Programa de Controle da Tuberculose e satisfação dos usuários, Rio de Janeiro

OBJETIVO Avaliar fatores associados à satisfação de usuários do Programa de Controle de Tuberculose. MÉTODOS Estudo transversal realizado com 295 pacientes ≥ 18 anos que tiveram duas ou mais consultas no Programa de Controle da Tuberculose em cinco municípios da região metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, em 2010. Contemplando população estimada de 4.345 pacientes, o desenho da amostra incluiu 15 unidades com o programa, divididas em dois estratos: unidades da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, selecionadas com probabilidade proporcional à média de consultas mensais, e unidades dos outros quatro municípios, incluídas com certeza. Nas unidades, quatro conglomerados temporais com cinco pacientes cada foram selecionados com equiprobabilidade, totalizando 300 pacientes. Utilizou-se questionário que investigou variáveis clínicas e sociodemográficas dos usuários e aspectos dos serviços e do atendimento no programa relevantes na percepção de satisfação desses. Estatísticas descritivas e a satisfação com o programa foram obtidas e os efeitos dos fatores associados à satisfação foram estimados. RESULTADOS Predominaram pacientes do sexo masculino (57,7%), com média de 40,9 anos e baixa escolaridade. O tempo médio de tratamento foi 4,1 meses, majoritariamente do tipo autoadministrado (70,4%). Ainda, 25,8% já tinham realizado tratamento prévio de tuberculose. Houve elevado nível de satisfação, sobretudo com relação à provisão de medicamentos e respeito aos pacientes pelos profissionais de saúde. Mostraram-se mais insatisfeitos: pacientes mais jovens (≤ 30 anos), submetidos a tratamento autoadministrado e com nível superior. Sugestões de melhoria dos serviços incluíram aumento da quantidade de médicos (70,0%) e realização de exames no local do atendimento (55,1%). CONCLUSÕES A satisfação dos pacientes do Programa de Controle da Tuberculose mostrou-se, em termos gerais, elevada, mas é menor entre os mais jovens, aqueles com nível superior e aqueles submetidos ao tratamento autoadministrado. São necessárias mudanças estruturais e organizacionais no cuidado, e este estudo provê subsídios práticos para a sua melhoria.OBJECTIVE To evaluate factors associated with users’ satisfaction in the Tuberculosis Control Program. METHODS A cross-sectional study of 295 patients aged ≥ 18 years, with two or more outpatient visits in the Tuberculosis Control Program, in five cities in the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Southeastern Brazil, in 2010. Considering an estimated population of 4,345 patients, the sampling plan included 15 health care units participating in the program, divided into two strata: units in Rio de Janeiro City, selected with probability proportional to the monthly average number of outpatient visits, and units in the other four cities. In the units, four temporal clusters of five patients each were selected with equal probability, totaling 300 patients. A questionnaire investigating the users’ clinical and sociodemographic variables and aspects of care and service in the program relevant to user satisfaction was applied to the patients. Descriptive statistics about users and their satisfaction with the program were obtained, and the effects of factors associated with satisfaction were estimated. RESULTS Patients were predominantly males (57.7%), with a mean age of 40.9 and with low level of schooling. The mean treatment time was 4.1 months, mostly self-administered (70.4%). Additionally, 25.8% had previously been treated for tuberculosis. There was a high level of satisfaction, especially regarding medication provision, and respect to patients by the health professionals. Patients who were younger (≤ 30), those on self-administered treatment, and with graduate level, showed less satisfaction. Suggestions to improve the services include having more doctors (70.0%), and offering exams in the same place of attendance (55.1%). CONCLUSIONS Patient satisfaction with the Tuberculosis Control Program was generally high, although lower among younger patients, those with university education and those on self-administered treatment. The study indicates the need for changes to structural and organizational aspects of care, and provides practical support for its improvement

Hospitais filantrópicos e a operação de planos de saúde próprios no Brasil

OBJECTIVE: To describe the management performance of philanthropic hospitals that operate their own health plans, in comparison with philanthropic hospitals as a whole in Brazil. METHODS: The managerial structures of philanthropic hospitals that operated their own health plans were compared with those seen in a representative group from the philanthropic hospital sector, in six dimensions: management and planning, economics and finance, human resources, technical services, logistics services and information technology. Data from a random sample of 69 hospitals within the philanthropic hospital sector and 94 philanthropic hospitals that operate their own health plans were evaluated. In both cases, only the hospitals with less than 599 beds were included. RESULTS: The results identified for the hospitals that operate their own health plans were more positive in all the managerial dimensions compared. In particular, the economics and finance and information technology dimensions were highlighted, for which more than 50% of the hospitals that operated their own health plans presented almost all the conditions considered. CONCLUSIONS: The philanthropic hospital sector is important in providing services to the Brazilian Health System (SUS). The challenges in maintaining and developing these hospitals impose the need to find alternatives. Stimulation of a public-private partnership in this segment, by means of operating provider-owned health plans or providing services to other health plans that work together with SUS, is a field that deserves more in-depth analysis.OBJETIVO: Descrever o desempenho gerencial de hospitais filantrópicos com operadoras de planos de saúde em comparação com o conjunto de hospitais filantrópicos no Brasil. MÉTODOS: Foram comparadas as estruturas gerenciais presentes nos hospitais filantrópicos com operadoras próprias de planos de saúde com aquelas observadas num conjunto representativo do setor hospitalar filantrópico, em seis dimensões: direção e planejamento, econômico-financeira, recursos humanos, serviços técnicos, serviços logísticos e tecnologia de informações. Consideraram-se os dados de uma amostra aleatória de 69 hospitais, extraída do setor hospitalar filantrópico, e 94 hospitais filantrópicos com operadoras próprias de planos de saúde. Nos dois casos incluíram-se apenas os hospitais com menos de 599 leitos. RESULTADOS: Foram identificados resultados mais positivos para o conjunto de hospitais com operadoras próprias de planos de saúde em todas as dimensões gerenciais comparadas. Em particular, destacaram-se as dimensões econômico-financeira e de tecnologia de informações, nas quais mais de 50% dos hospitais com operadoras apresentaram quase todas as condições consideradas. CONCLUSÕES: O setor hospitalar filantrópico é importante na prestação de serviços ao Sistema Único de Saúde. Os desafios para a sua manutenção e desenvolvimento impõem encontrar alternativas. O fomento de uma parceria público-privado neste segmento, por meio da operação de planos próprios ou prestação de serviços a outros planos de saúde convivendo com o SUS, constitui um campo que merece uma análise mais aprofundada

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost