Células C em bócio colóide

PURPOSE: The aim of this investigation was to quantitatively evaluate C-cells in colloid goiters, analyzing 36 thyroids that were obtained through thyroidectomy from 24 patients with goiter and 12 normal glands from adult patients without thyroid disease, which were used as the control group. MATERIAL AND METHODS: On average, 6 different thyroid areas were sampled and labeled by immunohistochemistry with a monoclonal anticalcitonin antibody, utilizing the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex. C-cells were counted in fields measuring 1 square centimeter, and the mean number of cells per field was then calculated. Data were statistically analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test. RESULTS: In the colloid goiter group, the number of C-cells ranged from 0 to 23 per field, while in normal controls they ranged from 20 to 148 per field. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate a significant decrease of C-cell number in the colloid goiter group compared with control group, indicating that the hyperplastic process is restricted to follicular cells, to the detriment of C-cells, which probably cease to receive trophic stimuli.OBJETIVO: Pesquisar, quantitativamente, as células C em bócio colóide com o propósito de investigar a relação destas células na patogênese do bócio. MÉTODO: Foram analisadas 35 tiróides obtidas de tiroidectomia, sendo 24 de pacientes com bócio colóide e 11 tiróides normais de adulto usadas como controle. Seis diferentes áreas foram amostradas em média e coradas com o anticorpo monoclonal anticalcitonina. As células C foram contadas em campos de 1 cm² e o número médio de células/campo foi calculado. Os dados foram estudados estatisticamente pelo teste de Kruskal-Wallis. RESULTADOS: O número de células C variou de 0 a 23/cm² em bócio colóide e em tiróides normais de 20 a 148/cm². CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados demonstraram redução significativa no número de células C em bócio colóide comparando com tiróides normais, indicando que o processo hiperplásico é restrito às células foliculares em detrimento das células C, as quais, provavelmente, deixam de receber estímulos tróficos e se degeneram

Vp/Vs ratios in the Parnaíba Basin from joint active-passive seismic analysis – Implications for continental amalgamation and basin formation

Acknowledgements The authors thank Jordi Julià and two anonymous reviewers for valuable comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. Thanks to the PBAP program for the availability of WARR, DSR and teleseismic three-component data (Project 5547: BP ENERGY/FUB/FINATEC— PARNAÍBA BASIN REFRACTION EXPERIMENT). RAF thanks CNPq and INCT Estudos Tectônicos (CNPq, CAPES, FAP-DF) for research fellowship and funds. *The data that support the findings of this study may be available from the authors upon reasonable request.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Field dependent transition to the non-linear regime in magnetic hyperthermia experiments : comparison between maghemite, copper, zinc, nickel and cobalt ferrite nanoparticles of similar sizes

Further advances inmagnetic hyperthermiamight be limited by biological constraints, such as using sufficiently low frequencies and low field amplitudes to inhibit harmfuleddy currents inside the patient’s body. These incite the need to optimize the heatingefficiency of the nano particles, referred to as the specific absorption rate (SAR).Among the several properties currently under research, one of particular importance is the transition from the linear to the non-linear regime that takes place as the field amplitude is increased, an aspect where the magnetic anisotropy is expected to play a fundamental role. In this paper we investigate the heating properties of cobalt ferrite and maghemite nano particles under the influence of a 500 kHz sinusoidal magneticfield with varying amplitude, up to 134 Oe. The particles were characterized byTEM, XRD, FMR and VSM, from which most relevant morphological, structural and magnetic properties were inferred. Both materials have similar size distributions and saturation magnetization, but strikingly different magnetic anisotropies. Frommagnetic hyperthermia experiments we found that, while at low fields maghemiteis the best nanomaterial for hyperthermia applications, above a critical field, close to the transition from the linear to the non-linear regime, cobalt ferrite becomesmore efficient. The results were also analyzed with respect to the energy conversionefficiency and compared with dynamic hysteresis simulations. Additional analysiswith nickel, zinc and copper-ferrite nanoparticles of similar sizes confirmed the importance of the magnetic anisotropy and the damping factor. Further, the analysis of the characterization parameters suggested core-shell nanostructures, probably due to a surface passivation process during the nanoparticle synthesis. Finally, we discussed the effect of particle-particle interactions and its consequences, in particular regarding discrepancies between estimated parameters and expected theoretical predictions

