Energy of bond defects in quantum spin chains obtained from local approximations and from exact diagonalization

We study the influence of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic bond defects on the ground-state energy of antiferromagnetic spin chains. In the absence of translational invariance, the energy spectrum of the full Hamiltonian is obtained numerically, by an iterative modification of the power algorithm. In parallel, approximate analytical energies are obtained from a local-bond approximation, proposed here. This approximation results in significant improvement upon the mean-field approximation, at negligible extra computational effort.Comment: 3 pages, 2 figures. Manuscript accepted by Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, special issue for LAWMMM 2007 conferenc

Bibliometric analysis of quality function deployment with fuzzy systems

Research on quality function deployment (QFD) with fuzzy systems has increased since the 2000s. The growing number of QFD applications with fuzzy systems indicates worldwide attention on this field of research. Then, two research questions arise: Are there some trends? And, are there some research gaps? This paper presents bibliometric analysis to answer those questions, performed on data from Scopus database, in a total output of 598 documents. Only articles and reviews were searched. China is the leading country in publication and international collaboration (207 published documents, more than a third of total). The main finding of analysis is the trend of QFD integration with fuzzy and multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods. This could be observed with different applications as new product development, quality management, service quality, and supply chain management, to name a few.CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior(undefined

O Cuidado Como Elemento De Sustentabilidade Em Situações De Crise. Portugal Entre O Estado Providência E As Relações Interpessoais

Portugal is going through a socio-economic crisis which has led to increased pressure on social services. Faced with the reduced capacity of state care systems to continue providing support, people are (re)turning to informal ways of addressing the problem. During field work among middleclass families from Lisbon and Oporto, we witnessed how people simultaneously engage with both formal and informal care systems. The article discusses the ways in which informal practices are used to respond to crisis situations, thus contributing to social sustainability. © 2016, Universidade Estadual de Campinas UNICAMP. All Right reserved.2016467910

The one-dimensional XXZ model with long-range interactions

The one-dimensional XXZ model (s=1/2, N sites) with uniform long-range interactions among the transverse components of the spins is considered. The Hamiltonian of the model is explicitly given by $H=J\sum_{j=1}^{N}(s_{j}^{x}s_{j+1}^{x}+s_{j}^{y}s_{j+1}^{y}) -(I/N)\sum_{j,k=1}^{N}s_{j}^{z}s_{k}^{z}-h\sum_{j=1}^{N}s_{j}^{z},$ where the $s^{x,y,z}$ are half the Pauli spin matrices. The model is exactly solved by applying the Jordan-Wigner fermionization, followed by a Gaussian transformation. In the absence of the long-range interactions (I=0), the model, which reduces to the isotropic XY model, is known to exhibit a second-order quantum phase transition driven by the field at zero temperature. It is shown that in the presence of the long-range interactions (I different from 0) the nature of the transition is strongly affected. For I>0, which favours the ordering of the transverse components of the spins, the transition is changed from second- to first-order, due to the competition between transverse and xy couplings. On the other hand, for I<0, which induces complete frustration of the spins, a second-order transition is still present, although the system is driven out of its usual universality class, and its critical exponents assume typical mean-field values.Comment: 5 pages, 1 figure, presented at ICM2000, to be published in the Proceedings (Journal of Magnetism & Magnetic Materials

Preferable Localization And Different Infestation Levels Of The Horn Fly (haematobia Irritans) On Nelore Bulls [localização Preferencial E índices Diferenciados De Infestação Da Mosca-dos-chifres (haematobia Irritans) Em Bovinos Da Raça Nelore]

