Propuesta de plan estratégico de tecnología de información (TI) para la subdirección de radiodifusión sonora del Ministerio de Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones de Colombia

198 páginas : ilustraciones, gráficos.La propuesta del Plan Estratégico de Tecnologías de información focalizado hacia la Subdirección de Radiodifusión Sonora del Ministerio de TIC, se estructuró siguiendo los lineamientos del Modelo de gestión IT4+ y la Guía Técnica G.ES.06 Como Estructurar el Plan Estratégico de Tecnologías de la información - PETI. El proyecto consta de cuatro fases, en donde la primera fase se realiza el análisis de la situación actual de la Subdirección de Radiodifusión Sonora en el marco de la citada guía, en la segunda fase se realiza el análisis entre el estado actual y el estado deseado desde el punto de vista operacional y de atención al usuario, en la tercera fase se establece el modelo de gestión de Tl, en el cual se describirá la situación deseada de gestión de Tl focalizándose en las necesidades de Tl de la Subdirección de Radiodifusión Sonora y finalmente en la cuarta fase se establece un modelo de planeación en el cual se propone un plan maestro que contiene una hoja de ruta de proyectos habilitadores, que la Oficina de Tl deberá desarrollar a futuro para que las Tl presten apoyo estratégico a la Subdirección de Radiodifusión Sonora y llegar al estado de gestión operacional deseado.The proposal of the Strategic Plan of Information Technologies focused on the Sound Broadcasting Management of the Ministry of ICT, was prepared following the guidelines of the IT 4 + management model and the Technical Guide G.ES.06 How to structure the Strategic Plan of Information Technologies for the state-owned companies. The project is developed in four phases, the first phase is the analysis of the current situation of the Sound Broadcasting Management within the framework of the aforementioned guide, in the second phase the analysis is made between the current state and the desired state from the operational and customer service view, the third phase establishes the IT management model, in which the desired IT management situation will be described, focusing on the IT needs of the Sound Broadcasting Management and finally, in the fourth phase, a planning model is established in which a master plan is proposed that contains a roadmap for enabling projects, which the IT Office of the Ministry must develop in the future in order that IT can provide strategic support to the Sound Broadcasting Management and reach the desired operational management status.MaestríaMagíster en Gerencia Estratégica de Tecnologías de Informació

Comprensión inferencial de textos expositivos de los estudiantes de educación del X ciclo de la especialidad de lengua española y literatura de dos instituciones superiores pedagógicas públicas de Lima

Esta es una investigación de tipo descriptiva, de diseño descriptivo comparativo. El objetivo principal fue comparar el nivel de comprensión inferencial de textos expositivos de los estudiantes de educación del X ciclo de la especialidad de Lengua y Literatura de un Instituto Pedagógico Nacional de Lima con el de los estudiantes de educación del X ciclo de la especialidad de Lengua y Literatura de la única Universidad Nacional de Educación en Lima. La muestra estuvo conformada por 15 estudiantes de educación de la especialidad de Lengua y Literatura del X ciclo de cada una de las instituciones mencionadas. El instrumento aplicado fue un cuestionario de comprensión lectora elaborado por Marisol Velásquez Rivera, Carolina Cornejo Valderrama y Angel Roco Videla, investigadores del Instituto de Literatura y Ciencias del Lenguaje de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, quienes lo validaron en el año 2006 como parte de una investigación. Este instrumento está conformado por cuatro textos expositivos, dos de ellos con respuestas de opción múltiple y los otros dos con respuestas a preguntas abiertas. En ellos se pretendió medir el nivel de comprensión inferencial, organizado en tres niveles de relación textual: microestructural, macroestructural y superestructural, que poseen los estudiantes. Se halló que los estudiantes del Instituto Pedagógico poseen un mejor nivel de comprensión inferencial que los de la Universidad Estatal en cada uno de los niveles textuales: microestructural, macroestructural y superestructural, aunque en este último las diferencias fueron cortas.This is a descriptive research, with a descriptive comparative design. The main objective was to compare the level of inferential comprehension of expository texts of students of X cycle of Education, specialized in Language Arts from a National Institute of Education from Lima and from the only National University of Education in Lima. The sample consisted of 15 students of that specialization per institution. The instrument was a reading comprehension questionnaire created by Marisol Velasquez Rivera, Carolina Cornejo Valderrama and Angel Roco Videla, researchers at the Institute of Literature and Language at Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, which was validated in 2006 as part of an investigation. This instrument consists of four expository texts, two of them with multiple choice answers and the other two with answers to open questions. They were intended to measure the level of inferential comprehension, organized into three levels of textual relationship: microstructural, macrostructural, and superstructural, superestructural that students possess. In this research, it was found that students of National Institute have a better standard of inferential comprehension than the students from the State University at each of the levels mentioned: microstructural, macrostructural, and superstructural; although in the last level, the differences were short.Tesi