Spontaneous B-cell lymphoma in hamster

Durante estudo anatomopatológico, incluindo imunoistoquímica, sobre pancreatite chagásica, experimentalmente induzida em hamsters machos, não-isogênicos, com quatro meses de idade, pesando 107,8 ± 10,9g, infiltração por linfoma foi observada em um animalcontrole normal, com 15 meses de idade. A neoplasia foi notada na ocasião da necropsia, 330 dias após o início do experimento. Lirifoma similar não foi achado nos demais controles normais (n=73), nem nos hamsters do grupo infectado, pareados para peso e idade (n=94). As alterações histopatológicas e imunoistoquímicas foram consistentes com linfoma difuso, não-Hodgkin, de grandes céiulas-B; porém, a hipótese de eventual origem leucêmica não foi inteiramente excluída. Linfomas experimentalmente induzidos têm sido relatados em animais de laboratório; entretanto, relatos de caso de linfoma, ocorrendo espontaneamente em hamsters, não têm sido freqüentes. No presente caso, o desenvolvimento da doença poderia ter alguma relação com o processo de envelhecimento.During anatomopathologic study, including immunohistochemistry, about chagasic pancreatitis experimentally induced in four month aged male non-isogenic hamsters, weighing 107.8 ± 10.9g, lymphoma infiltration was observed in a 15 month-aged normal control animal. The neoplasia was disclosed on the occasion of necropsy studies, 330 days after the beginning of experiment. Similar lymphoma was not found in the remainder normal controls (n=73), nor in the group of infected hamsters age and weight matched (n=94). The neoplasia histopathologic and immunohistochemical changes were consistent with non-Hodgkin diffuse large B-ceIl lymphoma; nevertheless, the hypothesis of eventual leukemic origin was not entirely excluded. Experimentally induced lymphomas have been related in laboratory animais; however, cases of spontaneously occurring lymphoma have been infrequently described in hamsters. In the present case, the development of the disease could have some relation with the animal aging process

Depression as a determinant of frailty in late life

Objectives Accumulating evidence shows depression as a risk factor for frailty, but studies are mainly population-based and widely differ in their assessment of either depression or frailty. We investigated the association between depression and frailty among geriatric outpatients using different assessment instruments for both conditions. Method Among 315 geriatric outpatients (mean age 72.1 years, 68.3% female sex) participating the MiMiCS-FRAIL cohort study, major and subthreshold depression were measured with psychiatric diagnostic interview according to DSM-5 criteria (SCID-5) as well as with instruments to screen and measure severity of depressive symptoms (GDS-15 and PHQ-9). Frailty was assessed according to a screening instrument (FRAIL-BR) and a multidimensional Frailty Index (FI-36 items). Multiple logistic and linear regression were performed to assess the association between depression (independent variable) and frailty (dependent variable) adjusted for confounders. Results Frailty prevalence in patients with no, subthreshold or major depressive disorder increases from either 14.5%, 46.5% to 65.1% when using the FRAIL-BR questionnaire, and from 10.2%, 20.9%, to 30.2% when using the FI-36 index. These association remain nearly the same when adjusted for covariates. Both the FRAIL-BR and the FI-36 were strongly associated with major depressive disorder, subthreshold depression, and depressive symptoms by PHQ-9 and GDS-15. Conclusion Late life depression and frailty are associated in a dose-dependent manner, irrespective of the used definitions. Nonetheless, to avoid residual confounding, future research on underlying biological mechanisms should preferably be based on formal psychiatric diagnoses and objectively assessment frailty status

Preliminarno ispitivanje antimikotskog i citotoksičnog djelovanja derivata cikloalkil[b]tiofena PLS-DA analizom

