive signals were found near the B4GALT4 and TBCE genes. After meta-analysis including replication data, signals at several loci reached or retained genome-wide significance in secondary analyses, including variants near ST3GAL6. There was no significant association with variants previously reported to be associated with GH response nor with a polygenic predicted height score. We performed the largest GWAS of GH responsiveness to date. We identified 2 loci with a suggestive effect on GH responsiveness in our primary analysis and several genome-wide significant associations in secondary analyses that require further replication. Our results are consistent with a polygenic component to GH responsiveness, likely distinct from the genetic regulators of adult height

Light-level geolocators reveal spatial variations in interactions between northern fulmars and fisheries

Seabird−fishery interactions are a common phenomenon of conservation concern. Here, we highlight how light-level geolocators provide promising opportunities to study these interactions. By examining raw light data, it is possible to detect encounters with artificial lights atnight, while conductivity data give insight on seabird behaviour during encounters. We used geolocator data from 336 northern fulmars Fulmarus glacialis tracked from 12 colonies in the North-East Atlantic and Barents Sea during the non-breeding season to (1) confirm that detections of artificial lights correspond to encounters with fishing vessels by comparing overlap between fishing effort and both the position of detections and the activity of birds during encounters, (2) assess spatial differences in the number of encounters among wintering areas and (3) test whethersome individuals forage around fishing vessels more often than others. Most (88.1%) of the track encountered artificial light at least once, with 9.5 ± 0.4 (SE) detections on average per 6 mo nonbreeding season. Encounters occurred more frequently where fishing effort was high, and birds from some colonies had higher probabilities of encountering lights at night. During encounters, fulmars spent more time foraging and less time resting, strongly suggesting that artificial lights reflect the activity of birds around fishing vessels. Inter-individual variability in the probability of encountering light was high (range: 0−68 encounters per 6 mo non-breeding season), meaning that some individuals were more often associated with fishing vessels than others, independently of their colony of origin. Our study highlights the potential of geolocators to study seabird−fisheryinteractions at a large scale and a low cost.publishedVersio

Uranium in Hanford Site 300 Area: Extraction Data on Borehole Sediments

In this study, sediments collected from boreholes drilled in 2010 and 2011 as part of a remedial investigation/feasibility study were characterized. The wells, located within or around two process ponds and one process trench waste site, were characterized in terms of total uranium concentration, mobile fraction of uranium, particle size, and moisture content along the borehole depth. In general, the gravel-dominated sediments of the vadose zone Hanford formation in all investigated boreholes had low moisture contents. Based on total uranium content, a total of 48 vadose zone and periodically rewetted zone sediment samples were selected for more detailed characterization, including measuring the concentration of uranium extracted with 8 M nitric acid, and leached using bicarbonate mixed solutions to determine the liable uranium (U(VI)) contents. In addition, water extraction was conducted on 17 selected sediments. Results from the sediment acid and bicarbonate extractions indicated the total concentrations of anthropogenic labile uranium in the sediments varied among the investigated boreholes. The peak uranium concentration (114.84 µg/g, acid extract) in <2-mm size fractions was found in borehole 399 1-55, which was drilled directly in the southwest corner of the North Process Pond. Lower uranium concentrations (~0.3–2.5 µg/g, acid extract) in <2-mm size fractions were found in boreholes 399-1-57, 399-1-58, and 399-1-59, which were drilled either near the Columbia River or inland and upgradient of any waste process ponds or trenches. A general trend of “total” uranium concentrations was observed that increased as the particle size decreased when relating the sediment particle size and acid extractable uranium concentrations in two selected sediment samples. The labile uranium bicarbonate leaching kinetic experiments on three selected sediments indicated a two-step leaching rate: an initial rapid release, followed by a slow continual release of uranium from the sediment. Based on the uranium leaching kinetic results, quasi equilibrium can be assumed after 1000-h batch reaction time in this study