Gamma Irradiation and High Hydrostatic Pressure Applied to Hamburger Conservation

Human nutrition is an essential process, since it provides the essential nutrients for their development. Animal source foods are rich in protein, amino acids, vitamins, and minerals. And they are subject to contaminants from the raw material to the final consumption. To avoid microbial contamination and deterioration, various technologies are used to ensure their innocuity. These include gamma irradiation and high hydrostatic pressure (HHP), which are nonthermal treatments. Such treatments may reduce the known adverse effects that occur during thermal processing. In meat products, these technologies may induce lipid oxidation, and to limit this process, the addition of synthetic or natural food antioxidants or both are used. This chapter discusses the use of gamma irradiation, high hydrostatic pressure, and application of natural antioxidants in beef hamburger to ensure their quality

Lower urinary tract symptoms and sexual dysfunction in men with multiple sclerosis

OBJECTIVES: To assess the prevalence and interrelationship between lower urinary tract symptoms and sexual dysfunction in men with multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, we evaluated 41 men (mean age 41.1±9.9 years) with MS from February 2011 to March 2013, who were invited to participate irrespective of the presence of lower urinary tract symptoms or sexual dysfunction. Neurological impairment was assessed with the Expanded Disability Status Scale; lower urinary tract symptoms were evaluated with the International Continence Society male short-form questionnaire, and sexual dysfunction was evaluated with the International Index of Erectile Function. All patients underwent transabdominal urinary tract sonography and urine culture. RESULTS: The mean disease duration was 10.5±7.3 years. Neurological evaluation showed a median Expanded Disability Status Scale score of 3 [2-6]. The median International Continence Society male short-form questionnaire score was 17 [10-25]. The median International Index of Erectile Function score was 29 [15-46]. Twentynine patients (74.4%) had sexual dysfunction as defined by an International Index of Erectile Function score o45. Voiding dysfunction and sexual dysfunction increased with the degree of neurological impairment (r=0.02 [0.02 to 0.36] p=0.03 and r=-0.41 [-0.65 to -0.11] p=0.008, respectively). Lower urinary tract symptoms and sexual dysfunction also displayed a significant correlation (r=-0.31 [-0.56 to -0.01] p=0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Most male patients with MS have lower urinary tract symptoms and sexual dysfunction. The severity of the neurological disease is a predictive factor for the occurrence of voiding and sexual dysfunctions

CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE FIBRA DE COCO IN NATURA E CARACTERIZAÇÃO DO PROCESSO DE PIRÓLISE

This work aims to verify the possibility of valuing coconut husk fiber through pyrolysis for the production of carbonized, and evaluate the influence of the pyrolysis conditions in its potential to use as a soil conditioner. Biomass were pyrolyzed used the peak temperatures of 350, 450 and 550 °C, with immersion time of 30 minutes. The characterization included analyses of bulk density, proximate analyses, X-RF, total carbon, pH, electrical conductivity, thermal analysis of biomass and cation exchange capacity in carbonized. The results indicate that the fiber has relevant properties for thermochemical conversion and the pyrolysis temperature influenced the characteristics of the carbonized. The X-RF showed that the carbonized presents K, Cl, Ca, Na and Mg content in its composition. The pH proved to be alkaline for the carbonized. It was possible to conclude that the carbonized produced have viable characteristics for its application as a soil conditioner. Mais cimento não necessariamente melhora a qualidade do concreto ou agiliza os cronogramas de construção. Em contraste, o concreto com menor teor de cimento pode durar mais e atingir resistência suficiente a tempo para evitar atrasos na construção. As normas técnicas exigem o superdimensionamento do concreto por décadas, mas estudos que avaliam as magnitudes do superdimensionamento real são raros. Este estudo experimental teve como objetivo identificar o teor de materiais cimentícios necessário para atender ao superdimensionamento requerido com base em 958 ensaios de resistência à compressão (σ) representando 8200 m³ de concreto para construções comerciais. O superdimensionamento real do concreto parece ser 7 a 21% acima do necessário. O conteúdo de materiais cimentícios deve ser reduzido entre 6 e 17% para que o concreto possa atingir a resistência à compressão requerida (f’cr) sem excesso de cimento. O nível do superdimensionamento excessivo aumentou significativamente com o aumento da resistência à compressão especificada (f’c), indicando que os produtores de concreto parecem ser mais cautelosos quando o f’cr é maior. Pesquisas adicionais são necessárias para expandir a gama de aplicações e teor de materiais cimentícios

CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE FIBRA DE COCO IN NATURA E CARACTERIZAÇÃO DO PROCESSO DE PIRÓLISE

This work aims to verify the possibility of valuing coconut husk fiber through pyrolysis for the production of carbonized, and evaluate the influence of the pyrolysis conditions in its potential to use as a soil conditioner. Biomass were pyrolyzed used the peak temperatures of 350, 450 and 550 °C, with immersion time of 30 minutes. The characterization included analyses of bulk density, proximate analyses, X-RF, total carbon, pH, electrical conductivity, thermal analysis of biomass and cation exchange capacity in carbonized. The results indicate that the fiber has relevant properties for thermochemical conversion and the pyrolysis temperature influenced the characteristics of the carbonized. The X-RF showed that the carbonized presents K, Cl, Ca, Na and Mg content in its composition. The pH proved to be alkaline for the carbonized. It was possible to conclude that the carbonized produced have viable characteristics for its application as a soil conditioner. Mais cimento não necessariamente melhora a qualidade do concreto ou agiliza os cronogramas de construção. Em contraste, o concreto com menor teor de cimento pode durar mais e atingir resistência suficiente a tempo para evitar atrasos na construção. As normas técnicas exigem o superdimensionamento do concreto por décadas, mas estudos que avaliam as magnitudes do superdimensionamento real são raros. Este estudo experimental teve como objetivo identificar o teor de materiais cimentícios necessário para atender ao superdimensionamento requerido com base em 958 ensaios de resistência à compressão (σ) representando 8200 m³ de concreto para construções comerciais. O superdimensionamento real do concreto parece ser 7 a 21% acima do necessário. O conteúdo de materiais cimentícios deve ser reduzido entre 6 e 17% para que o concreto possa atingir a resistência à compressão requerida (f’cr) sem excesso de cimento. O nível do superdimensionamento excessivo aumentou significativamente com o aumento da resistência à compressão especificada (f’c), indicando que os produtores de concreto parecem ser mais cautelosos quando o f’cr é maior. Pesquisas adicionais são necessárias para expandir a gama de aplicações e teor de materiais cimentícios

TUMBALALÁ PEOPLE: HISTORY, TERRITORY, CULTURAL IDENTITIES AND THEIR IMPACTS ON INDIGENOUS SCHOOL EDUCATION

This paper aims to present a historical data about the Tumbalalá people, starting with the first records of their territorial occupation, as well as their historical roots and identification with their ancestors and the cultural focus of their ethnicity. From this point on, it is introduced a discussion about Indigenous School Education, under the focus of the prevailing Brazilian legislation, pursuing to differentiate Indigenous Education from Indigenous School Education, emphasizing the value that Indigenous knowledge has for School Education in contextualization and interculturality as ways to foster the rescue of Indigenous culture. It is moreover important to highlight the role of the Brazilian legislature, which has sought to guarantee the right of Indigenous people to a differentiated education as a guarantee of respect for their culture and, at the same time, the right to a formal education that allows them to continue to defend their rights and interests. Resulting from the long struggle of the Indigenous peoples to achieve this right to a differentiated education, although it has advanced significantly there is still a lot to be done. Keywords: Culture; Ethnicity, Ancestry, Interculturality, Traditional Knowledge DOI: 10.7176/RHSS/13-6-05 Publication date:March 31st 202

Uso de resfriamento e congelamento para anestesia de cágados Phrynops geoffroanus (Pleurodira: Chelidae) e o estabelecimento da menor temperatura inicial letal