Optimización del Tiempo de Vida de una Geomembrana de Alta y Baja Densidad Usando una Sustancia Impermeabilizadora en el Proceso de Lixiviación de Cobre

Las geomembranas sufren roturas durante el proceso de recuperación de cobre en las pilas de lixiviación, en la presente investigación se buscó mejorar las propiedades de resistencia mecánica de la geomembrana, para tal fin se realizaron diferentes pruebas de resistencia a la tracción en un equipo Demtech profesional; a la perforación en equipo fabricado para la presente investigación, según la especificación de la Sociedad Americana Para Pruebas y Materiales ASTM D6241, y prueba de temperatura según investigaciones previas, todo esto tanto para geomembranas de polietileno de alta densidad HDPE, como para geomembranas de polietileno de baja densidad LLDPE, la segunda mayormente usada en las pilas de lixiviación de cobre. La experimentación consistió en recubrir geomembranas con un elemento impermeabilizante de alta resistencia mecánica y aparte tener un grupo de control, confeccionando 10 muestras con medidas específicas según la norma de ASTM 6392 por cada grupo, para posteriormente realizar una prueba de tracción tal como se muestra en la figura 28 y otras, para la evaluación de las medidas no solo se tomó en cuenta el promedio sino se evaluó mediante pruebas estadísticas de medición de varianzas tanto TStudent como ANOVA, esto se realizó del mismo modo para los dos tipos de geomembranas. La prueba de temperatura se desarrolló con el fin de verificar si las geomembranas recubiertas resistían menos tras someterlas a la solución de lixiviación tal como se muestra en la figura 26, pero a una temperatura de 50 ºC, la temperatura elevada se debe a que esta es una forma de multiplicar el tiempo de evaluación que tendría que realizarse en años. Realizada las pruebas de tracción a este grupo de geomembranas no se notó diferencia significativa con las geomembranas que no pasaron por prueba de temperatura. vi Finalmente se realizó una prueba de perforación a ambos grupos de geomembranas tal como se ve en la figura 32. Que consistió en tener un grupo de control y un grupo recubierto, luego de evaluar ambos grupos se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas teniendo un mayor soporte mecánico antes de la rotura las muestras recubiertas. Se verifico que las multas por parte del estado para las empresas que permitan filtraciones pueden llegar a ser muy altas y que el recubrimiento por metro cuadrado tiene casi el mismo costo que la geomembrana, por lo que podría ser usado estratégicamente en determinados puntos

A new technique for hypogastric artery embolization

We report a new procedure for embolization of hypogastric arteries simultaneously with aortoiliac stenting. Eight patients with aortoiliac (n = 6) and iliac (n = 2) aneurysms have been treated with this procedure. The technique involves the placement of a hook catheter near the hypogastric artery or in the sac, and the endoprosthesis insertion is done by using the same arteriotomy. The endoprosthesis is deployed and the coil is released. Saline is injected into the sac. The catheter is removed and the balloon at the distal end of the endoprosthesis is inflated. Computed tomography images showed periprosthesis or aneurysm thrombosis. No endoleaks or coils displacement in the sac were found