Many studies about Haematobia irritans have been made due to the damages and worries it causes to cattle breeding in many countries. The common name of the fly is related to its behavior. In Europe and the United States of America it is named horn-fly because it stays right on the base of the horns in order to protect itself from low temperatures; in Latin America, however, it is known as "mosca-da-paleta" because of its preferred localization on the shoulder of cattle. Biological aspects of the bovines can lead to different levels of fly infestation in the herd. Mean numbers of flies on different anatomic regions and individual infestations were evaluated in 60 Nelore bulls with the same zootechnic features during 1998 in Araçatuba city, State of São Paulo, Brazil. Both sides of the animals were filmed, and the number of flies was recorded in cassette tapes. Fly counts and their delimitation on 15 anatomic regions were performed from film viewing. During rainy days a significant increase (p<0.05) in number of flies in the abdominal region was observed. Shoulders, forelegs, back and ribs showed the highest number of flies (p<0.05). The evaluation of individual infestation revealed less than 50 flies on 50% of the cattle, 50 to 100 flies on 38% and over 100 flies on 12% of them.2212532Barros, A.T.M., Dynamics of Haematobia irritans irritans (Diptera: Muscidae) infestation on Nelore cattle in the Pantanal, Brazil (2001) Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz., 96 (4), pp. 445-450Bianchin, I., Alves, R.G.O., Mosca-dos-chifres: Comportamento e danos em bovinos Nelore (1997) Comunicado Técnico, 55. , Embrapa-CNPGC, Campo Grande, MS. 8 pChamberlain, W.F., Dispersal of horn flies: 3. Effect of environmental factors (1984) Southwest Entomol., 9 (1), pp. 73-78Derouen, S.M., Foil, L.D., Knox, J.W., Turpin, J.M., Horn fly (Diptera: Muscidae) control and weight gains of yearling beef cattle (1995) J. Econ. Entomol., 88, pp. 666-668Ernst, C.M., Krafsur, E.S., Horn fly (Diptera: Muscidae): Sampling considerations of host breed and color (1984) Environ. Entomol., 13, pp. 892-894Fava, A.L.B., Souza, A.M., Lomônaco, C., Estrutura etária fisiológica e distribuição espacial de Haematobia irritans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae) (1994) An. Soc. Entomol. Bras., 23 (1), pp. 63-70Fordyce, G., Howitt, C.J., Horoyd, R.G., O'Rourke, P.K., Entwistle, K.W., The performance of Brahman-Shorthorn and Sahiwal-Shorthorn beef cattle in the dry tropics of Northern Queensland. Scrotal circumference, temperament, ectoparasite resistance, and the genetics of growth and other traits in bulls (1996) Aust. J. Exp. Agric., 36 (1), pp. 1-17Hillerton, J.E., Branley, A.J., Variability between muscidae population of dairy heifers on two different typs of pasture in Southern England (1986) Brit. Vet. J., 142 (2), pp. 155-162Honer, M.R., Bianchin, I., Gomes, A., A mosca-dos-chifres: História, biologia e controle (1991) Documentos, 45. , Embrapa-CNPGC, Campo Grande, MS. 34pLima, L.G.F., Prado, A.P., Perri, S.H.V., Densidade populacional da mosca-dos-chifres (Haematobia irritans irritans) em bovinos da raça Nelore (Bos indicus) no município de Araçatuba, SP (1999) Anais, 11, p. 122. , Seminário Bras. Parasitol. Veterinária, Salvador. ResumoLima, L.G.F., Prado, A.P., Perri, S.H.V., Comparison of two methods (visual estimates and filming) for counts of horn flies, Haematobia irritans irritans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae) (2002) Vet. Parasitol., 103 (3), pp. 225-233Macqueen, A., Doube, B.M., Emergence, host-finding and longevity of adult Haematobia irritans exigua de meijere (Diptera: Muscidae) (1988) J. Aust. Entomol. Soc., 27, pp. 167-174Morgan, N.O., Autecology of the adult horn fly, Haematobia irritans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae) (1964) Ecology, 45 (4), pp. 728-736Popesko, P., (1985) Atlas de Anatomia Topográfica dos Animais Domésticos, 2, p. 12. , Manole, São Paulo(1988) SAS User's Guide: Release 6.03, , Statistical Analysis System Institute, Cary. 1028 pSchreiber, E.T., Campbell, J.B., Horn fly (Diptera: Muscidae) distribution on cattle as influenced by host color and time of day (1986) Environ. Entomol., 15 (6), pp. 1307-1309Sereno, F.T.P.S., Pupas de mosca-dos-chifres, Haematobia irritans, em massas fecais de bovinos Nelore no Pantanal (2000) Pesq. Agropec. Bras., 35 (8), pp. 1685-1688Steelman, C.D., Brown A.H., Jr., Gbur, E.E., Tolley, G., Interactive response of the horn fly (Diptera: Muscidae) and selected breeds of beef cattle (1991) J. Econ. Entomol., 84, pp. 1275-1282Steelman, C.D., Gbur, E.E., Tolley, G., Brown A.H., Jr., Individual variation within breeds of beef cattle in resistance to horn fly (Diptera: Muscidae) (1993) J. Med. Entomol., 30 (2), pp. 414-420Steelman, C.D., Brow, C.J., McNew, R.W., Gbur, E.E., Brow, M.A., Tolley, G., The effects of selection for size in cattle on horn fly population density (1996) Med. Vet. Entomol., 10, pp. 129-136Tarn, C.Y., Rosenkrans, C.F., Steelman, C.D., Brown, A.H., Johnson, Z.B., Plasma characteristics of beef cattle classified as resistant or susceptible to horn flies (1994) J. Anim. Sci., 72 (4), pp. 886-89