The use of hypothermia for anesthesia and euthanasia in ectothermic individuals has promoted many discussions, especially in the last four decades, and yet it continues today as a method that is prohibited or restricted to certain procedures. Despite this, some studies have shown satisfactory results in obtaining anesthetic plans, raising questions about the real possibility of using this method in research. The aim of the present experiment was to determine the time patterns to generate anesthesia and low incipient lethal temperature in Phrynops geoffroanus through cooling and freezing. Turtles reached the anesthesia grade nine within 30 minutes, making ease handling due to muscle relaxation, and, in 80 minutes, they reached anesthesia grade 11, becoming insensitive. The low incipient lethal temperature (LILT) shows that 1°C is the limit freezing from where the turtle can recover its motor activities while lower temperatures cause death. The low incipient lethal temperature was determined in a 300-minute period independently of the individual's size or weight.O uso de hipotermia para anestesia e eutanásia em indivíduos ectotérmicos tem gerado muitas discussões, especialmente nas últimas quatro décadas, e apesar disso continua hoje como um método que é proibido ou restrito a certos procedimentos.  Alguns estudos têm mostrado resultados satisfatórios na obtenção de planos anestésicos, levantando questionamentos sobre a real possibilidade do uso deste método em pesquisas.  O objetivo do presente experimento foi determinar o padrão de tempo de anestesia e da menor temperatura inicial letal através do resfriamento e congelamento em cágados da espécie Phrynops geoffroanus. Os cágados chegaram ao grau de anestesia nove em 30 minutos, tornando fácil seu manuseio devido ao relaxamento muscular e, em 80 minutos, alcançaram o grau 11 de anestesia tornando-se insensíveis. A menor temperatura inicial letal demonstrou que 1°C é o congelamento limite a partir do qual o cágado pode retomar sua atividade motora, sendo que temperaturas inferiores levam à morte. A menor temperatura inicial letal foi determinada em 300 minutos independentemente do tamanho ou peso do indivíduo

MONITORAMENTO DE PEQUENOS MAMÍFEROS NÃO VOADORES EM UMA ÁREA DE CERRADO NO CÓRREGO DO URUBU, BRASÍLIA-DF

O Núcleo Rural Córrego do Urubu está situado a 14 quilômetros da rodoviária do Plano Piloto, na unidade hidrográfica Santa Maria/Torto (bacia hidrográfica do lago Paranoá), inserida em duas importantes Áreas de Proteção Ambiental (APA), a do Planalto Central e a do Lago Paranoá. Essa região vem sofrendo forte pressão antrópica em especial pela especulação imobiliária. A concretização desse feito certamente influenciará na dinâmica populacional de pequenos mamíferos da área e assim a pesquisa se mostrou urgente e poderá fornecer informações relevantes de comparação pós distúrbio sobre a população de pequenos mamíferos do local. Com o objetivo de entender os padrões de dispersão, fluxo de populações e estimar a riqueza e biodiversidade na área, realizou-se o monitoramento de pequenos mamíferos não voadores na Estação Experimental de agroecologia Chácara Delfim T61, localizada no Núcleo Rural Córrego do Urubu. As campanhas foram realizadas de janeiro/2018 a agosto/2018, no início de cada mês, por cinco dias consecutivos, em duas fitofisionomias: cerrado típico e campo sujo. Na área de cerrado típico, que apresentou maior riqueza e abundância, foi disposta uma grade formada por 7 transectos lineares, com 12 pontos cada, distantes 10m um do outro, totalizando 84 pontos de captura. Na área de fitofisionomia campo sujo foi disposta uma grade formada por 6 transectos lineares, com 11 pontos cada, distantes 10m um do outro, o que equivale ao total de 66 pontos de captura. Para captura e contenção dos animais foram utilizadas armadilhas do tipo Sherman e Tomahawk (124 e 26, respectivamente), com iscas compostas por fubá, sardinha, banana e pasta de amendoim. Para todos os espécimes capturados, foram realizadas medições biométricas, através de fita métrica e pesola, e estes foram identificados quanto ao sexo e estágio de desenvolvimento. Por fim, os animais foram marcados com brincos numerados para identificação em caso de recaptura. Foi registrado um total de 47 indivíduos capturados com 36 recapturas estes dentre três espécies de roedores (Necromys lasiurus, Oligoryzomys e Cerradomys scotti) e duas de marsupiais (Didelphis albiventris e Gracilinanus agilis). Necromys lasiurus e Didelphis albiventris foram as espécies maior estimativa, com 69,41% e 20% do total de indivíduos, respectivamente, e juntas equivalem a 82,9% dos indivíduos capturados e 97,36% dos recapturados. Os resultados obtidos poderão ser utilizados para estudo e definição de projetos que certamente influenciarão na dinâmica populacional de pequenos mamíferos da áre

