The tree species pool of Amazonian wetland forests: Which species can assemble in periodically waterlogged habitats?

We determined the filtered tree species pool of Amazonian wetland forests, based on confirmed occurrence records, to better understand how tree diversity in wetland environments compares to tree diversity in the entire Amazon region. The tree species pool was determined using data from two main sources: 1) a compilation of published tree species lists plus one unpublished list of our own, derived from tree plot inventories and floristic surveys; 2) queries on botanical collections that include Amazonian flora, curated by herbaria and available through the SpeciesLink digital biodiversity database. We applied taxonomic name resolution and determined sample-based species accumulation curves for both datasets, to estimate sampling effort and predict the expected species richness using Chao’s analytical estimators. We report a total of 3 615 valid tree species occurring in Amazonian wetland forests. After surveying almost 70 years of research efforts to inventory the diversity of Amazonian wetland trees, we found that 74% these records were registered in published species lists (2 688 tree species). Tree species richness estimates predicted from either single dataset underestimated the total pooled species richness recorded as occurring in Amazonian wetlands, with only 41% of the species shared by both datasets. The filtered tree species pool of Amazonian wetland forests comprises 53% of the 6 727 tree species taxonomically confirmed for the Amazonian tree flora to date. This large proportion is likely to be the result of significant species interchange among forest habitats within the Amazon region, as well as in situ speciation processes due to strong ecological filtering. The provided tree species pool raises the number of tree species previously reported as occurring in Amazonian wetlands by a factor of 3.2

Óleos essenciais, estimulação química de resina e ocorrência de galhas de três espécies amazônicas de Protium

Protium is the most frequent genus of Burseraceae in the Adolpho Ducke Forest Reserve (Manaus, Amazonas), which is where its species were previously identified and mapped and this has favored various studies of this central Amazon forest. A number of P. divaricatum Engl., P. opacum Swart and P. strumosum Daly trees were selected with the objective of providing information about their chemical and biological aspects. Resin exudation was stimulated with the use of ethephon and the essential oils from the aerial parts and the resin were evaluated using GC. The occurrence of galls was also registered. The hydrocarbon sesquiterpene ß-caryophyllene was detected in high percentages in the essential oils of leaves and twigs of P. divaricatum (52.75% and 14.74%) and P. opacum (39.55% and 17.86%), respectively. The predominant oxygenated sesquiterpenes were spathulenol in the leaves (19.52%) and twigs (31.29%) of P. divaricatum, in addition to khusimone (32.36%) in the twigs of P. opacum. Monoterpenes were identified in the essential oils of the P. strumosum resin, with p-cymene (58.97%) predominating in the naturally exuded resin, limonene (61.45%) and p-cimen-8-ol (53.92%) in the resin of the first and second extraction with ethephon, respectively. On the trees, galls were identified that will help in the identification of the three species.Protium é o gênero mais frequente de Burseraceae da Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke (Manaus, Amazonas), onde as suas espécies foram previamente identificadas e mapeadas favorecendo os vários estudos dessa floresta da Amazônia Central. Selecionamos algumas árvores de P. divaricatum, P. opacum e P. strumosum como o objetivo de fornecer informações sobre seus aspectos químicos e biológicos. Estimulamos à exsudação de resina com o uso de ethephon e avaliamos por CG os seus óleos essenciais das partes aéreas e resina. Registramos também a ocorrência de galhas. O sesquiterpeno hidrocarboneto ß-caryophyllene foi detectado em altos percentuais nos óleos essenciais de folhas e galhos de P. divaricatum (52.75% e14.74%) e P. opacum (39.55% e 17.86 %), respectivamente. Os sesquiterpenos oxigenados predominantes foram o espatulenol de folhas (19.52%) e galhos (31.29%) of P. divaricatum além da khusimona (32.36%) dos galhos de P. opacum. Nos óleos essenciais da resina de P. strumosum foram identificados monoterpenos, predominando o p-cymene (58.97%) na resina exsudada naturalmente, limonemo (61.45%) e p-cimen-8-ol (53.92%) na resina da primeira e segunda extração com ethephon, respectivamente. Nas árvores, foram identificadas galhas que auxiliarão na identificação das três espécies

Avaliação dos Parâmetros Fisiológicos em Cães De Agility / Evaluation of Physiological Parameters in Agility Dogs

 Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar os parâmetros fisiológicos dos animais submetidos à prova de agility em diferentes horários e dias, correlacionados com os índices bioclimatológicos. O experimento foi realizado no Kennel Club do Estado de Pernambuco no mês de junho de 2017. Foram utilizados dez cães da raça Border Collie, sendo seis fêmeas e quatro machos. Os animais utilizados pertenciam a diferentes proprietários participantes  do XI  campeonato de Agility. Foram analisados a frequência cardíaca (FC), frequência respiratória (FR), temperatura de superfície (TS) e temperatura auricular (TA) dos cães antes e após a realização da prova. As condições climáticas no momento da realização das provas foram avaliadas para o cálculo dos índices bioclimatológicos. Coletou-se os dados da temperatura ambiente, temperaturas máxima e mínima do dia, temperatura de globo negro e velocidade do vento. A partir dos valores obtidos para as variáveis de clima, determinaram-se o índice de temperatura de globo negro e umidade (ITGU) e a carga térmica radiante (CTR). Os dados FC, FR, TS, TA , ITGU e CTR foram calculados e analisados. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de correlação pelo teste t de Student pelo programa in Stata a 5% de probabilidade. Observou-se que a prova de agility não interfere nos parâmetros fisiológicos dos animais, pelo fato de configurar uma prova de curto tempo e o animal  estar condicionado a prática do exercício, bem como não houve influência do ambiente sobre os parâmetros mensurados nos animais, uma vez que a exposição aos fatores ambientais só ocorre durante o período da prova. 

Rarity of monodominance in hyperdiverse Amazonian forests.

Tropical forests are known for their high diversity. Yet, forest patches do occur in the tropics where a single tree species is dominant. Such "monodominant" forests are known from all of the main tropical regions. For Amazonia, we sampled the occurrence of monodominance in a massive, basin-wide database of forest-inventory plots from the Amazon Tree Diversity Network (ATDN). Utilizing a simple defining metric of at least half of the trees ≥ 10 cm diameter belonging to one species, we found only a few occurrences of monodominance in Amazonia, and the phenomenon was not significantly linked to previously hypothesized life history traits such wood density, seed mass, ectomycorrhizal associations, or Rhizobium nodulation. In our analysis, coppicing (the formation of sprouts at the base of the tree or on roots) was the only trait significantly linked to monodominance. While at specific locales coppicing or ectomycorrhizal associations may confer a considerable advantage to a tree species and lead to its monodominance, very few species have these traits. Mining of the ATDN dataset suggests that monodominance is quite rare in Amazonia, and may be linked primarily to edaphic factors

Carcinoma endometrial: características clínicas, diagnóstico, prognóstico e rastreamento.

