Absorption, Metabolism, and Excretion by Freely Moving Rats of 3,4-DHPEA-EDA and Related Polyphenols from Olive Fruits ( Olea europaea

Absorption, metabolism, and excretion of 3,4-DHPEA-EDA, oleuropein, and hydroxytyrosol isolated from olive fruits were newly evaluated after oral and intravenous administration in freely moving rats cannulated in the portal vein, jugular vein, and bile duct. Orally administered 3,4-DHPEA-EDA, an important bioactive compound in olive pomace, was readily absorbed and metabolized to hydroxytyrosol, homovanillic acid, and homovanillyl alcohol, as shown by dose-normalized 4 h area under the curve (AUC0→4 h/Dose) values of 27.7, 4.5, and 4.2 μM·min·kg/μmol, respectively, in portal plasma after oral administration. The parent compound 3,4-DHPEA-EDA was not observed in the portal plasma, urine, and bile after oral and intravenous administration. Additionally, hydroxytyrosol, homovanillic acid, and homovanillyl alcohol in the portal plasma after oral administration of hydroxytyrosol showed 51.1, 22.8, and 7.1 μM·min·kg/μmol AUC0→4 h/Dose, respectively. When oleuropein, a polar glucoside, was injected orally, oleuropein in the portal plasma showed 0.9 μM·min·kg/μmol AUC0→4 h/Dose. However, homovanillic acid was detected from oleuropein in only a small amount in the portal plasma. Moreover, the bioavailability of hydroxytyrosol and oleuropein for 4 hours was 13.1% and 0.5%, respectively. Because the amount of 3,4-DHPEA-EDA in olive fruits is about 2-3 times greater than that of hydroxytyrosol, the metabolites of 3,4-DHPEA-EDA will influence biological activities

SCREENING OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES AND THEIR BIOAVAILABILITY OF TROPICAL FRUIT BYPRODUCTS FROM INDONESIA

Objective: The objectives of this study were to investigate the antioxidant activities in peel and seed of six tropical fruits from Indonesia and to evaluate their bioavailability by in vitro digestion model.Methods: Six tropical fruits namely kapundung, matoa, papaya, rambai salak and soursop were used. The study measured antioxidant activities through 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay, total phenolic and total flavonol content of the samples. Further, the bioavailability of the antioxidant was determined by in vitro gastrointestinal digestionResults: Matoa peel and salak peel exhibited high DPPH radical scavenging activity with a SC50values of 6.6 and 6.4 µg/ml, respectively. Soursop peel had the highest for inhibiting lipid peroxidation followed by matoa peel and salak peel. The highest value for total phenolic content had in salak peel (317.0 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g dry basis). Then, total flavonol content values in salak seed (96.7 mg quercetin equivalent (QE)/g dry basis) was the highest in this study. The antioxidant activity of matoa peel and soursop peel increased after being digested.Conclusion: The results obtained in the present study indicate that peels from matoa (Pometia pinnata) and soursop (Annona muricata L) could serve as potential sources of antioxidant for use in food or feed supplement, and pharmaceutical industries.Keywords: Antioxidant, Lipid peroxidation, Phenolic compounds, Fruit peel, Fruit seed, Tropical frui

Comparison of ambient solvent extraction methods for the analysis of fatty acids in non-starch lipids of flour and starch

BACKGROUND: Lipids are minor components of flours, but are major determinants of baking properties and end-product quality. To the best of our knowledge, there is no single solvent system currently known that efficiently extracts all non-starch lipids from all flours without the risk of chemical, mechanical or thermal damage. This paper compares nine ambient solvent systems (monophasic and biphasic) with varying polarities: Bligh and Dyer (BD); modified Bligh and Dyer using HCl (BDHCL); modified BD using NaCl (BDNaCl); methanol–chloroform–hexane (3:2:1, v/v); Hara and Radin (hexane–isopropanol, 3:2, v/v); water-saturated n-butanol; chloroform; methanol and hexane for their ability to extract total non-starch lipids (separated by lipid classes) from wheat flour (Triticum aestivum L.). Seven ambient extraction protocols were further compared for their ability to extract total non-starch lipids from three alternative samples: barley flour (Hordeum vulgare L.), maize starch (Zea mays L.) and tapioca starch (Manihot esculenta Crantz). RESULTS: For wheat flour the original BD method and those containing HCl or NaCl tended to extract the maximum lipid and a significant correlation between lipid extraction yield (especially the glycolipids and phospholipids) and the polarity of the solvent was observed. For the wider range of samples BD and BD HCl repeatedly offered the maximum extraction yield and using pooled standardized (by sample) data from all flours, total non-starch lipid extraction yield was positively correlated with solvent polarity (r=0.5682,P<0.05) and water ratio in the solvent mixture (r=0.5299,P<0.05). CONCLUSION: In general, BD-based methods showed better extraction yields compared to methods without the addition of water and, most interestingly, there was much greater method dependence of lipid yields in the starches when compared to the flour samples, which is due to the differences in lipid profiles between the two sample types (flours and starches)