An environmental dependence of the physical and structural properties in the Hydra cluster galaxies

The nearby Hydra cluster (∼50 Mpc) is an ideal laboratory to understand, in detail, the influence of the environment on the morphology and quenching of galaxies in dense environments. We study the Hydra cluster galaxies in the inner regions (1R200) of the cluster using data from the Southern Photometric Local Universe Survey, which uses 12 narrow and broad-band filters in the visible region of the spectrum. We analyse structural (Sérsic index, effective radius) and physical (colours, stellar masses, and star formation rates) properties. Based on this analysis, we find that ∼88 per cent of the Hydra cluster galaxies are quenched. Using the Dressler–Schectman test approach, we also find that the cluster shows possible substructures. Our analysis of the phase-space diagram together with density-based spatial clustering algorithm indicates that Hydra shows an additional substructure that appears to be in front of the cluster centre, which is still falling into it. Our results, thus, suggest that the Hydra cluster might not be relaxed. We analyse the median Sérsic index as a function of wavelength and find that for red [(u − r) ≥2.3] and early-type galaxies it displays a slight increase towards redder filters (13 and 18 per cent, for red and early type, respectively), whereas for blue + green [(u − r)<2.3] galaxies it remains constant. Late-type galaxies show a small decrease of the median Sérsic index towards redder filters. Also, the Sérsic index of galaxies, and thus their structural properties, do not significantly vary as a function of clustercentric distance and density within the cluster; and this is the case regardless of the filter.CL-D acknowledges scholarship from CONICYT-PFCHA/Doctorado Nacional/2019-21191938. CL-D and AM acknowledge support from FONDECYT Regular grant 1181797. CL-D acknowledges also the support given by the ‘Vicerrectoría de Investigacion de la Universidad de La Serena’ program ‘Apoyo al fortalecimiento de grupos de investigacion’. CL-D and AC acknowledges to Steven Bamford and Boris Haeussler with the MegaMorph project. CL-D and DP acknowledge support from fellowship ‘Becas Doctorales Institucionales ULS’, granted by the ‘Vicerrectoría de Investigacion y Postgrado de la Universidad de La Serena’. AM and DP acknowledge funding from the Max Planck Society through a ‘Partner Group’ grant. DP acknowledges support from FONDECYT Regular grant 1181264. This work has used the computing facilities of the Laboratory of Astroinformatics (Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciencias Atmosféricas, Departamento de Astronomia/USP, NAT/Unicsul), whose purchase was made possible by FAPESP (grant 2009/54006-4) and the INCT-A. YJ acknowledges financial support from CONICYT PAI (Concurso Nacional de Inserción en la Academia 2017) No. 79170132 and FONDECYT Iniciación 2018 No. 11180558. LS thanks the FAPESP scholarship grant 2016/21664-2. AAC acknowledges support from FAPERJ (grant E26/203.186/2016), CNPq (grants 304971/2016-2 and 401669/2016-5), and the Universidad de Alicante (contract UATALENTO18-02). AMB thanks the FAPESP scholarship grant 2014/11806-9. RA acknowedges support from ANID FONDECYT Regular grant 1202007