ELISA test to detect Chlamydophila pneumoniae IgG

A new ELISA test (Chlamydophila pneumoniae IgG, Vircell, Spain) to detect Chlamydophila pneumoniae IgG was evaluated. The micro-immunofluorescence (MIF) test was used as reference method. Chlamydia trachomatis and Chlamydophila psittaci elementary bodies were also assayed. Two hundred and sixteen sera were included in the study: 66 from patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease (Panel 1), 68 from adults with pneumonia (Panel 2), 44 from healthy adults (Panel 3) and 38 from patients with a sexuality transmitted disease by C. trachomatis (Panel 4). In Panel 1, 51 sera (77%) had antibody titres between 32 and 128; 4 out of 15 sera with IgG titres < 32 were positive by ELISA test and 2 sera with 32 IgG titres were uncertain by ELISA; the remaining 60 sera were correctly classified, giving a 91% concordance between the techniques. In Panel 2, 55 sera (81%) had IgG titres between 32 and 512; 2 out of 13 sera with IgG titres < 32 were positive by ELISA and 2 sera with 32 titres were uncertain by ELISA; the remaining 64 sera were correctly classified, giving a 97% concordance. In Panel 3, 22 sera (50%) had IgG titres between 32 and 64; only 1 out of 22 sera with IgG titres < 32 was positive by ELISA, giving a 97% concordance between the techniques. In Panel 4, there were 24 (63%) negative, 10 (26%) uncertain and 4 (10%) positive results by ELISA, giving an 86% concordance. The C. pneumoniae ELISA test demonstrated 100% sensitivity and 85% specificity. The IgG ELISA test demonstrated a good concordance with the MIF test without the drawbacks associated with the latter assay. We conclude that the ELISA test could be an alternative to the MIF test

Forgotten forests - issues and prospects in biome mapping using Seasonally Dry Tropical Forests as a case study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>South America is one of the most species diverse continents in the world. Within South America diversity is not distributed evenly at both local and continental scales and this has led to the recognition of various areas with unique species assemblages. Several schemes currently exist which divide the continental-level diversity into large species assemblages referred to as biomes. Here we review five currently available biome maps for South America, including the WWF Ecoregions, the Americas basemap, the Land Cover Map of South America, Morrone's Biogeographic regions of Latin America, and the Ecological Systems Map. The comparison is performed through a case study on the Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest (SDTF) biome using herbarium data of habitat specialist species.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Current biome maps of South America perform poorly in depicting SDTF distribution. The poor performance of the maps can be attributed to two main factors: (1) poor spatial resolution, and (2) poor biome delimitation. Poor spatial resolution strongly limits the use of some of the maps in GIS applications, especially for areas with heterogeneous landscape such as the Andes. Whilst the Land Cover Map did not suffer from poor spatial resolution, it showed poor delimitation of biomes. The results highlight that delimiting structurally heterogeneous vegetation is difficult based on remote sensed data alone. A new refined working map of South American SDTF biome is proposed, derived using the Biome Distribution Modelling (BDM) approach where georeferenced herbarium data is used in conjunction with bioclimatic data.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Georeferenced specimen data play potentially an important role in biome mapping. Our study shows that herbarium data could be used as a way of ground-truthing biome maps <it>in silico</it>. The results also illustrate that herbarium data can be used to model vegetation maps through predictive modelling. The BDM approach is a promising new method in biome mapping, and could be particularly useful for mapping poorly known, fragmented, or degraded vegetation. We wish to highlight that biome delimitation is not an exact science, and that transparency is needed on how biomes are used as study units in macroevolutionary and ecological research.</p

Fish oil supplementation reverses the effect of cholesterol on apoptotic gene expression in smooth muscle cells