Bioavailability of vitamin a from peach palm (Bactris gasipaes Kunth) in Rats

Undertaken in the context of the magnitude of the public health problem of vitamin A deficiency in the world, and the availability of pro-vitamin A rich fruits in Amazonia, this study evaluated the bioavailability of Vitamin A from peach palm (Bactris gasipaes Kunth) in rats using the preventive method. The results of the study indicate that peach palm is a highly bioavailability source of Vitamin A, with a relative efficiency of 250.8% when compared with the respective control groups (100%).Considerando a magnitude da hipovitaminose A como problema de saúde pública no mundo e a disponibilidade de frutos ricos em pró-vitamina A, como a pupunha (Bactris gasipaes Kunth) na região Amazônica, determinou-se a biodisponibilidade de vitamina A da mesma em ratos, utilizando o método preventivo. Os resultados indicaram ser a pupunha uma fonte de vitamina A altamente biodisponível, com eficiência relativa de 250,8% quando comparado com o grupo controle (100%)

Nutritional profile of diffeent consumption ways of Banana (Musa paradisiaca, "pacovã" variety) of the Brazilian Amazonia

Composition centesimal and minerals elements were determined in banana pacovã (Musa paradisiaca): ripe (in natura, boiled and fried), fresh (in natura and fried). Samples were processed in the Laboratório de Nutrição e Físico-Química de Alimentos da Coordenação de Pesquisas em Ciência da Saúde - INPA. These results showed banana pacovã good source of energy and essential mineral elements, can be included in the Manaus population diet because of its good acceptance, its fairly low cost and high nutritional value.Determinou-se a composição centesimal e teores de elementos minerais na banana pacovã (Musa paradisiaca) madura (in natura, cozida e frita) e verde (in natura e frita). As amostras foram coletadas nas feiras da cidade de Manaus, processadas e analisadas no Laboratório de Nutrição e Físico-Química de Alimentos da Coordenação de Pesquisa em Ciências da Saúde - INPA. Os resultados demonstraram ser a banana pacovã boa fonte de energia e elementos minerais essenciais, sugerindo-se a implementação da mesma, na alimentação da população Amazonense pela boa aceitabilidade, custo relativamente baixo e valor nutricional

Stability of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in prebiotic edible films

The concept of prebiotic edible films as effective vehicles for encapsulating probiotic living cells is presented. Four soluble fibres (inulin, polydextrose, glucose-oligosaccharides and wheat dextrin) were selected as prebiotic co-components of gelatine based matrices plasticised with glycerol and used for the immobilisation of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. The addition of prebiotics was associated with a more compact and uniform film structure, with no detectable interspaces or micropores; probiotic inclusion did not significantly change the structure of the films. Glucose-oligosaccharides and polydextrose significantly enhanced L. rhamnosus GG viability during air drying (by 300% and 75%, respectively), whilst a 33% and 80% reduction in viable counts was observed for inulin and wheat dextrin. Contrarily, inulin was the most effective at controlling the sub-lethal effects on L. rhamnosus GG during storage. However, in all cases the supplementation of edible films with prebiotics ameliorated the storage stability of L. rhamnosus GG

Nutritional profile of the pre-school children diet from Nhamundá-Amazonas, Brazil

It was determined the nutritional constituents of the pre-school children diets from Nhamundá - AM, followed by the nutrient adequacy ratio. For sampling, the duplicate portion technique was used, which consisted of collecting all the foods and beverages consumed during 1 day. The results shown inadequate caloric contents, besides presenting deficiency of iron, calcium and zinc.Determinou-se os constituintes nutricionais das dietas dos pré-escolares do Município de Nhamundá-AM, seguido da adequação dos mesmos. Utilizou-se a técnica de amostragem da porção em duplicata, que consistiu em coletar todos os alimentos e bebidas consumidos durante um dia para a avaliação dietética. Os resultados mostraram uma baixa adequação calórica, além das deficiências para os elementos minerais ferro, cálcio e zinco

Composição Química E Adequação Da Alimentação Oferecida Aos Pré-escolares De Uma Instituição Beneficiente De Manaus, Amazonas , Brasil

Determinou-se os constituintes nutricionais da alimenta&#231;&#227;o de pr&#233;-escolares de uma creche de Manaus, AM, seguida da adequa&#231;&#227;o da mesma. Foi realizada a coleta da alimenta&#231;&#227;o (desjejum, almo&#231;o e lanches), por meio da por&#231;&#227;o em duplicata, e analisada quimicamente. Os alimentos frequentemente consumidos foram feij&#227;o (25,1%), leite com caf&#233; (19.9%), ch&#225;/sucos/refrigerantes (13,9%) e arroz (10,3%). A adequa&#231;&#227;o prot&#233;ica e energ&#233;tica foram de 126,1% e 32,42%, considerando as necessidades para as faixas et&#225;rias de 1 a 3 anos e 84% e 23,4% para o intervalo de 4 a 6. A quantidade de fibra total encontrada na dieta analisada foi baixa (5,6 g/dia). A adequa&#231;&#227;o de consumo de Cu (431.8% c 293.6%) c Na (512% e 384%), considerando as faixas de 1 a 3 anos e 4 a 6 anos, respectivamente. Ca, Zn e Fe foram limitantes, com adequa&#231;&#227;o inferior a 50%