Text Categorization Model Based on Linear Support Vector Machine

Spam mails constitute a lot of nuisances in our electronic mail boxes, as they occupy huge spaces which could rather be used for storing relevant data. They also slow down network connection speed and make communication over a network slow. Attackers have often employed spam mails as a means of sending phishing mails to their targets in order to perpetrate data breach attacks and other forms of cybercrimes. Researchers have developed models using machine learning algorithms and other techniques to filter spam mails from relevant mails, however, some algorithms and classifiers are weak, not robust, and lack visualization models which would make the results interpretable by even non-tech savvy people. In this work, Linear Support Vector Machine (LSVM) was used to develop a text categorization model for email texts based on two categories: Ham and Spam. The processes involved were dataset import, preprocessing (removal of stop words, vectorization), feature selection (weighing and selection), development of classification model (splitting data into train (80%) and test sets (20%), importing classifier, training classifier), evaluation of model, deployment of model and spam filtering application on a server (Heroku) using Flask framework. The Agile methodology was adopted for the system design; the Python programming language was implemented for model development. HTML and CSS was used for the development of the web application. The results from the system testing showed that the system had an overall accuracy of 98.56%, recall: 96.5%, F1-score: 97% and F-beta score of 96.23%. This study therefore could be beneficial to e-mail users, to data analysts, and to researchers in the field of NLP

The Effect of Self-Reported Efficacy on Clinical Skill Performance

Context: Self-efficacy can enhance an individual\u27s perception of their ability to perform a challenging task. Objective: To determine whether repeated performance of a skill would improve students\u27 self-efficacy across a range of academic classifications. Design: Cohort study. Setting: Graduate and undergraduate professional athletic training education programs accredited by the Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education. Participants: Twenty-seven athletic training students (sophomores, n = 10; juniors, n = 10; graduate, n = 7). Intervention: We assessed participants within one day of performing a psychomotor clinical skill (PCS) of joint mobilizations or an upper quarter screen before (PCS1) and after (PCS2) a video intervention. The video that provided augmented feedback was viewed between PCS1 and PCS2. Main Outcome Measures: Outcome measures included self-efficacy scores from the Clinical Skill Performance Self-Efficacy Form assessed over five time points throughout the learning period, PCS performance scores pre- and post-intervention, and the correlation between these measures. Results: Following the intervention, PCS performance significantly improved in sophomores and juniors (Bonferonni post-hoc, P \u3c .001); graduate students performed at a similar high level on PCS1 and PCS2 (Bonferonni post-hoc, P = .72). Academic classification affected baseline self-efficacy with graduate students reporting higher self-efficacy compared to sophomores (9.7 ± 4.1) and juniors (19.1 ± 4.1) (Bonferroni posthoc, P \u3c .001). All groups experienced an increase in self-efficacy ahead of PCS1 with sophomores displaying a further increase between PCS1 and PCS2. With combined participants, we noted a positive correlation between self-efficacy assessed immediately following PCS1 and performance on PCS1 (r = 0.502, P = 0.007), and between relative increases in self-efficacy assessed immediately after PCS performance and relative increases in performance from PCS1 to PCS2 (r = 0.533, P = 0.02). Conclusions: The intervention positively affected performance in those who initially scored low. Students who reported higher degrees of self-efficacy immediately after the first PCS performance also performed better on this PCS. Student self-efficacy and PCS skill performance can be improved with the use of video feedback

The reading habits of Mesquakie parents

A number of texts used in the teaching of reading discuss :factors related to reading readiness, achievement, and attitudes. One of the most significant factors discussed is the home or family environment. Under the broad topic of home or family environment, numerous subcategories are operating. Some of the sub-categories include the socioeconomic background of a family (Artley, 1968); the bilingual/ bicultural background of a family (Allen, 1976); the emotional and psychological state of the family (Harris & Sipay, 1975); and the behavior and attitudes about reading within the family (Karlin, 1978)

Neonatal Infection with Species C Adenoviruses Confirmed in Viable Cord Blood Lymphocytes

Credible but conflicting reports address the frequency of prenatal infection by species C adenovirus. This question is important because these viruses persist in lymphoid cells and suppress double-stranded DNA-break repair. Consequently, prenatal adenovirus infections may generate the aberrant clones of lymphocytes that precede development of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The present study was designed to overcome technical limitations of prior work by processing cord blood lymphocytes within a day of collection, and by analyzing sufficient numbers of lymphocytes to detect adenovirus-containing cells at the lower limits determined by our previous studies of tonsil lymphocytes. By this approach, adenoviral DNA was identified in 19 of 517 (3.7%) samples, providing definitive evidence for the occurrence of prenatal infection with species C adenoviruses in a significant fraction of neonates predominantly of African American and Hispanic ancestry. Cord blood samples were also tested for the presence of the ETV6-RUNX1 translocation, the most common genetic abnormality in childhood ALL. Using a nested PCR assay, the ETV6-RUNX1 transcript was detected in four of 196 adenovirus-negative samples and one of 14 adenovirus-positive cord blood samples. These findings indicate that this method will be suitable for determining concordance between adenovirus infection and the leukemia-associated translocations in newborns

Low Temperature Aqueous Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry of Noncovalent Complexes

AbstractIn the present study we describe conditions that permit the characterization of noncovalent protein–substrate complexes in aqueous solution by microspray electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), using a heated transfer capillary at low temperature (45 °C). Specifically, we examined the binding of calmodulin to two polypeptides; the calmodulin-binding domain of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CamK-II) and melittin. Calmodulin, a well known calcium-binding protein, binds to a number of small amphipathic peptides in a calcium-dependent manner. Our results directly show that both peptides form equimolar complexes with calmodulin only in the presence of calcium. The stoichiometry necessary for the formation of each complex was 1:1:4 for calmodulin:peptide (melittin or CamK-II):Ca2+, respectively. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the detection of the complex in ESI-MS is source temperature dependent