Introduction: Uterine cancer is the most common gynecologic malignancy in high-income countries and the second most common in low- and middle-income countries (after cervical cancer). Endometrial adenocarcinoma is the most prevalent histopathologic subtype. Its cardinal symptom is abnormal uterine bleeding, and some patients may have normal findings on cervical cytology. Most are diagnosed when the disease is confined to the uterus, with a 90% 5-year survival rate. The main risk factor is excess endogenous or exogenous estrogen, without progestin opposition. Lynch syndrome (hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer) is a genetic risk factor; the pathogenesis in these cases is germline mutation in DNA mismatch repair genes. Objective: to discuss endometrial carcinoma and its symptoms, diagnosis, prognosis, and screening. Methodology: Literature review of articles from the Scielo, PubMed and BVS databases, from January to March 2024, with the descriptors in English “endometrial carcinoma”, “clinical features”, “diagnosis” and “prognosis and screening”. Full articles from the last five years (2019-2024) were included, with a total of 30 studies. After reading, studies with other criteria were excluded, with 05 full articles chosen. Results and discussion: Abnormal uterine bleeding occurs in 75-90% of cases of endometrial carcinoma, mostly in patients over 55 years of age. Other presentations include abnormal cervical cytology findings, abnormal imaging findings or incidental findings when hysterectomy is performed for benign disease. Pelvic examination is usually normal in the early stage, as the uterus is not enlarged or tender as in more advanced cases. In postmenopausal women, the endometrium may be thickened on uterine imaging and, depending on the bleeding, the patient may already be anemic. The risk of cancer increases compared to benign disease as endometrial thickness approaches 20 mm on transvaginal ultrasound. Diagnosis of carcinoma is histopathological, with sampling by endometrial biopsy, curettage or hysterectomy. Prognosis is determined by tumor stage, grade and histology of the disease. Most patients have a favorable outcome due to endometrioid histology and early stage disease. Conclusion: For most patients, it is suggested not to perform screening tests (such as imaging, tissue sampling, cervical cytology) for endometrial carcinoma. All patients should be questioned and informed to report abnormal uterine bleeding. Early diagnosis aids in appropriate staging and management.Introdução: O câncer uterino é a malignidade ginecológica mais comum em países de alta renda e a segunda mais comum em países de baixa e média renda (após o câncer cervical). O adenocarcinoma endometrial é o subtipo histopatológico mais prevalente. Seu sintoma cardinal é o sangramento uterino anormal, podendo haver pacientes com achados normais na citologia cervical. A maioria é diagnosticada quando a doença está confinada no útero, com taxa de sobrevivência de 90% em 5 anos. O principal fator de risco é o excesso de estrogênio endógeno ou exógeno, sem oposição da progestina. A síndrome de Lynch (câncer de cólon hereditário não polipose) é fator de risco genético; a patogênese nesses casos é mutação da linha germinativa em genes de reparo de incompatibilidade de DNA. Objetivo: discutir carcinoma endometrial e seus sintomas, diagnóstico, prognóstico e rastreamento. Metodologia: Revisão de literatura a partir de artigos das bases de dados da Scielo, da PubMed e da BVS, de janeiro a março de 2024, com os descritores em inglês “endometrial carcinoma”, “clinical features”, “diagnosis” e “prognosis and screening”. Incluíram-se artigos completos dos últimos cinco anos (2019-2024), com total de 30 estudos. Após leitura, excluíram-se estudos com outros critérios, com escolha de 05 artigos na íntegra. Resultados e discussão: O sangramento uterino anormal ocorre em 75-90% dos casos de carcinoma endometrial, com maioria em pacientes com mais de 55 anos. Outras apresentações incluem achados anormais de citologia cervical, achados anormais em imagem ou descobertas incidentais quando a histerectomia é realizada para doença benigna. O exame pélvico geralmente é normal no estágio inicial, pois o útero não é aumentado nem sensível como em quadros mais avançados. Na pós-menopausa, o endométrio pode estar espessado em imagem uterina e, a depender do sangramento, a paciente já anêmica. O risco de câncer aumenta em relação à doença benigna à medida que a espessura endometrial se aproxima de 20 mm no ultrassom transvaginal. O diagnóstico do carcinoma é histopatológico, com amostra por biópsia endometrial, curetagem ou histerectomia. O prognóstico é determinado pelo estágio tumoral, grau e histologia da doença. A maioria possui desfecho favorável devido à histologia endometrioide e doença em estágio inicial. Conclusão: Para a maioria dos pacientes, sugere-se não realizar testes de triagem (como imagem, amostragem de tecido, citologia cervical) para carcinoma endometrial. Todas as pacientes devem ser questionadas e informadas para relatar sangramento uterino anormal. O diagnóstico precoce auxilia no estadiamento e manejo adequados

Tendências Atuais na Eficácia e Mecanismos de Ação: Uma Revisão Sistemática sobre o Uso de Análogos de GLP-1 no Tratamento da Obesidade

This work presents a systematic review on current trends in the effectiveness and mechanisms of action of GLP-1 analogs in the treatment of obesity. The introduction highlights the growing prevalence of obesity as a global public health challenge, positioning GLP-1 analogs as a promising approach. The methodology describes the formulation of the research question, study selection criteria, data extraction, and the analysis of study quality. The results emphasize the efficacy of these analogs in weight reduction, explore the neurobiological mechanisms involved, and demonstrate improvements in obesity-related comorbidities. The conclusion underscores the consistency of the reviewed evidence and the need for further research to optimize personalized therapeutic approaches.Este trabalho apresenta uma revisão sistemática sobre as tendências atuais na eficácia e nos mecanismos de ação dos análogos de GLP-1 no tratamento da obesidade. A introdução destaca a crescente prevalência da obesidade como um desafio global de saúde pública, situando os análogos de GLP-1 como uma abordagem promissora. A metodologia descreve a formulação da pergunta de pesquisa, os critérios de seleção de estudos, a extração de dados e a análise da qualidade dos estudos. Os resultados destacam a eficácia desses análogos na redução de peso, exploram os mecanismos neurobiológicos envolvidos e evidenciam melhorias nas comorbidades associadas à obesidade. A conclusão ressalta a consistência da evidência revisada e a necessidade de pesquisas adicionais para otimizar abordagens terapêuticas personalizadas