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Nutritional control of gene regulation guides the transformation of smooth muscle cells (SMC) into foam cells in atherosclerosis. Oxidative stress has been reported in areas of lipid accumulation, activating proliferation genes. Suppression of oxidative stress by antioxidant administration reduces this activation and the progression of lesions. We hypothesized that fish oil consumption may protect against atherosclerotic vascular disease. The study objective was to determine the effects of dietary cholesterol and fish-oil intake on the apoptotic pathways induced by 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-HC) in SMC cultures.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>An <it>in vivo/in vitro </it>cell model was used, culturing SMC isolated from chicks exposed to an atherogenic cholesterol-rich diet with 5% of cholesterol (SMC-Ch) alone or followed by an anti-atherogenic fish oil-rich diet with 10% of menhaden oil (SMC-Ch-FO) and from chicks on standard diet (SMC-C). Cells were exposed to 25-HC, studying apoptosis levels by flow cytometry (Annexin V) and expressions of caspase-3, c-myc, and p53 genes by quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Results: Exposure to 25-HC produced apoptosis in all three SMC cultures, which was mediated by increases in caspase-3, c-myc, and p53 gene expression. Changes were more marked in SMC-Ch than in SMC-C, indicating that dietary cholesterol makes SMC more susceptible to 25-HC-mediated apoptosis. Expression of p53 gene was elevated in SMC-Ch-FO. This supports the proposition that endogenous levels of p53 protect SMC against apoptosis and possibly against the development of atherosclerosis. Fish oil attenuated the increase in c-myc levels observed in SMC-C and SMC-Ch, possibly through its influence on the expression of antioxidant genes.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Replacement of a cholesterol-rich diet with a fish oil-rich diet produces some reversal of the cholesterol-induced changes, increasing the resistance of SMC to apoptosis.</p

Substrate, moisture, temperature and seed germination of the threatened endemic tree Eriotheca vargasii (Malvaceae)

We studied the germination of Eriotheca vargasii (Malvaceae), a poorly known endemic Peruvian Andean tree species characteristic of the dry forests of the Torobamba river valley, Peru. We determined seed characteristics, embryo morphology, viability, and assessed the influence of substrate (natural soil and commercially prepared media), temperature (controlled at 25 ºC and at ambient temperature between 18-22 ºC), and moisture (25 % and 50 % field capacity) on seed germination. Most seeds were ovoid in shape and although they contained well-developed embryos, only 46 % of them were viable. Substrate moisture levels had no influence on germination capacity or rate. In contrast, temperature and substrate type showed strong effects on germination. We observed the highest proportion of germinated seeds in prepared media at both temperatures tested (> 61 %). Furthermore, substrate types also influenced germination rates, with lower values in natural soil. The strongest effect on germination rates was by temperature, enhancing the difference in responses in substrate types (up to 90 % in commercially prepared media at 25 ºC). The low proportion of germinated seeds in soil (< 39 %), together with external local stress factors (e.g. grazing impact by herbivores), may be the critical factors contributing to the nearly total absence of seedlings and saplings of E. vargasii in the study area despite abundant seed production. In order to ensure a supply of E. vargasii seedlings for reforestation efforts, we recommend producing E. vargasii plants in nurseries and conducting reforestation trials. We suggest that germination of seedlings is done following guidelines from this study

Effect of Oxysterol-Induced Apoptosis of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells on Experimental Hypercholesterolemia

Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) undergo changes related to proliferation and apoptosis in the physiological remodeling of vessels and in diseases such as atherosclerosis and restenosis. Recent studies also have demonstrated the vascular cell proliferation and programmed cell death contribute to changes in vascular architecture in normal development and in disease. The present study was designed to investigate the apoptotic pathways induced by 25-hydroxycholesterol in SMCs cultures, using an in vivo/in vitro cell model in which SMCs were isolated and culture from chicken exposed to an atherogenic cholesterol-rich diet (SMC-Ch) and/or an antiatherogenic fish oil-rich diet (SMC-Ch-FO). Cells were exposed in vitro to 25-hydroxycholesterol to study levels of apoptosis and apoptotic proteins Bcl-2, Bcl- and Bax and the expression of bcl-2 and bcl- , genes. The quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and the Immunoblotting western blot analysis showed that 25-hydroxycholesterol produces apoptosis in SMCs, mediated by a high increase in Bax protein and Bax gene expression. These changes were more marked in SMC-Ch than in SMC-Ch-FO, indicating that dietary cholesterol produces changes in SMCs that make them more susceptible to 25-hydroxycholesterol-mediated apoptosis. Our results suggest that the replacement of a cholesterol-rich diet with a fish oil-rich diet produces some reversal of cholesterol-induced changes in the apoptotic pathways induced by 25-hydroxycholesterol in SMCs cultures, making SMCs more resistant to apoptosis.This work was supported partly by Junta de Andalucía (Group code CTS 168) and also by the research grants from Instituto de Salud Carlos III, ISCIII (Grant no. PI030829)