Sistema tradicional de manejo de caprinos II. Desempenho de caprinos SRD na fase de pós-aleitamento

The pattern of growth of SRD kids from an average of 153 days up to approximately 461 days of age was studied. Weights at the ages of 153 (W5), 181 (W6), 209 (W7), 237 (W8), 265 (W9), 293 (W10), 321 (W11), 349 (W12), 461 (W16) days and calculated weight gains (G) between every weight interval G5 = (W5 - Weaning weight) through G12 = (W12 - W 11) were evaluated. Data were initially recorded on 54 kids and diminished thereafter at every interval due to kid mortality. The least squares analysis of variance showed a significant season of birth effect (P 0.05) with the exception of type of birth for G12 (P 0,05), com exceção do tipo de nascimento para G12 (P < 0,025). As covariâncias de peso da mãe ao parto e idade do cabrito no momento da pesagem, foram significativas em algumas idades. Já para peso ao nascer, a covariável foi significativa para P7, P8, P10 (P < 0,005); P9 (P < 0,001); P6, P11 e G12 (P < 0,025).

Cytogenetic Analysis Of Four Central Amazonian Species Of Colostethus (anura - Dendrobatidae) With A Diploid Complement Of 22 Chromosomes

Colostethus marchesianus from the type locality and three related species had 2n = 22 chromosomes, which differed from most other Colostethus species that have 2n = 24 chromosomes. The species analyzed were morphologically similar and showed a conservative karyotype, although they could be distinguished from each other by their C-banding pattern. Additional NOR sites, heteromorphism in NOR size and heterochromatin, and an additional rDNA site detected by FISH, were observed. These data suggest that chromosomal rearrangements and hetrochromatin-related events may have contributed to the karyotype differentiation of these Colostethus.1393189198Aguiar-Jr., O., Lima, A.P., Giaretta, A.A., Cytogenetics analysis of four poison frogs of the Epipedobates genus (Anura - Dendrobatidae) (2002) Herpetologica, 58, pp. 293-303Bogart, J.P., The influence of life history on karyotypic evolution in frogs (1991) Amphibian Cytogenetics and Evolution, pp. 233-258. , In: Green, D. M. and Sessions, S. K. (eds)Academic PressBogart, J.P., Hedges, D.S.B., Rapid chromosome evolution in Jamaican frogs of the genus Eleuterodactylus (Leptodactylidae) (1995) J. Zool. Lond., 235, pp. 9-31Busin, C.S., Vinciprova, G., Recco-Pimentel, S.M., Chromosomal rearrangements as the source of variation in the number of chromosomes in Pseudis (Amphibia-Anura) (2001) Genetica, 110, pp. 131-141Coloma, L.A., Ecuadorian frogs of the genus Colostethus (Anura: Dendrobatidae) (1995) Univ. Kansas Nat. Hist. Mus., Miscell. Publ., 87, pp. 1-72Duellman, W.E., Trueb, L., (1986) Biology of Amphibians, , McGraw-HillFoote, D.L., Willey, J.E., Little, M.L., Ribosomal RNA gene site polymorphism in Bufo terrestris (1991) Cytogenet. Cell Genet., 57, pp. 196-199Frost, D.R., Amphibian species of the world (2002), http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/index.htm, An on-line reference. Ver. 2.21Gascon, C., Population and community level analyses of species occurrences of central Amazonian rain forest tadpoles (1991) Ecology, 72, pp. 1731-1746Green, M.D., Sessions, S.K., Nomenclature for chromosomes (1991) Amphibian Cytogenetics and Evolution, pp. 431-432. , In: Green, D. M. and Sessions, S. K. (eds)Academic PressHero, J.M., An illustrated key to tadpoles occurring in the central Amazon rainforest, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil (1990) Amazoniana, 11, pp. 201-262Hillis, D.M., The phylogeny of amphibians: Current knowledge and the role of cytogenetics (1991) Amphibian Cytogenetics and Evolution, pp. 7-31. , In: Green, D. M. and Sessions, S. K. (eds)Academic PressHowell, W.M., Black, D.A., Controlled silver-staining of nucleolus organizer regions with a protective colloidal developer: A 1 step method (1980) Experientia, 36, pp. 1014-1015Kaiser, H., Steinlein, C., Feichtinger, W., Chromosome banding of six dendrobatid frogs (Colostethus, Mannophryne) (2003) Herpetologica, 59, pp. 203-218King, M., C-banding studies on Australian hylid frogs: Secondary constriction structure and the concept of euchromatin transformation (1980) Chromosoma, 80, pp. 191-217King, M., Rofe, R., Karyotypic variation in the Australian gekko Phyllodactylus marmoratus (Gray) (Gekkonidae: Reptilia) (1976) Chromosoma, 54, pp. 75-87King, M., Contreras, N., Honeycutt, R.T., Variation within and between nucleolar regions in Australian hylid frogs (Anura) shown by 18S and 28S in-situ hybridization (1990) Genetica, 80, pp. 17-29León, P.E., Report of the chromosome numbers of some Costa Rican anurans (1970) Rev. Biol. Trop., 17, pp. 119-124Lima, A.P., Caldwell, J.P., A new Amazonian species of Colostethus with sky blue digits (2001) Herpetologica, 57, pp. 180-189Lourenço, L.B., Recco-Pimentel, S.M., Cardoso, A.J., Polymorphism of nucleolus organizer regions (NORs) in Physalaemus petersi (Amphibia, Anura Leptodactylidae) detected by silver staining and fluorescence in situ hybridization (1998) Chromosome Res., 6, pp. 621-628Lourenço, L.B., Recco-Pimentel, S.M., Cardoso, A.J., Two karyotypes, heteromorphic sex chromosomes and C-band variability in Physalaemus petersi (Anura, Leptodactylidae) (1999) Can. J. Zool., 36, pp. 301-306Lourenço, L.B., Garcia, P.C.A., Recco-Pimentel, S.M., Cytogenetics of two species of Paratelmatobius (Anura: Leptodactylidae), with phylogenetic comments (2000) Hereditas, 133, pp. 201-209Lynch, J.D., Two new species of poison-dart frogs (Colostethus) from Colombia (1982) Herpetologica, 38, pp. 366-374Meunier-Rotival, M., Cortadas, J., Macaya, G., Isolation and organization of calf ribosomal DNA (1979) Nucleic Acids Res., 6, pp. 2109-2123Miura, I., Two differential groups of the Japanese toad, Bufo japonicus japonicus, demonstrated by C-banding analysis of chromosome (1995) Caryologia, 48, pp. 123-136Miura, I., Nishioka, M., Borkin, L.J., The origin of the brown frogs with 2n = 24 chromosomes (1995) Experientia, 51, pp. 179-188Myers, C.W., Paolillo, A., Daly, J.W., Discovery of a defensively malodorous and nocturnal frog in the family Dendrobatidae: Phylogenetic significance of a new genus and species from the Venezuelan Andes (1991) Am. Mus. Novitates, 3002, pp. 2-33Rada De Martínez, D., Cariotipo de Colostethus trinitatis (Amphibia: Dendrobatidae) (1976) Acta Biol. Venez., 9, pp. 213-220Rasotto, M.B., Cardellini, P., Sala, M., Karyotypes of five species of Dendrobatidae (Anura: Amphibia) (1987) Herpetologica, 43, pp. 177-182Schmid, M., Chromosome banding in Amphibia I. Constitutive heterochromatin and nucleolus organizer regions in Bufo and Hyla (1978) Chromosoma, 66, pp. 361-368Schmid, M., Chromosome banding in Amphibia II. Constitutive heterochromatin and nucleolus organizer regions in Ranidae, Microhylidae and Rhacophoridae (1978) Chromosoma, 68, pp. 131-148Schmid, M., Chromosome banding in Amphibia V. Highly differentiated ZW/ZZ sex chromosomes and exceptional genome size in Pyxicephalus adspersus (Anura, Ranidae) (1980) Chromosoma, 80, pp. 69-96Schmid, M., Chromosome banding in Amphibia VII. Analysis of the structure and variability of NORs in Anura (1982) Chromosoma, 87, pp. 327-344Schmid, M., Steinley, C., Nanda, I., Chromosome banding in Amphibia (1990) Cytogenetics of Amphibians and Reptiles, pp. 21-45. , In: Olmo, E. (ed.)Birkhäuser VerlagSchmid, M., Feichtinger, W., Weimer, R., Chromosome banding in Amphibia. XXI. Inversion polymorphism and nucleolus organizer regions in Agalychnis callidryas (Anura, Hylidae) (1995) Cytogenet. Cell Genet., 69, pp. 18-26Silva, A.P.Z., Haddad, C.F.B., Kasahara, S., Nucleolus organizer regions in Physalaemus cuvieri (Anura, Leptodactylidae), with evidence of a unique case of Ag-NOR variability (1999) Hereditas, 131, pp. 135-141Sumner, A.T., A simple technique for demonstrating centromeric heterochromatin (1972) Exp. 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Digestible lysine effects on gene expression by Japanese quails in the pre-laying phase