Manejo Terapêutico do Paciente com Gangrena de Fournier: Revisão de Literatura

This Fournier syndrome, known as Fournier Gangrene, is a serious polymicrobialinfection that mainly affects the perineum and genital region. The research, anintegrative review between 2020 and 2024, resulted in the analysis of 41 articles, ofwhich 6 were selected. The incidence is higher in men, with an increase after the age of50. The results point to several sources of technology, highlighting skin, urological andgastrointestinal. The pathophysiology involves endarteritis obliterans, ischemia andthrombosis, leading to necrosis. The progression of the disease is divided into fourphases, with the third phase characterized by general signs and severe infectioussyndrome, which can lead to septic shock. Treatment includes broad-spectrumantibiotics, surgical debridement and, in severe cases, superficial scrotal debridement.Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is considered an adjuvant, periodic at the request ofmicroorganisms and stimulating healing. It concludes by highlighting the urgency ofearly diagnosis and multidisciplinary treatment, given the rapid progression of necrosisand high rates of morbidity and mortality associated with Fournier syndrome. Theresearch contributes to clinical understanding and highlights the importance ofimproving knowledge for a correct diagnosis and improving treatment conditions.A síndrome de Fournier, conhecida como Gangrena de Fournier, é uma infecçãopolimicrobiana grave que afeta principalmente a região do períneo e genital. Apesquisa, uma revisão integrativa entre 2020 e 2024, resultou na análise de 41 artigos,dos quais foram selecionados 6. A incidência é maior em homens, com aumento apósos 50 anos. Os resultados apontam diversas fontes de infecção, destacando pele,urológicas e gastrointestinais. A fisiopatologia envolve endarterite obliterante,isquemia e trombose, levando à necrose. A progressão da doença é dividida em quatrofases, com a terceira fase caracterizada por sinais gerais e síndrome infecciosa grave,podendo levar ao choque séptico. O tratamento abrange antibióticos de amploespectro, desbridamentos cirúrgicos e, em casos graves, reconstrução escrotal. Aoxigenioterapia hiperbárica é considerada adjuvante, reduzindo a proliferação demicro-organismos e estimulando a cicatrização. Conclui-se ressaltando a urgência dodiagnóstico precoce e tratamento multidisciplinar, dado o rápido avanço da necrose ealtas taxas de morbimortalidade associadas à síndrome de Fournier. A pesquisacontribui para a compreensão clínica e destaca a importância de aprimorar oconhecimento para um diagnóstico correto e melhorar as condições de tratamento

Geographic patterns of tree dispersal modes in Amazonia and their ecological correlates

Aim: To investigate the geographic patterns and ecological correlates in the geographic distribution of the most common tree dispersal modes in Amazonia (endozoochory, synzoochory, anemochory and hydrochory). We examined if the proportional abundance of these dispersal modes could be explained by the availability of dispersal agents (disperser-availability hypothesis) and/or the availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits (resource-availability hypothesis). Time period: Tree-inventory plots established between 1934 and 2019. Major taxa studied: Trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 9.55 cm. Location: Amazonia, here defined as the lowland rain forests of the Amazon River basin and the Guiana Shield. Methods: We assigned dispersal modes to a total of 5433 species and morphospecies within 1877 tree-inventory plots across terra-firme, seasonally flooded, and permanently flooded forests. We investigated geographic patterns in the proportional abundance of dispersal modes. We performed an abundance-weighted mean pairwise distance (MPD) test and fit generalized linear models (GLMs) to explain the geographic distribution of dispersal modes. Results: Anemochory was significantly, positively associated with mean annual wind speed, and hydrochory was significantly higher in flooded forests. Dispersal modes did not consistently show significant associations with the availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits. A lower dissimilarity in dispersal modes, resulting from a higher dominance of endozoochory, occurred in terra-firme forests (excluding podzols) compared to flooded forests. Main conclusions: The disperser-availability hypothesis was well supported for abiotic dispersal modes (anemochory and hydrochory). The availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits seems an unlikely explanation for the distribution of dispersal modes in Amazonia. The association between frugivores and the proportional abundance of zoochory requires further research, as tree recruitment not only depends on dispersal vectors but also on conditions that favour or limit seedling recruitment across forest types

Mapping density, diversity and species-richness of the Amazon tree flora

Using 2.046 botanically-inventoried tree plots across the largest tropical forest on Earth, we mapped tree species-diversity and tree species-richness at 0.1-degree resolution, and investigated drivers for diversity and richness. Using only location, stratified by forest type, as predictor, our spatial model, to the best of our knowledge, provides the most accurate map of tree diversity in Amazonia to date, explaining approximately 70% of the tree diversity and species-richness. Large soil-forest combinations determine a significant percentage of the variation in tree species-richness and tree alpha-diversity in Amazonian forest-plots. We suggest that the size and fragmentation of these systems drive their large-scale diversity patterns and hence local diversity. A model not using location but cumulative water deficit, tree density, and temperature seasonality explains 47% of the tree species-richness in the terra-firme forest in Amazonia. Over large areas across Amazonia, residuals of this relationship are small and poorly spatially structured, suggesting that much of the residual variation may be local. The Guyana Shield area has consistently negative residuals, showing that this area has lower tree species-richness than expected by our models. We provide extensive plot meta-data, including tree density, tree alpha-diversity and tree species-richness results and gridded maps at 0.1-degree resolution