La necesaria regulación de las técnicas de reproducción asistida heterólogas a fin de establecer la filiación en el ordenamiento jurídico peruano

La investigación tuvo como Objetivo General: “Determinar si resulta necesaria la regulación de las técnicas de reproducción asistida heterólogas, a fin de establecer la filiación en el ordenamiento jurídico peruano”. Su título fue: “La necesaria regulación de las técnicas de reproducción asistida heterólogas a fin de establecer la filiación en el ordenamiento jurídico peruano”. La investigación se realizó de julio del 2015 a abril del 2016, y tuvo como motivo el hecho de que las personas que desean tener hijos pero que no pueden tenerlos por circunstancias específicas, generalmente físicas o fisiológicas, puedan tener uno o más hijos, mediante la aplicación de las técnicas de reproducción asistida. Situación que exige una regulación adecuada, teniendo en cuenta las normas establecidas en la Constitución y en la Convención Americana de Derechos Humanos, así como los principios jurídicos de libertad personal y progresividad. Se consultó la doctrina, la normativa internacional, nacional y comparada, y la jurisprudencia sobre este tema, encontrando insuficiente regulación normativa que obliga a determinar la debida regulación para que se puedan cumplir adecuadamente las normas establecidas en la Constitución y Convención Americana de Derechos Humanos, situación que conlleva afirmar que la normatividad peruana respecto a la aplicación de las TERAS significa una injerencia arbitraria en los derechos reproductivos, a la libertad personal, a la vida privada, a formar una familia y a la igualdad, por lo que ha permitido contribuir con una propuesta de modificación legislativa

Vector-borne disease surveillance in livestock populations: A critical review of literature recommendations and implemented surveillance (BTV-8) in five European countries

Preparedness against vector-borne threats depends on the existence of a long-term, sustainable surveillance of vector-borne disease and their relevant vectors. This work reviewed the availability of such surveillance systems in five European countries (Denmark, France, The Netherlands, Sweden and United Kingdom, part of the CoVetLab network). A qualitative assessment was then performed focusing on surveillance directed particularly to BTV-8. Information regarding surveillance activities were reviewed for the years 2008 and 2012. The results were then complemented with a critical scoping review of the literature aimed at identifying disease surveillance strategies and methods that are currently suggested as best suited to target vector-borne diseases in order to guide future development of surveillance in the countries in question. Passive surveillance was found to be efficient for early detection of diseases during the early phase of introduction into a free country. However, its value diminished once the disease has been established in a territory. Detection of emerging diseases was found to be very context and area specific, and thus active surveillance designs need to take the available epidemiological, ecological and entomological information into account. This was demonstrated by the effectiveness of the bulk milk surveillance in detecting the first case in Sweden, highlighting the need for output based standards to allow the most effective, context dependent, surveillance strategies to be used. Preparedness was of fundamental importance in determining the timeliness of detection and control in each country and that this in turn was heavily influenced by knowledge of emerging diseases in neighboring countries. Therefore it is crucial to share information on outbreaks between researchers and decision-makers and across borders continuously in order to react timely in case of an outbreak. Furthermore, timely reaction to an outbreak was heavily influenced by availability of control measures (vaccines), which is also strengthened if knowledge is shared quickly between countries. The assessment of the bluetongue surveillance in the affected countries showed that the degree of voluntary engagement varied, and that it is important to engage the publicby general awareness and dissemination of results. The degree of engagement will also aid in establishing a passive surveillance system

Maloclusión y calidad de vida relacionada a salud bucal en adolescentes de 11-14 años de una institución educativa Talara 2023

El estudio tuvo como objetivo comparar la maloclusión y la calidad de vida relacionada a salud bucal en adolescentes de 11-14 años de una Institución Educativa de Talara. Esta investigación básica y transversal evaluó a 297 adolescentes mediante el Índice de estética dental (DAI) para determinar la severidad de maloclusión y el Cuestionario de Percepciones del Niño (CPQ 11-14) para determinar la calidad de vida relacionada a salud bucal (OHRQoL). No se encontró diferencias entre OHRQoL según DAI (p = 0.306). La gravedad de maloclusión fue: leve 48.1%, definida 26.9%, severa 14.5% y muy severa 10.4%. La puntuación del CPQ 11-14 fue 14.25 ± 9.494 y los puntajes para las dimensiones de síntomas orales, limitaciones funcionales, bienestar emocional y bienestar social fueron 4.71 ± 2.831, 3.82 ± 2.727, 3.55 ± 3.721 y 2.16 ± 3.032, respectivamente. Se evidenció una diferencia en bienestar emocional (p=0.006) siendo los adolescentes con maloclusión severa y muy severa aquellos con los puntajes más altos comparado con los de maloclusión leve. Se concluye que la OHRQoL no difiere según la gravedad de maloclusión en los adolescentes de 11-14 años. No obstante, la dimensión más afectada fue el bienestar emocional en aquellos con mayor gravedad de maloclusión

The RESOLVE Survey Atomic Gas Census and Environmental Influences on Galaxy Gas Reservoirs

We present the H i mass inventory for the REsolved Spectroscopy Of a Local VolumE (RESOLVE) survey, a volume-limited, multi-wavelength census of >1500 z = 0 galaxies spanning diverse environments and complete in baryonic mass down to dwarfs of ~109 ${M}_{\odot }$. This first 21 cm data release provides robust detections or strong upper limits (1.4M H i 1012 ${M}_{\odot }$) halos, suggesting that gas stripping and/or starvation may be induced by interactions with larger halos or the surrounding cosmic web. We find that the detailed relationship between G/S and environment varies when we examine different subvolumes of RESOLVE independently, which we suggest may be a signature of assembly bias

Guidance on the use of the Threshold of Toxicological Concern approach in food safety assessment

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Cross-cutting principles for planetary health education

Since the 2015 launch of the Rockefeller Foundation Lancet Commission on planetary health,1 an enormous groundswell of interest in planetary health education has emerged across many disciplines, institutions, and geographical regions. Advancing these global efforts in planetary health education will equip the next generation of scholars to address crucial questions in this emerging field and support the development of a community of practice. To provide a foundation for the growing interest and efforts in this field, the Planetary Health Alliance has facilitated the first attempt to create a set of principles for planetary health education that intersect education at all levels, across all scales, and in all regions of the world—ie, a set of cross-cutting principles

The GRAVITY+ Project: Towards All-sky, Faint-Science, High-Contrast Near-Infrared Interferometry at the VLTI

The GRAVITY instrument has been revolutionary for near-infrared interferometry by pushing sensitivity and precision to previously unknown limits. With the upgrade of GRAVITY and the Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI) in GRAVITY+, these limits will be pushed even further, with vastly improved sky coverage, as well as faint-science and high-contrast capabilities. This upgrade includes the implementation of wide-field off-axis fringe-tracking, new adaptive optics systems on all Unit Telescopes, and laser guide stars in an upgraded facility. GRAVITY+ will open up the sky to the measurement of black hole masses across cosmic time in hundreds of active galactic nuclei, use the faint stars in the Galactic centre to probe General Relativity, and enable the characterisation of dozens of young exoplanets to study their formation, bearing the promise of another scientific revolution to come at the VLTI.Comment: Published in the ESO Messenge

Burnout among surgeons before and during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: an international survey

Background: SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has had many significant impacts within the surgical realm, and surgeons have been obligated to reconsider almost every aspect of daily clinical practice. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study reported in compliance with the CHERRIES guidelines and conducted through an online platform from June 14th to July 15th, 2020. The primary outcome was the burden of burnout during the pandemic indicated by the validated Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure. Results: Nine hundred fifty-four surgeons completed the survey. The median length of practice was 10 years; 78.2% included were male with a median age of 37 years old, 39.5% were consultants, 68.9% were general surgeons, and 55.7% were affiliated with an academic institution. Overall, there was a significant increase in the mean burnout score during the pandemic; longer years of practice and older age were significantly associated with less burnout. There were significant reductions in the median number of outpatient visits, operated cases, on-call hours, emergency visits, and research work, so, 48.2% of respondents felt that the training resources were insufficient. The majority (81.3%) of respondents reported that their hospitals were included in the management of COVID-19, 66.5% felt their roles had been minimized; 41% were asked to assist in non-surgical medical practices, and 37.6% of respondents were included in COVID-19 management. Conclusions: There was a significant burnout among trainees. Almost all aspects of clinical and research activities were affected with a significant reduction in the volume of research, outpatient clinic visits, surgical procedures, on-call hours, and emergency cases hindering the training. Trial registration: The study was registered on clicaltrials.gov "NCT04433286" on 16/06/2020

The evolving SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Africa: Insights from rapidly expanding genomic surveillance

INTRODUCTION Investment in Africa over the past year with regard to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) sequencing has led to a massive increase in the number of sequences, which, to date, exceeds 100,000 sequences generated to track the pandemic on the continent. These sequences have profoundly affected how public health officials in Africa have navigated the COVID-19 pandemic. RATIONALE We demonstrate how the first 100,000 SARS-CoV-2 sequences from Africa have helped monitor the epidemic on the continent, how genomic surveillance expanded over the course of the pandemic, and how we adapted our sequencing methods to deal with an evolving virus. Finally, we also examine how viral lineages have spread across the continent in a phylogeographic framework to gain insights into the underlying temporal and spatial transmission dynamics for several variants of concern (VOCs). RESULTS Our results indicate that the number of countries in Africa that can sequence the virus within their own borders is growing and that this is coupled with a shorter turnaround time from the time of sampling to sequence submission. Ongoing evolution necessitated the continual updating of primer sets, and, as a result, eight primer sets were designed in tandem with viral evolution and used to ensure effective sequencing of the virus. The pandemic unfolded through multiple waves of infection that were each driven by distinct genetic lineages, with B.1-like ancestral strains associated with the first pandemic wave of infections in 2020. Successive waves on the continent were fueled by different VOCs, with Alpha and Beta cocirculating in distinct spatial patterns during the second wave and Delta and Omicron affecting the whole continent during the third and fourth waves, respectively. Phylogeographic reconstruction points toward distinct differences in viral importation and exportation patterns associated with the Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron variants and subvariants, when considering both Africa versus the rest of the world and viral dissemination within the continent. Our epidemiological and phylogenetic inferences therefore underscore the heterogeneous nature of the pandemic on the continent and highlight key insights and challenges, for instance, recognizing the limitations of low testing proportions. We also highlight the early warning capacity that genomic surveillance in Africa has had for the rest of the world with the detection of new lineages and variants, the most recent being the characterization of various Omicron subvariants. CONCLUSION Sustained investment for diagnostics and genomic surveillance in Africa is needed as the virus continues to evolve. This is important not only to help combat SARS-CoV-2 on the continent but also because it can be used as a platform to help address the many emerging and reemerging infectious disease threats in Africa. In particular, capacity building for local sequencing within countries or within the continent should be prioritized because this is generally associated with shorter turnaround times, providing the most benefit to local public health authorities tasked with pandemic response and mitigation and allowing for the fastest reaction to localized outbreaks. These investments are crucial for pandemic preparedness and response and will serve the health of the continent well into the 21st century