A series of 2-[(arylidene)amino]-cycloalkyl[b]thiophene-3-carbonitriles (2a-x) was synthesized by incorporation of substituted aromatic aldehydes in Gewald adducts (1a-c). The title compounds were screened for their antifungal activity against Candida krusei and Criptococcusneoformans and for their antiproliferative activity against a panel of 3 human cancer cell lines (HT29, NCI H-292 and HEP). Forantiproliferative activity, the partial least squares (PLS) methodology was applied. Some of the prepared compounds exhibited promising antifungal and proliferative properties. The most active compounds for antifungal activity were cyclohexyl[b]thiophene derivatives, and forantiproliferative activity cycloheptyl[b]thiophene derivatives, especially 2-[(1H-indol-2-yl-methylidene)amino]-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-cyclohepta[b]thiophene-3-carbonitrile (2r), which inhibited more than 97 % growth of the three cell lines. The PLS discriminant analysis (PLS-DA)applied generated good exploratory and predictive results and showed that the descriptors having shape characteristics were strongly correlated with the biological data.Koristeći supstituirane aromatske aldehide u Gewaldovim aduktima 1a-c sintetizirani su derivati 2-[(ariliden)amino]-cikloalkil[b]tiofen-3-karbonitrila (2a-x). Ispitano je antimikotsko djelovanje tih spojeva na gljivice Candida krusei i Criptococcus neoformans te antiproliferativno djelovanje na tri humane tumorske stanične linije (HT29, NCI H-292 i HEP). Za antiproliferativno djelovanje primijenjena je metoda parcijalnih najmanjih kvadrata (PLS) koristeći softverski program Pentacle. Neki od ispitanih spojeva pokazuju obećavajuće antimikotsko i antiproliferativno djelovanje. Najjače antimikotsko djelovanje imaju cikloheksil[b]tiofen derivati, a najjače antiproliferativno djelovanje cikloheptil[b]tiofen derivati, posebice 2-[(1H-indol-2-il-metiliden)amino]-5,6,7,8-tetrahidro-4H-ciklohepta[b]tiofen-3-karbonitril (2r), koji inhibira više od 97 % rast svih triju ispitivanih staničnih linija. Primijenjena PLS diskriminirajuća analiza dala je dobre istraživačke i prognostičke rezultate i pokazala da deskriptori dobro koreliraju s biološkim rezultatima

Land–atmosphere interactions in sub-polar and alpine climates in the CORDEX Flagship Pilot Study Land Use and Climate Across Scales (LUCAS) models – Part 2: The role of changing vegetation

Land cover in sub-polar and alpine regions of northern and eastern Europe have already begun changing due to natural and anthropogenic changes such as afforestation. This will impact the regional climate and hydrology upon which societies in these regions are highly reliant. This study aims to identify the impacts of afforestation/reforestation (hereafter afforestation) on snow and the snow-albedo effect and highlight potential improvements for future model development. The study uses an ensemble of nine regional climate models for two different idealised experiments covering a 30-year period; one experiment replaces most land cover in Europe with forest, while the other experiment replaces all forested areas with grass. The ensemble consists of nine regional climate models composed of different combinations of five regional atmospheric models and six land surface models. Results show that afforestation reduces the snow-albedo sensitivity index and enhances snowmelt. While the direction of change is robustly modelled, there is still uncertainty in the magnitude of change. The greatest differences between models emerge in the snowmelt season. One regional climate model uses different land surface models which shows consistent changes between the three simulations during the accumulation period but differs in the snowmelt season. Together these results point to the need for further model development in representing both grass–snow and forest–snow interactions during the snowmelt season. Pathways to accomplishing this include (1) a more sophisticated representation of forest structure, (2) kilometre-scale simulations, and (3) more observational studies on vegetation–snow interactions in northern Europe

Hippocampal Astrocytes in Migrating and Wintering Semipalmated Sandpiper

Seasonal migratory birds return to the same breeding and wintering grounds year after year, and migratory long-distance shorebirds are good examples of this. These tasks require learning and long-term spatial memory abilities that are integrated into a navigational system for repeatedly locating breeding, wintering, and stopover sites. Previous investigations focused on the neurobiological basis of hippocampal plasticity and numerical estimates of hippocampal neurogenesis in birds but only a few studies investigated potential contributions of glial cells to hippocampal-dependent tasks related to migration. Here we hypothesized that the astrocytes of migrating and wintering birds may exhibit significant morphological and numerical differences connected to the long-distance flight. We used as a model the semipalmated sandpipe