Formation of a stable cyano-bridged dinuclear iron cluster following oxidation of the superoxide reductases from Treponema pallidum and Desulfovibrio vulgaris with K(3)Fe(CN)(6)

Inorg. Chem., 2003, 42 (4), pp 938–940 DOI: 10.1021/ic0262886Superoxide reductases catalyze the monovalent reduction of superoxide anion to hydrogen peroxide. Spectroscopic evidence for the formation of a dinuclear cyano-bridged adduct after K(3)Fe(CN)(6) oxidation of the superoxide reductases neelaredoxin from Treponema pallidum and desulfoferrodoxin from Desulfovibrio vulgaris was reported. Oxidation with K(3)Fe(CN)(6) reveals a band in the near-IR with lambda(max) at 1020 nm, coupled with an increase of the iron content by almost 2-fold. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy provided additional evidence with CN-stretching vibrations at 2095, 2025-2030, and 2047 cm(-)(1), assigned to a ferrocyanide adduct of the enzyme. Interestingly, the low-temperature electronic paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra of oxidized TpNlr reveal at least three different species indicating structural heterogeneity in the coordination environment of the active site Fe ion. Given the likely 6-coordinate geometry of the active site Fe(3+) ion in the ferrocyanide adduct, we propose that the rhombic EPR species can serve as a model of a hexacoordinate form of the active site

Ancient maize from Chacoan great houses: Where was it grown?

In this article, we compare chemical (87Sr/86Sr and elemental) analyses of archaeological maize from dated contexts within Pueblo Bonito, Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, to potential agricultural sites on the periphery of the San Juan Basin. The oldest maize analyzed from Pueblo Bonito probably was grown in an area located 80 km to the west at the base of the Chuska Mountains. The youngest maize came from the San Juan or Animas river floodplains 90 km to the north. This article demonstrates that maize, a dietary staple of southwestern Native Americans, was transported over considerable distances in pre-Columbian times, a finding fundamental to understanding the organization of pre-Columbian southwestern societies. In addition, this article provides support for the hypothesis that major construction events in Chaco Canyon were made possible because maize was brought in to support extra-local labor forces

Prune-Belly syndrome in 2 cases seen in a tertiary medical institution Southeast Nigeria – A case report

Prune-Belly syndrome is a rare congenital disorder, and in underdeveloped and developing countries, the outcome is not well known as only a few isolated cases have been reported. A review of 2 male neonates admitted and managed for Prune-Belly syndrome in the neonatal unit of the Pediatric Department of the Federal Teaching Hospital of Nigeria. This appears to be the very first of such cases to be seen at this hospital. Both babies were delivered outside this tertiary institution and eventually referred here for proper diagnosis and management. Two male neonates aged 2 and 3 days, respectively, were admitted in the same month with a common history of maternal febrile history, poor cry on delivery, and oligohydramnios in one of them. Clinical examination showed scaphoid, lax, and wrinkled abdomen with visible peristalsis and flank fullness, ballotable kidneys, distended bladder, well-formed phallus, small scrotum, and absent testes. There were also musculoskeletal abnormalities ranging from lower limb dysgenesis to clubbing of the feet. Prune-Belly syndrome presents with a spectrum of features which present an overwhelming challenge to both the parents and the managing physician, especially in most resource-poor countries

A new beginning for indigenous wellbeing - Guest editorial

Three members of the editorial board of the Journal of Indigenous Wellbeing – Te Mauri: Pimatisiwin and the Editor reflect on the genesis of the journal, comment on its journey over time, review its mission moving forward and introduces the first edition of the journal August 2016. The authors of this article include the current editorial board’s chairperson, two board members – one a past editor of the journal, the other, the journal’s present patron and the current editor

Developing and testing the EPICC Spiritual Care Competency Self‐Assessment Tool for student nurses and midwives

Aims and objectives To develop and psychometrically test a self-assessment tool that measures undergraduate nursing and midwifery students’ perceptions of spiritual care competence in health care practice. Background Spiritual care is part of nurses/midwives’ responsibility. There is a need to better benchmark students’ competency development in spiritual care through their education. The EPICC Spiritual Care Education Standard served as groundwork for the development of the EPICC Spiritual Care Competency Self-Assessment Tool. Design Cross sectional, mixed methods design. A STROBE checklist was used. Methods The Tool (available in English, Dutch and Norwegian) was developed by an international group. It was tested between July–October 2020 with a convenience sample of 323 nursing/midwifery students at eight universities in five countries. The Tool was tested for validity using Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO) test, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, one-way ANOVA and independent samples t test. The reliability was tested by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Qualitative data were analysed using thematic analysis. Results The KMO test for sampling adequacy was 0.90. All, but two, items were related to the same factor. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the Tool was 0.91. Students found the Tool easy to use, and they gained new insights by completing it. However, students felt that some questions were repetitive and took time to complete. Conclusions The Tool has construct and discriminant validity, and high internal consistency (is reliable). In addition, students found the Tool useful, especially in early stages of education. Relevance to clinical practice The Tool affords student nurses and midwives the opportunity to self-evaluate their knowledge, skills and attitudes about spirituality and spiritual care. The Tool offers students, educators and preceptors in clinical practice a tangible way of discussing and evaluating spiritual care competency