This study aimed to determine the effects of digestible lysine levels in the diets of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) on performance, blood parameters and the expression of insulin-like growth factor I, and growth hormone receptor (GHR), apolipoprotein A-I (APOA-I), acetyl-CoA-carboxylase (ACC), and fatty acid synthase (FAS) genes. A total of 288 seven-day-old female Japanese quails were randomly assigned to one of three diets that contained 0.8%, 1.10%, or 1.40% digestible lysine. The birds were slaughtered at 42 days old, and relative gene expression was evaluated in the liver by qRT-PCR using the 2-ΔCT method. Lysine supplementation had no effect on weight gain and feed conversion. Abdominal fat was lower in birds supplemented with 0.8% digestible lysine than those supplemented with 1.10% and 1.40%. Increased total cholesterol and triglycerides were elevated in quails that received supplementation of 1.10% digestible lysine compared with the other diets. High density lipoproteins were decreased in birds that received 0.8% digestible lysine. Quails fed with 1.40% digestible lysine had greater expression of GHR and APOA-I than quails fed diets with 0.8 and 1.10% (P &lt;0.05). The greatest expressions of ACC and FAS were observed in the liver of quails fed with 0.8% digestible lysine. The current results suggest that lysine supplementation in the pre-laying phase allows birds to deposit muscle mass to reach the optimal conformation and body fatness that provides an energetic reserve for the productive phase by modulating the expression of genes related to growth and lipid metabolism. Keywords: Coturnix coturnix japonica, growth, growth hormone, lipid synthesis, lipid metabolis

Potential alternative feed sources for ruminant feeding from the biodiesel production chain by-products

This study aimed to evaluate the chemical composition, fractionation of nitrogen compounds and carbohydrates, digestibility parameters, gas production kinetics and ruminal fermentation of fruit seed cakes. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three fruit seed cakes (treatments) and four replications. The cakes were made of seeds of custard apple (Annona squamosa), soursop (Annona muricata) and passion fruit (Passiflora edulis), which were collected in a biodiesel plant. The passion fruit seed cake presented the highest content of dry matter, neutral detergent fibre crude protein (NDFcp), acid detergent fibre (ADF), lignin and total carbohydrates (P&lt;0.05). The custard apple seed cake presented high proportions of crude protein, condensed tannins and digestible energy (P&lt;0.05). The soursop seed cake presented higher values for ether extract and total digestible nutrients (P&lt;0.05). For potential degradability, the authors detected a difference between the custard apple, soursop and passion fruit seed cakes. The total volume of gases was higher for custard apple and soursop seed cakes. Custard apple seed cake presented higher proportions of in vitro degradation parameters (P&lt;0.05). Thus this cake could provide greater nutrient levels when supplied in ruminant diets, followed by soursop seed cake and passion fruit seed cake. Keywords: alternative food, by-products, ruminant feeding, seed cake, semi-ari